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The subcellular distribution of calcium-stimulated adenosine triphosphatase in the albino rabbit dental pulp was studied. The purity of the microsomal fraction was examined by measuring the marker enzymes and by electron microscopic observation. Some properties of calcium-stimulated adenosine triphosphatase were investigated.
Using a special semiconductor detector probe and the radiopharmacon DF32P, the author measured the blood supply in the dental pulp. To test the sensitivity of the measuring system, adrenaline was injected for the purpose of vasoconstriction. The resulting change in blood volume is demonstrated by measuring the decrease of the pulse rates during a given period of time.
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C-reactive protein (CRP), an acute phase protein synthesized by the liver, increases in serum as much as 3000 times above its normal level in response to acute inflammation. The purpose of this study was to determine whether CRP levels in dental pulps could be correlated with the histological disease status of the pulp and with systemic blood levels of CRP. Inflamed and necrotic pulps were extirpated during routine endodontic therapy. Normal pulps were removed from extracted, intact third molars. One half of each pulp specimen was placed in formalin for histological study; the other half was frozen for immunological study. A serum sample was obtained from each patient at the end of the dental visit. CRP levels were determined by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Pulps were categorized histologically as normal, inflamed, inflamed/necrotic, or necrotic. The correlation between CRP levels of pulp and serum was not significant. CRP levels of normal pulps differed significantly only from inflamed pulps (p less than 0.05, Dunnett). This increase in CRP appears to be a local phenomenon resulting from the interaction of CRP with various inflammatory mediators in the pulp.
Microfibrillar elements were isolated from developing and formed bovine dental pulp by a procedure involving bacterial collagenase tissue digestion and chromatography on Sepharose CL-2B. Two microfibrillar assemblies could be demonstrated. Type VI collagen microfibrils with a characteristic periodicity of about 100 nm appeared as long, thin, flexible filaments. In a number of cases these structures aggregated by lateral association. Microfibrils of 10-14 nm dia were identified as containing fibrillin on the basis of their distinctive, periodic, beaded morphology. In addition to long, single strands there were instances of chains coalescing to give amorphous aggregates. No differences in the type of microfibrillar assemblies were evident between developing and formed pulp, although fibrillin-containing microfibrils were more abundant in formed pulp.
Pulp tissue was obtained from clinically intact third molars and premolars, and from teeth affected by caries and periodontal disease. After incubation and homogenization, supernatants were centrifuged, sampled and assayed for lymphocyte activating factor-like activity using the thymidine-incorporated D10.G4.1 cell-line assay. Significantly higher levels of mitogenic activity were found in the pulp supernatants of symptomatic carious teeth, and in those of third molars with attendant pericoronitis, than in pulps from symptomatic and asymptomatic periodontally affected teeth and asymptomatic third molars and premolars. As both interleukin-1 (IL-1) and interleukin-2 (IL-2) may be involved in the proliferation of D10.G4.1 cells, supernatants from carious pulps were further tested for IL-2 activity using murine natural killer (NK) cells. Those that had elicited a proliferative response of D10.G4.1 cells did not enhance NK proliferation, indicating that the factor responsible for clonal replication of D10.G4.1 cells was IL-1. To confirm the presence of IL-1, immunohistochemistry using a monoclonal antibody to IL-1 was performed on frozen and paraffin-embedded sections of pulps from each group. IL-1 was immunolocalized within cells in pulps from the caries symptomatic group. The cell type producing IL-1 was further characterized as an alpha-naphthyl-acetate-esterase-positive macrophage within the connective tissue stroma of pulps from the caries symptomatic group. This novel demonstration of IL-1 and IL-1 producing cells in human dental pulp indicates the involvement of this mediator of inflammation in dental disease.
The authors have considered the per cent differences of lipidic content in Bos taurus dental pulp taken from differently aged animals. The studies have been carried out on 6-7 months fetus, on 1-2 years old animals (deciduous erupted tooth and developing non erupted permanent teeth) and on 8-10 years old animals. Moreover the percentages of free and esterified cholesterol, fatty free acids, triglycerides as well as different phospholipids have been calculated.
In the last few years our histology laboratory has worked in collaboration with Winchmore Hill Dental Practice in London in studying nitric oxide synthase (NOS) protein expression by the use of immunohistochemistry in dental pulps following orthodontic treatment (A. Gerbino et al. 2000; A. Gerbino et al 2001; A. Gerbino et al 2001.) The study has been carried out on samples taken from orthodontically treated and non-orthodontically treated teeth. The results suggest a close correlation between the duration of the orthodontic traction and the expression of the above-mentioned neurotransmitter (NO).
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of alkaline pH on calcification in human dental pulp (HDP) cells. HDP cells were cultured in pH 7.8 conditioned medium, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was measured. The ALP activity was higher in the pH 7.8 conditioned medium group than in the pH 7.2 conditioned medium group. Expression of mRNAs for bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2 was measured by the RT-PCR technique. The expression of BMP-2 in the pH 7.8 groups was greater than that in the pH 7.2 group. Furthermore, we determined Calcified nodule formation by von Kossa staining. The number of calcified nodules was increased in the pH 7.8 conditioned medium. These results suggest that HDP cell mineralization was enhanced in alkaline pH (pH 7.8) conditioned medium.
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Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
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We compared the gene expression profiles of human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) and bone marrow stromal stem cells (BMSSCs) as representative populations of odontoprogenitor and osteoprogenitor cells, respectively. Total RNA from primary cultures was reverse-transcribed to generate cDNA probes and then hybridized with the Research Genetics human gene microarray filter GF211. The microarrays were analyzed using the PATHWAYS software package. Human DPSCs and BMSSCs were found to have a similar level of gene expression for more than 4000 known human genes. A few differentially expressed genes, including collagen type XVIII alpha1, insulin-like growth factor-2 (IGF-2), discordin domain tyrosine kinase 2, NAD(P)H menadione oxidoreductase, homolog 2 of Drosophila large disk, and cyclin-dependent kinase 6 were highly expressed in DPSCs, whereas insulin-like growth factor binding protein-7 (IGFBP-7), and collagen type I alpha2 were more highly expressed in BMSSCs. Furthermore, we confirmed the differential expression of these genes by semiquantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and northern blot hybridization. The protein expression patterns for both IGF-2 and IGFBP-7 correlated with the differential mRNA levels seen between DPSCs and BMSSCs. This report describes the gene expression patterns of two distinct precursor populations associated with mineralized tissue, and provides a basis for further characterization of the functional roles for many of these genes in the development of dentin and bone.
Guaiacol, which is a phenolic compound with a methoxy group and used in traditional dental pulp sedation, has the property of inducing cell proliferation. To clarify these mechanisms of guaiacol, this study examined the hydroxyl radical (*OH) scavenging effects of guaiacol in vitro. Generation of *OH was carried out by the Fenton reaction using mixture of ascorbic acid, H2O2, and Fe(III)-EDTA, and *OH was detected by measuring the *OH-mediated production of degradation products of deoxyribose, which reacts with 2-thiobarbituric acid (TBA) and is relatively stable for a long time. At concentrations of 10(-10) M to 10(-3) M, guaiacol inhibited the TBA reactive substance (TBA-RS) formation in a dose-dependent manner. Phenol and formaldehyde were also found to inhibit the TBA-RS formation, but their inhibitory activities were lower than that of guaiacol. The concentrations of guaiacol, phenol, and formaldehyde needed to cause 50% inhibition of TBA-RS formation were approximately 5 x 10(-6), 5 x 10(-5), and 2 x 10(-3) M, respectively. In this reaction system, guaiacol showed no chelating reaction with ferrous ion and did not directly react with H2O2. Guaiacol also exhibited radical scavenging activity on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) stable free radical, but its scavenging activity was lower than that toward *OH. These results suggest that guaiacol is a potent scavenger of reactive oxygen radicals and that its radical scavenging activity may be associated with its effect on cell proliferation.