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PubMed2006

Driving cessation and consumption expenses in the later years.

OBJECTIVES: This study examined the association between consumption and driving status among older persons within the context of selected variables, including self-rated health and functional status. METHODS: The data were from the 1998, 2000, and 2002 Health and Retirement Study and the 2003 Health and Retirement Study Consumption and Activities Mail Survey. We conducted Tobit regression analyses on five consumption categories of basic needs (such as food) and higher order needs (such as trips and dining out). RESULTS: Consumption and driving status were significantly associated, showing that driving cessation was related to a 46% to 63% reduction in spending on trips, tickets, and dining out. Another significant relationship emerged between consumption and having never driven. Driving cessation was minimally related to consumption of basic needs (such as food and clothing) and was more strongly associated with higher order needs (such as trips). DISCUSSION: The findings demonstrate the association between older people's driving status and consumption, specifically higher order activities. Older persons who drive and, presumably, have more opportunities to go to stores, restaurants, and other outside events, spend more on food, tickets, and dining out than those who cease driving or have never driven. Although the direction of causality remains unclear, these findings have implications for those concerned with alternative transportation resources for older adults.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

Risk of uterine leiomyomata in relation to tobacco, alcohol and caffeine consumption in the Black Women's Health Study.

BACKGROUND: Tobacco, alcohol and caffeine consumption may influence risk of uterine leiomyomata via changes in ovarian function or hormone metabolism. METHODS: We prospectively assessed the relation of these exposures to risk of self-reported uterine leiomyomata in the Black Women's Health Study. From 1997 to 2001, we followed 21,885 premenopausal women with intact uteri and no prior myoma diagnosis. Cox regression models were used to estimate incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS: During 73,426 person-years of follow-up, 2177 incident cases of uterine leiomyomata confirmed by ultrasound (n = 1920) or hysterectomy (n = 257) were reported. Cigarette smoking was not associated with risk of uterine leiomyomata. Risk was positively associated with years of alcohol consumption and current consumption of alcohol, particularly beer. Relative to non-drinkers, multivariate IRRs for beer consumption of < 1, 1-6 and 7+ drinks/week were 1.11 (95% CI 0.98-1.27), 1.18 (95% CI 1.00-1.40) and 1.57 (95% CI 1.17-2.11), respectively. Heavy coffee and caffeine consumption were not associated with risk overall, but IRRs were increased among women aged < 35 years. CONCLUSIONS: In US black women, risk of uterine leiomyomata was positively associated with current consumption of alcohol, particularly beer. Cigarette smoking and caffeine consumption were unrelated to risk overall.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Bladder cancer and coffee consumption in smokers and non-smokers in Spain.

The association between coffee consumption and bladder cancer was investigated in a multi-centre case-control study conducted in Spain from 1983 to 1986. A total of 497 cases (438 male and 59 female) with histopathologically confirmed bladder cancer were used in the analysis along with 566 hospital controls and 547 population controls. Odds ratios (OR), adjusted for age, province of residence, occupations at risk, consumption of artificial sweeteners and cigarette smoking, did not show any association between coffee consumption and bladder cancer for either sex. However, in non-smokers and mainly in males, for current coffee drinkers the OR was 2.78 (95% [Cl]: 0.78-9.87), while for drinkers of 2-7, 8-14 and > or = 15 cups/week the respective OR were 2.22, 3.11 and 1.87 with a dose-response relationship for lifelong consumption and years of exposure to regular coffee consumption. The OR in male non-smokers and current coffee drinkers were 2.36 (95% Cl: 0.62-9.05) with population controls only and 1.94, 2.58 and 1.48 for the corresponding levels of intensity of consumption (cups/week). The associations observed in non-smokers suggest the existence of a possible association between coffee consumption and bladder cancer, but are based on small numbers and need to be confirmed in larger studies.

Case-Control Studies↗
PubMed1994

Coffee consumption: relationship to blood lipids in middle-aged women.

BACKGROUND: There is controversy about the relationship between coffee intake and blood lipids in women and many studies fail to control for potential confounding factors. METHODS: In 1983 and 1984, 541 randomly selected premenopausal women were recruited from a list of licenced drivers, aged 42-50, within selected areas in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania. They were invited to participate in a 5-year study of biological and behavioural changes associated with menopause. At baseline and the first follow-up visit, lipoprotein, lipid and apoprotein levels, physical activity, dietary intake and coffee consumption were measured. Pearson correlations between coffee consumption and the various lipid values were calculated. Multivariate analyses, which controlled for the potential confounding effects of body mass index, alcohol intake, percent of calories from carbohydrate and fat, number of cigarettes smoked per day, physical activity level, and age in months, were also employed to investigate the relationships. RESULTS: Mean coffee consumption for the group was 3.35 cups of coffee per day at baseline and 3.02 cups per day at follow-up. Results of analyses of correlation between coffee consumption and blood lipids as well as multiple regressions to control for menopausal status at follow-up were non-significant (P > 0.05) for all blood lipid values with the exception of triglycerides, which were inversely related to coffee consumption at follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: These results do not support a relationship between coffee consumption and lipoprotein, lipid or apoprotein levels with the exception of an inverse relationship between coffee consumption and triglyceride level at follow-up.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Olestra consumption does not predict serum concentrations of carotenoids and fat-soluble vitamins in free-living humans: early results from the sentinel site of the olestra post-marketing surveillance study.

In 1996, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved olestra, a fat substitute, for use in snack foods. Previous studies had shown that olestra consumption could reduce absorption of carotenoids and fat-soluble vitamins. To determine the association between consumption of olestra-containing snack foods and serum concentrations of carotenoids and fat-soluble vitamins in a free-living population, we interviewed independent population-based cross-sectional samples of 1043 adults before olestra was available and 933 adults 9 mo after olestra snacks were introduced into the marketplace in Marion County, IN, the first major test market for olestra. A cohort composed of 403 adults from the first survey, oversampling those most frequently reporting olestra consumption during follow-up telephone interviews, completed a second survey. We assessed diet, lifestyle factors and olestra consumption, and collected blood for assays for the serum concentrations of six carotenoids, four fat-soluble vitamins and lipids. Nine months after the introduction of olestra into the marketplace, 15.5% of Marion County residents reported consuming an olestra-containing snack in the previous month, with a median frequency among consumers of 3.0 times per month. There were no significant associations or consistent trends for decreased serum carotenoids or fat-soluble vitamins associated with olestra consumption, although cohort members consuming >/=2 g/d of olestra had adjusted total serum carotenoids 15% lower compared with baseline. There were increases in serum vitamin K concentrations associated with olestra consumption (P = 0.03 in the cross section and P = 0.06 in the cohort). In summary, there was no statistically significant evidence in this free-living population of associations between olestra consumption and decreased serum concentrations of carotenoids and fat-soluble vitamins.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

The J-shaped effect of coffee consumption on the risk of developing acute coronary syndromes: the CARDIO2000 case-control study.

The effect of coffee consumption on cardiovascular disease has been debated for many years. In this work, we evaluated the association between coffee consumption and the risk of developing acute coronary syndromes, based on a random sample of 848 patients with their first coronary heart disease event and 1078 frequency-matched controls with no cardiovascular disease in their medical history, from the entire country. The multivariate analysis raises a J-shaped association between the risk of developing acute coronary syndromes and the quantity of coffee consumed per day. In particular, the odds ratios for moderate (<300 mL/d), heavy (300-600 mL/d), and very heavy (>600 mL/d), consumption, relative to no consumption, were 0.69 (95% CI, 0.50-0.86), 1.56 (95% CI, 1.10-2.34) and 3.10 (95% CI, 1.82-5.26), respectively, after controlling for the presence of hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes mellitus, family history of premature coronary heart disease, physical activity status, smoking habits, BMI, alcohol consumption, triglycerides, consumption of several food items, depression scale score and education status. The suggested J-shaped association between coffee consumption and the risk of developing acute coronary syndromes may partially explain the conflicting results from other studies in the past.

Aged↗
PubMed2003

Using a correction factor to correct for overreporting in a food-frequency questionnaire does not improve biomarker-assessed validity of estimates for fruit and vegetable consumption.

To correct for overreporting of fruit and vegetable (FV) consumption in a food-frequency questionnaire, summary questions about consumption of main FV groups are often used to calculate correction factors. This study compared the ability to rank people according to their FV intake of those summary questions and the sum of questions on individual FV items within categories, and of corrected or uncorrected estimates of specific sorts of FV. Healthy middle-age women (n = 161) completed a food-frequency questionnaire about FV consumption during the previous month and gave a single fasting blood sample. Correction factors were calculated as the reported frequency on a summary question divided by the summed frequencies of all items in a category. Plasma carotenoids and vitamin C served as biomarkers of FV consumption. Significant correlations between FV consumption and biomarkers were observed (e.g., Spearman's correlation coefficient r with total carotenoids/vitamin C: 0.32/0.34 for vegetables, 0.30/0.25 for fruits). Summary estimates of cooked, raw and total vegetable consumption correlated higher with biomarkers than sum estimates. For fruits no differences in correlations between sum and summary estimates were observed. Applying a correction factor on the consumption of carrots and total cabbage resulted in lower correlations with relevant biomarkers. For broccoli/cauliflower, Brussels sprouts and citrus fruits, correlations with biomarkers did not change after correction. We conclude that summary questions may suffice to rank individuals according to their intake of main FV categories, and that correction for overreporting of individual FV items is probably not advisable when ranking individuals according to intake of these items.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Consumption of foods rich in flavonoids is related to a decreased cardiovascular risk in apparently healthy French women.

A high consumption of flavonoids may lower cardiovascular risk through their antioxidant capacity. This study evaluated the relation between consumption of foods rich in flavonoids and estimated cardiovascular risk. A cross-sectional analysis was performed in 1286 women and 1005 men of the SU.VI.MAX Study (an 8-y trial evaluating the effect of antioxidant supplementation on the incidence of major chronic diseases). Dietary intakes were estimated using six 24-h dietary records collected during the year between the clinical measurement of blood pressure, weight and height and the biological measurement of total serum cholesterol and fasting plasma glucose. The relation between flavonoid rich food consumption and cardiovascular risk factors was evaluated with analyses of covariance and the effect on cardiovascular risk with logistic regression analyses. In women, flavonoid-rich food consumption was inversely related to systolic blood pressure (P = 0.005). No relation between risk factors and flavonoid-rich food consumption was seen in men. Women in the highest tertile of flavonoid-rich food consumption were at lower risk for cardiovascular disease [odds ratio (OR): 0.31; 95%CI: 0.14, 0.68], whereas a positive tendency was seen in men (OR: 1.38; 95%CI: 0.96, 2.00). These results indicate that in women, a high consumption of flavonoid-rich foods may prevent cardiovascular disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption as risk factors for colorectal adenomatous polyps.

BACKGROUND: Results of epidemiologic studies suggest that there is limited evidence for the association between cigarette smoking and risk of colorectal cancer. Cigarette smoking has been shown to increase the risk of colorectal adenomatous polyps, which are recognized as precursors of colorectal cancer, while few studies have examined the association between alcohol consumption and the development of adenomatous polyps. PURPOSE: We examined the association between cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, and the presence of colorectal adenomatous polyps. METHODS: Analyses were based on data from a case-control study of dietary and other lifestyle factors for colorectal adenomatous polyps. We assessed the risk of adenomatous polyps associated with total number of years of smoking, number of cigarettes smoked per day, and pack-years of smoking for past and current smokers separately. We also assessed the joint association between cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption on the risk of adenomatous polyps. RESULTS: Current smokers who smoked more than 20 pack-years were at significantly higher risk of adenomatous polyps compared with never smokers (odds ratio [OR] = 2.56; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.28-5.14). Past smokers also had an increased risk of having adenomatous polyps, but no clear trend was observed for pack-years of smoking. Alcohol consumption was positively associated with risk of adenomatous polyps. Compared with nondrinkers, the strongest risk was observed for individuals who consumed 2.31-9.46 g alcohol per day (OR = 2.23; 95% CI = 1.29-3.83), and a decrease in risk was observed for individuals who consumed 9.47-67.36 g alcohol per day (OR = 1.63; 95% CI = 0.92-2.88). Among current smokers, a joint effect was observed for individuals who smoked and drank compared with those who never smoked and were not current drinkers (OR = 4.21; 95% CI = 1.88-9.41). For past smokers, a significant joint effect of smoking and current alcohol consumption was also observed, but the risk was not as strong as that for current smokers (OR = 2.61; 95% CI = 1.40-4.87). CONCLUSIONS: These data provide further evidence of the positive association between cigarette smoking and the development of colorectal adenomatous polyps. The combination of cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption increased the risk of adenomatous polyps. IMPLICATIONS: Future research should focus on the understanding of the role of cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption as these two factors relate to the evolution of colorectal adenomatous polyps and subsequent carcinogenesis.

Adenomatous Polyposis Coli↗
PubMed2002

Alcohol consumption and risk of lung cancer: the Framingham Study.

BACKGROUND: Reports on the association between alcohol consumption and the risk of lung cancer have been inconsistent. The purpose of this study was to assess this association in a cohort study. METHODS: This study included 4265 participants in the original population-based Framingham Study cohort and 4973 subjects in the offspring cohort. Alcohol consumption data were collected periodically for both cohorts. We used the risk sets method to match control subjects to each case patient based on age, sex, smoking variables, and year of birth. We used a conditional logistic regression model to estimate the relative risk of lung cancer according to alcohol consumption. RESULTS: Alcohol consumption was generally light to moderate (i.e., <12 g/day) in both cohorts. During mean follow-ups of 32.8 years in the original and 16.2 years in the offspring cohorts, 269 cases of lung cancer occurred. In categories of total alcohol consumption of 0, 0.1-12, 12.1-24, and greater than 24 g/day, the crude incidence rates of lung cancer were 7.4, 13.6, 16.4, and 25.2 cases per 10 000 person-years, respectively, in the original cohort and 6.6, 4.3, 7.9, and 12.3 cases per 10 000 person-years, respectively, in the offspring cohort. However, after adjustment for age, sex, pack-years of smoking, smoking status, and year of birth in a multivariable conditional logistic regression model, relative risks for lung cancer from the lowest to the highest category of alcohol consumption were 1.0 (referent), 1.0 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.5 to 2.1), 1.0 (95% CI = 0.5 to 2.3), and 1.1 (95% CI = 0.5 to 2.3), respectively, in the original cohort and 1.0, 1.4 (95% CI = 0.5 to 3.6), 1.1 (95% CI = 0.3 to 3.6), and 2.0 (95% CI = 0.7 to 5.7), respectively, in the offspring cohort. CONCLUSION: Alcohol consumption among subjects in the Framingham Study, most of whom were light to moderate drinkers, was not statistically significantly associated with the risk of lung cancer.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2004

Alcohol consumption and the risk of bladder cancer in the Framingham Heart Study.

The association between alcohol consumption and bladder cancer is controversial. We used data from 10,125 participants in the Framingham Heart Study to assess the association between total and beverage-specific alcohol consumption and the risk of bladder cancer. For each case of bladder cancer, up to five control subjects were selected and matched on major confounders using a risk set method. We used conditional logistic regression to assess the risk of bladder cancer according to categories of alcohol consumption. During a mean follow-up of 27.3 +/- 10.1 years, there were 126 incident cases of bladder cancer. There was no statistically significant association between alcohol consumption and risk of bladder cancer (P(trend) =.3). In beverage-specific analyses, beer consumption was associated with a reduced risk of bladder cancer (P(trend) =.03), whereas wine (P(trend) =.7) and spirit (P(trend) =.2) consumption were not. Our data suggest that total and beverage-specific alcohol consumption are not associated with an increased risk of bladder cancer.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Coffee, tea, and caffeine consumption and incidence of colon and rectal cancer.

BACKGROUND: Frequent coffee consumption has been associated with a reduced risk of colorectal cancer in a number of case-control studies. Cohort studies have not revealed such an association but were limited in size. We explored the association between consumption of coffee and tea and the incidence of colorectal cancer in two large prospective cohorts of women and men. METHODS: We used data from the Nurses' Health Study (women) and the Health Professionals' Follow-up Study (men). Consumption of coffee and tea and total caffeine intake were assessed and updated in 1980, 1984, 1986, 1990, and 1994 among women and in 1986, 1990, and 1994 among men. The incidence of cancer of the colon or rectum was ascertained through 1998. Hazard ratios were calculated using Cox proportional hazards models that adjusted for potential confounders. All tests of statistical significance were two-sided. RESULTS: During almost 2 million person-years of follow-up, 1438 cases of colorectal cancer were observed. Consumption of caffeinated coffee or tea with caffeine or caffeine intake was not associated with the incidence of colon or rectal cancer in either cohort. For both cohorts combined, the covariate-adjusted hazard ratio for colorectal cancer associated with consumption of each additional cup of caffeinated coffee was 0.99 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.96 to 1.03). However, participants who regularly consumed two or more cups of decaffeinated coffee per day had a 52% (95% CI = 19% to 71%) lower incidence of rectal cancer than those who never consumed decaffeinated coffee. CONCLUSIONS: Consumption of caffeinated coffee, tea with caffeine, or caffeine was not associated with incidence of colon of rectal cancer, whereas regular consumption of decaffeinated coffee was associated with a reduced incidence of rectal cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Moderate wine consumption protects against hydrogen peroxide-induced DNA damage.

We have tested the hypothesis that moderate wine drinking can protect somatic cells against the DNA-damaging effect of hydrogen peroxide which is an endogenous source of reactive oxygen metabolites. In this preliminary investigation, four male volunteers were placed on a plant-polyphenol-free (PPF) diet to ensure that the wine provided was the only main source of plant phenolic compounds. After 48 h on the PPF diet the volunteers were required to consume 300 ml of red or white wine and blood samples collected 1, 3, 8 and 24 h post-consumption while still on a PPF diet. Plasma was isolated from the blood samples and stored frozen for subsequent assays. In the subsequent assays, fresh lymphocytes from each donor were incubated in their corresponding plasma from the various intervention time-points for 30 min. The capacity of the plasma to prevent damage to DNA in lymphocytes by hydrogen peroxide was assessed using the cytokinesis-block micronucleus technique. The data from this preliminary investigation indicated that there was a strong inhibition (>70%) of hydrogen peroxide-induced micronucleated cells by the plasma samples from the blood collected 1 h after consumption of wine as compared to plasma samples from blood immediately before the consumption of wine. This protective effect was apparent for both red and white wine although statistical significance (P = 0.0068) was achieved only in the white wine intervention. A higher degree of statistical significance (P = 0.0008) was achieved when the data for samples following the consumption of red and white wine were combined. There was no difference in the hydrogen-peroxide-induced micronucleated cell frequency when comparing results immediately before starting on the PPF diet, before consumption of wine, 8 h after or 24 h after wine consumption. The hydrogen peroxide-induced micronucleated cell frequency in cells incubated with plasma from blood collected 3 h after wine consumption was intermediate to that observed for plasma after 1 and 8 h after wine intake. The protective effect of plasma against DNA damage cannot be readily explained by the red wine content of phenolic compounds because results for red wine were similar to those for white wine even though white wine had a much lower level of total polyphenols. A possible explanation could be that alcohol, glycerol and ascorbate in wine together with specific wine phenolic compounds that are also equally present in red and white wine (e.g. hydroxycinnamates) may have contributed to the observed protection of nuclear material from hydrogen peroxide-derived reactive oxygen metabolites. This explanation is supported by data from in vitro experiments showing that incubation of lymphocytes either with alcohol or wine stripped of phenolic compounds resulted in a statistically significant (P < 0.05) dose-related reduction (up to 87% reduction) in hydrogen peroxide-induced micronucleated cell frequency.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Water consumption by broilers in high cyclic temperatures: bell versus nipple waterers.

Broilers were maintained on litter in environmental chambers to study water consumption from bell and nipple waterers. The chambers were set at high cyclic temperatures of either 24-35-24 C or 24-32-24 C daily cycles in three trials. Water consumption was recorded by computer each 30 min and calculated as a percentage of body weight. Daily water consumption from nipples was always less than from bell waterers. Water consumption by quarter-day revealed that consumption from nipples was often similar to that from bell waterers during the lowest temperatures but was less during the periods of highest temperatures. Further study revealed that water consumption from nipple waterers was related to the height of the nipples such that consumption was greater for lower nipples. The results suggest that panting broilers have difficulty drinking from high nipple waterers.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1998

The relationships of body temperature to weight gain, feed consumption, and feed utilization in broilers under heat stress.

Commercial broiler males were used to evaluate body temperature response to heat stress and its relationship to gain, feed consumption, and feed conversion ratio. Individual gain, feed consumption, and feed conversion ratio were obtained from 28 to 49 d in a heat stress environment (32 C) and compared to a 21 C environment. Body temperatures were measured at 28, 35, and 42 d, then daily from 43 to 48 d, and correlated with 28 to 49 d gain, feed consumption, and feed conversion ratio. Feather cover was measured at 51 d of age as a percentage of BW. Initial 28-d body temperature was not significantly different between 21 and 32 C. Body temperature was significantly higher in the 32 C environment after 7 d of heat stress and was significantly higher than at 21 C at all points through 21 d of heat stress, with mean differences ranging from 0.5 to 1.0 C. Feather weight as a percentage of BW was significantly greater in the 21 C environment (6.22%) than the 32 C environment (5.03%). Mortality was not affected by the heat stress environment. Correlations between body temperature and gain, feed consumption, and feed conversion ratio were low and nonsignificant for most periods in the 21 C environment. In the 32 C environment, body temperature was significantly correlated with gain, feed consumption, and feed conversion ratio after 7 d of heat stress, with mean correlations of -0.40 for gain, -0.31 for feed consumption, and 0.24 for feed conversion ratio in Replicate 1 and -0.44 for gain, -0.40 for feed consumption, and 0.43 for feed conversion ratio in Replicate 2.

Aging↗
PubMed1992

Tap or bottled water consumption and spontaneous abortion in a case-control study of reporting consistency.

A recent case-control study of 1,926 women found a slightly increased risk of spontaneous abortion associated with reported consumption of tapwater and a decreased risk with reported consumption of bottled water. In a case-control study of spontaneous abortion designed to examine the consistency of prenatal exposure reporting, the association of spontaneous abortion with tap or bottled water consumption was also examined. Cases of spontaneous abortion (N = 100) were ascertained from hospital pathology reports, and pregnant controls (N = 200) were obtained from obstetrical appointment logs. Subjects were first interviewed approximately 24 weeks after their last menstrual period and again approximately 48 weeks after their last menstrual period. Neither an increased risk for spontaneous abortion associated with consumption of tapwater nor a protective effect for consumption of bottled water was observed. Changes in reporting of tapwater consumption from the first to the second interview suggest the possibility of differential reporting in cases and controls. There was no evidence suggesting biased reporting of bottled water consumption.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed2002

Consumption of non-alcoholic beverages and prostate cancer risk.

Our objective was to investigate the relations between the consumption of coffee, tea and carbonated beverages and the development of prostate cancer. The design was a population-based case-control study set in Montreal. The analysis was restricted to the subset of men, aged 45-70 years, who underwent interviews in which aspects of lifelong consumption of non-alcoholic beverages were ascertained. There were 399 incident cases of prostate cancer, 476 population controls and 621 cancer controls. There was no association between the consumption of either coffee or carbonated beverages and the development of prostate cancer. Among daily tea drinkers, the odds ratio associated with the highest tertile of cumulative consumption was 2.0 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.3-3.0) when using population controls and 1.6 (95% CI 1.0-2.4) when using cancer controls. In conclusion, the consumption of coffee or carbonated beverages does not influence the risk of prostate cancer. Our findings provide no support to the hypothesis that tea consumption may be protective. While tea consumption may increase prostate cancer risk, we were unable to rule out alternative explanations for the positive association that we observed.

Aged↗
PubMed2002

Myocardial effects of ethanol consumption in the rat with streptozotocin-induced diabetes.

BACKGROUND: Rats with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes exhibit alterations in cardiac function, ventricular remodeling, and changes in cell signaling, which includes protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms. Moderate consumption of ethanol has a beneficial effect on cardiovascular outcomes in the general population, an effect that has recently been found to extend to patients with diabetes mellitus. We studied the effect of low-dose ethanol consumption on cardiac function, geometry, and PKC isoforms in the rat with STZ-induced diabetes. METHODS: Four groups of rats were studied over 8 to 10 weeks: control, STZ-induced diabetes, 12% (v/v) ethanol consumption, and STZ-induced diabetes plus 4% (v/v) ethanol consumption. Invasive hemodynamic measurements were performed; myocardial tissue was obtained for analysis for total PKC and cytosolic and membrane protein content of PKC-alpha, PKC-delta, and PKC-epsilon, and two-dimensional and M-mode echocardiograms were obtained. RESULTS: Compared with rats with diabetes alone, consumption of 4% ethanol prevented the decrease in left ventricular dP/dt seen with diabetes alone, as well as the increase in left ventricular internal dimension. Up-regulation of PKC-alpha, -delta, and -epsilon occurring in the diabetic animals was also prevented by ethanol consumption, whereas ethanol alone had no effect on PKC isoform pattern. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that STZ-induced cardiac remodeling and dysfunction are associated with increases in PKC activity, particularly PKC-alpha, -delta, and -epsilon, and that consumption of ethanol can prevent these changes.

Alcohol Drinking↗