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At least 757 records · Page 42Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

[Prospectives for using the extracorporeal connection of a xenospleen in treating patients with liver cirrhosis and obstructive jaundice complicated by liver failure].

Results of using extracorporeal connection of the hog spleen for detoxication and correction of immune disorders in 73 patients with severe forms of hepatic insufficiency are analyzed. It was shown that extraorganic connection of the xenospleen in complex with other methods of treatment considerably improved results of the operative intervention for liver cirrhosis and obstructive jaundice. However, the results obtained were noted in patients with the I-II stages of hepatic insufficiency.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Biohemosorption on xenospleen as a method for detoxication in burns].

Extracorporal inclusion of the porcine spleen was used in 180 patients with burns of the III A-B-IV degrees with the square area of burns from 25% to 95% of the body surface. The age of the patients was from 1 to 60 years. Critical trauma was diagnosed in 48 patients, supercritical--in 132 patients. The total amount of procedures was 310. Positive dynamics in the course of the burn disease was observed after biohemosorption; decrease of the body temperature, of intoxication delirium symptoms, of respiratory insufficiency. The state of the burn wounds was improved. It was stated that the liver function became better, indicators of nonspecific factors of defense, cellular and humoral links of immunity were increased, a tendency to normalization of lipid metabolism was noted. Positive results were obtained in 43 of 48 with critical trauma. Recovery took place in 52 of 132 patients with supercritical traumas.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Fulminant liver failure: clinical and experimental study.

Clinical experience of some newer methods of hepatic support is described. The results are unpredictable and far from satisfactory. The need for an animal model in which potential therapeutic methods can be studied is emphasized. Such a model based on carefully imposed ischaemic insult to the liver in the absence of portacaval shunting is described. It is suggested that bacterial presence in the bowel together with a depression of the liver reticuloendothelial function plays an important part in the early and rapid mortality of acute liver failure. Temporary auxiliary liver transplantation using an allograft or a closely related primate heterograft seem to be the 2 best available methods of hepatic support for potentially reversible acute liver failure.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Organ distribution of canine leukocytes labeled with 99mTc-sulfur colloid.

Previous reports have shown that scintigraphic localization of acute inflammation can be achieved using autologous leukocytes labeled in vitro with 99mTc-sulfur colloid (TcSC). The technique is limited, however, by a marked accumulation of radioactivity in the lungs and liver of normal animals. A modified procedure was developed using preparations of TcSC of small particle size to label blood leukocytes in vitro. Markedly decreased levels of lung and liver radioactivity and elevated levels of blood radioactivity were found after intravenous infusion of autologous canine leukocytes labeled by this method. These leukocytes could be used to image areas of acute inflammation resulting from induction of septic or sterile venous thrombi.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The immunological and morphological aspects of hemoperfusion with pig donor spleen in treating psoriasis patients].

The present paper focuses on the immunological and morphological aspects of extracorporal joining up of donor porcine spleen in the treatment of psoriasis. It has been ascertained that extracorporal joining up of donor porcine in the treatment of psoriasis makes for normalization of bodily immunologic reactivity leading to regression of psoriatic eruptions.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The clinico-immunological characteristics of the treatment of patients with a severe course of bronchial asthma using the method of the extracorporeal incorporation of pig donor spleen].

A comprehensive clinical-and-immunological evaluation was done of efficiency of treatment of patients with severe forms of bronchial asthma (BA) by hemosorption through donor porcine spleen, xenosorption (XS), in 63 patients. XS was found out to have a marked positive clinical effect manifested by a considerable decrease of frequency of asphyxiation bouts and amounts of inhalation broncholytics being taken within the first 24 hours after the procedure. By day 14 from the start of XS we succeeded in lowering the systemic corticosteroids maintenance dose on the average 2.5 times as little. Positive clinical dynamics correlated with positive immunologic changes which revealed themselves in normalization of numbers as well as functional activity of T-cells, rise in T-helpers, normalization of content of serum immunoglobulins A, M and G, with the parameters characterizing the system of phagocytosis approaching the norm, the processes of autoimmunization getting more attenuated.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1997

Cardiovascular and antiarrhythmic effects of the azulene-1-carboxamidine derivative N1,N1-dimethyl-N2-(2-pyridylmethyl)-5-isopropyl-3, 8-dimethylazulene-1-carboxamidine.

The azulene-1-carboxamidine derivative N1,N1-Dimethyl-N2-(2- pyridylmethyl)-5-isopropyl-3,8-dimethyl-azulene-1-carboxamidine (CAS 186086-10-2, HNS-32) is a newly synthesized compound. In the present study, direct cardiovascular effects of HNS-32 were assessed using the canine isolated, blood-perfused sinoatrial node, papillary muscle and atrioventricular node preparations, while the antiarrhythmic action was examined using the canine two-stage coronary ligation-induced arrhythmia model. Intracoronary administration of HNS-32 (1-300 micrograms) suppressed the sinus nodal automaticity and ventricular contractile force, while it increased the atrio-His and His-ventricular conduction time as well as the coronary blood flow. Intravenous administration of HNS-32 (5 mg/kg) suppressed the ventricular arrhythmia for approximately 30 min. Since HNS-32 possesses multiple cardiac direct effects which are unique compared with well-established antiarrhythmic drugs, it may become a leading compound in the search for novel antiarrhythmic agents.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Lack of radioimmunodetection and complications associated with monoclonal anticarcinoembryonic antigen antibody cross-reactivity with an antigen on circulating cells.

Characterization of several high-affinity murine monoclonal anticarcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) antibodies suggested good specificity except for cross-reactivity with an antigen on granulocytes and erythrocytes which was different from the previously described normal cross-reacting antigen of granulocytes. In vivo studies in athymic mice using an indium conjugate of an anti-CEA monoclonal antibody (MoAb) revealed excellent specific uptake in colorectal carcinoma xenografts. Studies were conducted in humans to determine the limitations produced by the cross-reactivity with granulocytes and erythrocytes. Patients with metastatic colorectal cancer received 3 to 6 mg of anti-CEA MoAb over 10 min or 2 hr. In five of six trials, the MoAb infusion was associated with a 40 to 90% decrease in circulating granulocytes and systemic toxicity including fever, rigors, and emesis. One patient had no change in cell count and had no toxicity. Radionuclide scans with 111In-anti-CEA MoAb showed marked uptake in the spleen when cells were eliminated, and in the liver, especially when pretreatment CEA levels were high. Metastatic tumor sites failed to concentrate the isotope. This study emphasizes the potential limitations for radioimmunodetection and/or radioimmunotherapy imposed by reactivity with circulating cells, and suggests that certain toxic reactions associated with MoAb infusions are related to destruction of circulating cells rather than allergic reactions to mouse protein. It also emphasizes how variables such as dose and binding affinity of antibody, radioisotope used, and assessment at different observation points can obscure lack of antibody specificity.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Circulating TGF-beta1 does not cross the intact blood-brain barrier.

Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) from the periphery can cross the disrupted blood-brain barrier (BBB) to exert neuroprotective effects on the brain. Here, we quantify its permeation across the normal mouse BBB. By high-performance liquid chromatography, we show that TGF-beta1 is stable in circulating blood but does not cross the intact BBB after intravenous injection any faster than the vascular marker 99mTc-albumin. This poor rate of influx cannot be explained by rapid efflux out of the brain or lack of lipophilicity as measured by the octanol/buffer partition coefficient, although the hydrogen bonding potential was relatively high, consistent with poor penetration. Thus, the therapeutic potential of TGF-beta1 administered in blood is probably limited to situations in which the BBB has been disrupted.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Protective effects of E5, an antiendotoxin monoclonal antibody, in the ovine pulmonary circulation.

The cross-protective effects of a murine immunoglobulin M monoclonal antilipid A antibody (E5 MAb) were tested by challenging awake sheep with mixtures of in vitro incubated E5 MAb (0.02 mg/kg) with lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 0.02 micrograms/kg) derived from Escherichia coli O111:B4, E. coli O55:B5, or Serratia marcescens. Intravenous infusion of these LPS preparations without antibody into awake sheep produced a similar pattern of fever, leukopenia, plasma thromboxane B2 (TxB2) release, and acute pulmonary vasoconstriction with pulmonary hypertension. The addition of MAb E5 to LPS from E. coli O111:B4 reduced these responses to the LPS in a fashion comparable to that achieved with an MAb specific to the E. coli O111:B4 O-side chain. Incubation of LPS derived from E. coli O55:B5 with the E5 MAb only slightly diminished acute pulmonary hypertension, the delayed temperature increase, and the degree of leukopenia (all P = NS) but reduced the mean peak TxB2 at 60 min (P < 0.05) compared with a control infusion of E. coli O55:B5 LPS. We were unable to demonstrate any protective effects on the pulmonary circulation from incubating E5 with LPS derived from S. marcescens. Preincubation of B55 MAb (a murine immunoglobulin M MAb directed against a human milk fat globulin), the control antibody, with LPS from E. coli 0111:B4 decreased the mean peak TxB2 but had no effect on the other parameters. We conclude that incubating E5 with LPS protects the pulmonary circulation of sheep from challenge with LPS derived from the parent E. coli strain. There were trends toward protection by E5 against LPS from 055:B5 E. coli, but these did not reach statistical significance.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Run training versus cross-training: effect of increased training on circulating leukocyte subsets.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of increased training via cross-training (run + cycle) and run training on circulating leukocyte subsets. Male runners (N = 11) participated in two randomly assigned increased training (IT) periods after 30 d of normal training (NT). Each IT began after a 14 d period of reduced training (80% of NT) followed by 10 d of IT (200% of NT). During IT, the subjects ran in the afternoon for 10 d (100% NT) and performed 8 additional training sessions in the morning (100% NT) on a treadmill (ITRT) or a bicycle ergometer (ITCT). Blood samples were obtained before (D0), on day 5(D5) and after 10 d (D11) of ITRT and ITCT. A significant increase in the CD4+/CD8+ ratio occurred at D5 compared with D0 and D11. The CD4+/CD8+ ratio was significantly lower during ITRT compared with ITCT at D11. The number of circulating CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ cells were significantly reduced at D11 compared with D0. In conclusion, 10 d of IT resulted in a significant reduction in the number of circulating T cells independent of the training mode and a reduction in the CD4+/CD8+ ratio for ITRT but not for ITCT.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Monitoring somatosensory evoked potentials during carotid endarterectomy].

The tromboembolic and ischemic events during carotid endarterectomy can be avoided or detected with appropriate monitoring. Median nerve somatosensory evoked potentials recorded from the parietal cortex correlate with the blood flow in the middle cerebral artery. The good evoked responses after cross-clamping of the carotid artery indicate a sufficient collateral circulation, enabling a surgery without shunt, thus minimizing the risk of embolisation. Insufficient collateral circulation after cross-camping results in an amplitude reduction of the parietal N20-P25 complex of more than 50%. In this case an ischemic event can be prevented by shunting. As a total 83 carotid endarterectomies were done. In 65 cases (78.3%) the evoked potentials showed no significant alteration, and no postoperative neurological deficit occurred. Seven patients (8.45%) needed to be operated with a shunt, because of cross-clamping ischaemia. One of them presented a transient postoperative hemiparesis, which was predicted by the long-term loss of the SEP-s, and which resolved within 4 hours. Seven further patients (8.45%)--operated primarily with shunt, and 4 patients (4.8%)--monitored with transcranial Doppler sonography, showed no postoperative neurological deficit. We found that median nerve somatosensory evoked potential monitoring during carotid endarterectomy is a simple, sensitive and reliable method.

Arteriovenous Shunt, Surgical↗