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At least 757 records · Page 42Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Automated coding of diagnoses--three methods compared.

In Germany, new legal requirements have raised the importance of the accurate encoding of admission and discharge diseases for in- and outpatients. In response to emerging needs for computer-supported tools we examined three methods for automated coding of German-language free-text diagnosis phrases. We compared a language-independent lexicon-free n-gram approach with one which uses a dictionary of medical morphemes and refines the query by a mapping to SNOMED codes. Both techniques produced a ranked output of possible diagnoses within a vector space framework for retrieval. The results did not reveal any significant difference: The correct diagnosis was found in approximately 40% for three-digit codes, and 30% for four-digit codes. The lexicon-based method was then modified by substituting the vector space ranking by a heuristic approach that capitalizes on the semantic structure of SNOMED, thus raising the number of correct diagnoses significantly (approximately 50% for three-digit codes, and 40% for four-digit codes). As a result, we claim that lexicon-based retrieval methods do not perform better than the lexicon-free ones, unless conceptual knowledge is added.

Abstracting and Indexing↗
PubMed1993

Structure for classification and coding of surgical procedures.

PT002s of TC251 of CEN has been established in order to identify structural elements for classification and coding of surgical procedures. This project team identified 10 types of characteristics that could describe any surgical procedure. These characteristics were grouped in three classes: objects (topography/e.g. body system and body site, pathology, side, material); actions (procedure, extent, numeral) and methods (instrument, material, topography). Syntax rules are proposed as well as references to existing lexicons. This structure is mainly addressed to developers of classifications of procedures. It allows retrieval of monoaxial classifications through a multiaxial representation, logical rules for updating, as well as a method to compare existing classification systems. It is still in development and discussion.

Disease↗
PubMed1984

Computer-assisted urodynamics.

We have assembled a computer hardware system and have written software programs that convert analogue urodynamic input to digital data. This has allowed for 1) extremely accurate recording of urodynamic events with a higher frequency response than existing units, 2) data storage of urodynamic events in digital form on floppy disks, 3) retrieval and plotting of urodynamic studies during and at times remote from the study performance, and 4) manipulation of the parameters in the urodynamic study for patient care and research purposes. Software is now available for the performance of cystometrograms (volume, total pressure, intravesical pressure and dP/dt), electromyograms, flow studies and dynamic renal pelvic pressure testing. Programs are in the development phase for computer analysis of urodynamic studies.

Analog-Digital Conversion↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Basic science in digital imaging: storage and retrieval.

This practical discussion reviews the current methods available for digital image storage and retrieval. The organization of digital images is important to allow easy retrieval of the data in the future. Examples of several software programs that will catalogue and retrieve the images are demonstrated.

Diagnostic Imaging↗
PubMed2005

Missing prenatal records at a birth center: a communication problem quantified.

OBJECTIVES: To quantify the extent of missing prenatal records at the time of patient presentation to a birth center, to document the age of the information in those records, and to discover how quickly missing records were retrieved. METHOD: A survey form was completed over a three-month period for each patient presenting for care. RESULTS: Prenatal records were unavailable 37% of the time at initial presentation. Records were never obtained for 20% of patients. The median age of the prenatal record was 30 days for those records that were immediately available, and the median age was 5 days for those records that were retrieved later. It took a median of 1.4 hours to retrieve a missing re-cord. CONCLUSION: Prenatal records are frequently missing at the point-of-care, and even when records are avail-able or retrieved, the information contained within them is likely to be outdated. Further research is needed to quantify both the clinical and economic impact of this problem.

Birthing Centers↗
PubMed1998

Unknown primary tumors metastatic to liver.

PURPOSE: The objectives of this study were to identify prognostic factors for unknown primary tumor (UPT) patients with hepatic metastases, determine the common primary tumors identified, assess the yield of specific diagnostic studies, and evaluate the impact of therapy on survival. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The 1,522 patients analyzed were referred from January 1, 1987 through June 30, 1995. Clinical data from these patients were entered into a computerized database for storage, retrieval, and analysis. Survival was measured from the time of diagnosis; survival distribution was estimated by the product limit method. Multivariate survival analyses were performed by proportional hazards regression. RESULTS: Five hundred UPT patients had liver metastases. Primary tumors, usually lung, colorectal, or pancreatic neoplasms, were identified in 135 patients (27%). The remaining 365 unknown primary carcinoma (UPC) patients with liver involvement had a higher death rate than those without liver involvement (hazards ratio, 1.63; P < .0001). Neuroendocrine carcinoma patients had a lower death rate than patients without this histology (hazards ratio, 0.29; (P < .0001). Two hundred sixteen of 365 patients with UPC and liver metastases received chemotherapy. Chemotherapy-treated patients had a lower death rate than those who were not treated with chemotherapy (hazards ratio, 0.52; P < .0001). The effect of chemotherapy was most pronounced in patients with adenocarcinoma. CONCLUSION: Hepatic metastases in UPC patients portend a generally poor prognosis. However, subsets of patients with more favorable outcomes can be identified by available clinical and pathologic data. Chemotherapy may be beneficial for the large subset of UPC patients with adenocarcinoma that involves the liver.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1987

ARAMIS today: moving toward internationally distributed databank systems for follow-up studies.

The American Rheumatism Association Medical Information System (ARAMIS) is a consortium of North American rheumatic disease data banks. Founded in 1974, it has grown to include more than 16 centers, 22,000 patients, 140,000 patient encounters, and 80,000,000 observations. Traditionally, data storage and computer programs have resided on the IBM "2"-370 system at Stanford University. Distant peripheral centers have entered and retrieved data and performed analyses using proprietary long distance telephone networks. With growth, ARAMIS has placed strong emphasis on data quality and epidemiological soundness. "Core" groups at Stanford specifically address issues of quality control, biostatistics, health care economics, outcome assessment, study design, and administration. Advances in microcomputers and software has led ARAMIS to begin a migration from mainframe computing to distributed systems using IBM PC/XT/AT type computers and the Medlog software system. Substantial cost savings have been noted with distributed processing. The ability to easily transfer data and software forms a groundwork for international data banks and data exchange, but common vocabulary and common quality control procedures are essential for effective international cooperation and exchange.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed1999

Use of a computer software program for qualitative analyses--Part 1: Introduction to NUD.IST.

The NUD.IST (Non-numerical Unstructured Data Indexing, Searching, and Theorizing) program is recognized as one of the most efficient software programs for qualitative data analysis because it dramatically reduces the clerical tasks of cut and paste for coding and retrieval in text. However, little literature related to NUD.IST and its use in qualitative analysis is available to nurse researchers. Thus, the purposes of the first part of a two-part article are to describe the features of NUD.IST to nurse researchers and to present how NUD.IST was used in a qualitative study of dyspnea stimuli. In managing the qualitative data of dyspnea stimuli, NUD.IST 3.0 was effective in extracting, retrieving, and tracking text segments as well as identifying commonalties or patterns in data quickly.

Abstracting and Indexing↗
PubMed2005

EvDTree: structure-dependent substitution profiles based on decision tree classification of 3D environments.

BACKGROUND: Structure-dependent substitution matrices increase the accuracy of sequence alignments when the 3D structure of one sequence is known, and are successful e.g. in fold recognition. We propose a new automated method, EvDTree, based on a decision tree algorithm, for automatic derivation of amino acid substitution probabilities from a set of sequence-structure alignments. The main advantage over other approaches is an unbiased automatic selection of the most informative structural descriptors and associated values or thresholds. This feature allows automatic derivation of structure-dependent substitution scores for any specific set of structures, without the need to empirically determine best descriptors and parameters. RESULTS: Decision trees for residue substitutions were constructed for each residue type from sequence-structure alignments extracted from the HOMSTRAD database. For each tree cluster, environment-dependent substitution profiles were derived. The resulting structure-dependent substitution scores were assessed using a criterion based on the mean ranking of observed substitution among all possible substitutions and in sequence-structure alignments. The automatically built EvDTree substitution scores provide significantly better results than conventional matrices and similar or slightly better results than other structure-dependent matrices. EvDTree has been applied to small disulfide-rich proteins as a test case to automatically derive specific substitutions scores providing better results than non-specific substitution scores. Analyses of the decision tree classifications provide useful information on the relative importance of different structural descriptors. CONCLUSIONS: We propose a fully automatic method for the classification of structural environments and inference of structure-dependent substitution profiles. We show that this approach is more accurate than existing methods for various applications. The easy adaptation of EvDTree to any specific data set opens the way for class-specific structure-dependent substitution scores which can be used in threading-based remote homology searches.

Alanine↗
PubMed1992

A multinomial modeling analysis of the mnemonic benefits of bizarre imagery.

A series of experiments was conducted to explore the cognitive processes that mediate the bizarreness effect, that is, the finding that bizarre or unusual imagery is recalled better than common imagery. In all experiments, subjects were presented with noun pairs that were embedded within bizarre or common sentences in a mixed-list design. None of the experiments produced a bizarreness effect for cued recall; however, for two of the experiments, the bizarre noun pairs were remembered significantly better than the common pairs for free recall. To determine if these differences were due to the storage or retrieval of the items, a multinomial model for the analysis of imagery mediation in paired-associate learning was developed and applied to the data from the experiments. The model revealed that bizarre sentences benefited the retrieval of the noun pairs but not their storage within memory. The empirical and modeling results are discussed relative to previous findings and theories on the bizarreness effect.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Information storage and retrieval through quantum phase

Information was stored as quantum phase in an N-state Rydberg atom data register. One or more flipped states stored in an eight-state atomic wave packet could be retrieved in a single operation, in agreement with a recent proposal by Grover.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2004

Marginal median SOM for document organization and retrieval.

The self-organizing map algorithm has been used successfully in document organization. We now propose using the same algorithm for document retrieval. Moreover, we test the performance of the self-organizing map by replacing the linear Least Mean Squares adaptation rule with the marginal median. We present two implementations of the latter variant of the self-organizing map by either quantifying the real valued feature vectors to integer valued ones or not. Experiments performed using both implementations demonstrate a superior performance against the self-organizing map based method in terms of the number of training iterations needed so that the mean square error (i.e. the average distortion) drops to the e(-1) = 36.788% of its initial value. Furthermore, the performance of a document organization and retrieval system employing the self-organizing map architecture and its variant is assessed using the average recall-precision curves evaluated on two corpora; the first comprises of manually selected web pages over the Internet having touristic content and the second one is the Reuters-21578, Distribution 1.0.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2006

Bioinformatics for study of autoimmunity.

Recent years have witnessed an explosive growth in available biological data pertaining to autoimmunity research. This includes a tremendous quantity of sequence data (biological structures, genetic and physical maps, pathways, etc.) generated by genome and proteome projects plus extensive clinical and epidemiological data. Autoimmunity research stands to greatly benefit from this data so long as appropriate strategies are available to enable full access to and utilization of this data. The quantity and complexity of this biological data necessitates use of advanced bioinformatics strategies for its efficient retrieval, analysis and interpretation. Major progress has been made in development of specialized tools for storage, analysis and modeling of immunological data, and this has led to development of a whole new field know as immunoinformatics. With advances in novel high-throughput immunology technologies immunoinformatics is transforming understanding of how the immune system functions. This paper reviews advances in the field of immunoinformatics pertinent to autoimmunity research including databases, tools in genomics and proteomics, tools for study of B- and T-cell epitopes, integrative approaches, and web servers.

Allergy and Immunology↗
PubMed2003

AMID: autonomous modeler of intragenic duplication.

Intragenic duplication is an evolutionary process where segments of a gene become duplicated. While there has been much research into whole-gene or domain duplication, there have been very few studies of non-tandem intragenic duplication. The identification of intragenically replicated sequences may provide insight into the evolution of proteins, helping to link sequence data with structure and function. This paper describes a tool for autonomously modelling intragenic duplication. AMID provides: identification of modularly repetitive genes; an algorithm for identifying repeated modules; and a scoring system for evaluating the modules' similarity. An evaluation of the algorithms and use cases are presented.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1994

Relevance of the Human Genome Project to inherited metabolic disease.

The Human Genome Project is an international effort to identify the complete structure of the human genome. HUGO, the Human Genome Organization, facilitates international cooperation and exchange of information while the Genome Data Base will act as the on-line information retrieval and storage system for the huge amount of information being accumulated. The clinical register MIM (Mendelian Inheritance in Man) established by Victor McKusick is now an on-line resource that will allow biochemists working with inborn errors of metabolism to access the rapidly expanding body of knowledge. Biochemical and molecular genetics are complementary and should draw together to find solutions to the academic and clinical problems posed by inborn errors of metabolism.

Genetic Diseases, Inborn↗
PubMed1988

Using word processor text files as an active bibliography.

Data base systems for microcomputers are generally available. Most are reasonable priced and easy to use. Their disadvantages are restrictions placed on the amount of data stored in a single field, and the output format--usually tabular or label in style. This article describes the use of word processor text files as a data base allowing search and retrieval, with special reference to abstracting and storage of literature citations. Size of text entry and ultimate output format are extremely flexible using this method.

Information Systems↗