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At least 757 records · Page 42Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

[Ergonomics in the industrial environment and ergonomic community activities of the European Coal and Steel Community].

The author stresses the permanent evolution of the working conditions in the industry. He pays a particular attention to the changes which were experienced in this regard since two decades in the coal mines. The ergonomist tries to give an impartial answer to the new problems by means of a scientific approach in order to help those who are responsible for the social and technical progress. The author reminds the principles of this approach. He analyses the definition of ergonomics and shows how this discipline may be applied in the coal mines. He reminds the important role played in this regard by the ECCS, and the realizations which could be performed in the coal industry as well. A comment on the objectives and means of the 4th research ergonomic programme of the European Communities is presented.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1983

Community cooperation among a university, a community college, a hospital, and a high school: a new model for allied health education.

The University of Texas Health Science Center at Dallas, School of Allied Health Sciences, has designed and established a linkage plan that could help solve the health personnel shortages in many cities. This plan joins several schools to (1) stimulate the implementation of programs to provide limited numbers of trained health professionals, (2) establish a coordinated system whereby technologists and technicians can be trained, (3) prepare qualified persons to staff the local hospitals, and (4) provide a ladder for advancing motivated and qualified health professionals. Coordination of efforts among the university, the seven-member Dallas Community College District, and the Dallas Independent School District's High School for Health Professions facilitates solid academic instruction at these institutions, which is followed by well-supervised clinical experiences in the local hospitals under highly qualified professionals. To date, the program includes the education of nuclear medicine technologists, radiation therapy technologists, electroencephalographic technologists, and histologic technicians. This mode of education is one solution to the health professional shortage.

Allied Health Personnel↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Personal, home and community safety promotion with community-dwelling elderly persons: response to a public health nurse intervention.

Public health clients aged 65 years and older were randomly allocated to receive an intervention by a public health nurse during a home visit, promoting either safety behaviours or influenza immunization. Sixty-eight clients reported making a total of 103 safety changes, with almost equal proportions making changes in the safety and influenza groups (21.9% vs. 18.3%). A higher percentage of males (25.0%) than females (17.3%) reported making safety changes following the intervention. Further research should focus on the effectiveness of safety promotion strategies which are expanded to include seniors participation, policy development and community planning and design.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Respiratory function and cardiovascular risk factors. Research Group for the Integrated Community Control of Chronic-degenerative diseases in the Health District of Sezze -- Di.S.Co. -- Observational strategy to assess the community health status].

Within the Project Community Control of Chronic Diseases in the Health District of Sezze-Di.S.Co.-2940 men, aged 20-69 were examined between 1984 and 1987, and a pulmonary function test was performed together with the measurement of a number of cardiovascular risk factors. Blood tests, blood pressure, anthropometric measurements, ECG, spirometry and a questionnaire on life-style and diseases were available. The aim of this paper was to describe pulmonary function tests and to study their association with cardiovascular risk factors. Vital capacity (CV) and forced expiratory volume in one second (VEMS), adjusted by height were inversely related with age. Main cardiovascular risk factors were analysed in tertiles of CV and VEMS: fasting blood glucose, serum cholesterol, uric acid, haematocrit, diastolic blood pressure, number of cigarettes per day decreased going from the first to the third tertile, whilst HLD-cholesterol and alcohol consumption increased. Univariate and multivariate analysis showed an inverse relation of CV and VEMS with age, fasting blood glucose, number of cigarettes smoked per day, uric acid, heart rate, skinfold thickness whilst alcohol consumption and weight were inversely related. The models explained between 52% (VC) to 57% (VEMS) of the variance.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Control strategies against salmonella infections in poultry raising at the European Economic Community level--translation of the so-called Economic Community Zoonoses Guideline].

Since at the end of the eighties there were reports on an increased occurrence in Great Britain of salmonella enteritidis infections in human beings which were predominantly caused by raw egg dishes, the Commission of the EEC also started activities designed as a protection against such an obvious new dimension of salmonella infections. Mainly prompted by British activities, the Commission of the EEC elaborated a proposal for a Zoonosis Directive of the EEC. This proposal was intended to provide for the recording of data on specific zoonoses and their pathogenic agents--i.e. a monitoring--as well as for the measures to be introduced at Community level or in the member states. The Directive was adopted in the Council of Ministers of Agriculture on 17 December 1992 (Directive 92/117/EEC), it is to be translated by a poultry salmonella regulation of the Federal Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Forestry. It will provide for controls by the farm manager, for official controls as well as for official measures including f.i. a quarantine of the poultry stock and a killing of the fowl. Beginning in 1995, there will probably be reports on EEC measures in the feeding stuffs sector (microbiological controls) as well as on national hygiene measures in the fields of egg marketing, raw egg consumption in canteens and voluntary control in laying hen farms--in anticipation of an EEC regulation on these stocks.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

[The consumption of food of animal origin distinct from milk: meat, fish, eggs in the school-age population of the community of Madrid. The Food Consumption and Nutritional Status of the School-Age Population of the Autonomous Community of Madrid Group].

The aim of this study was to assess the intake of foods of animal origin other than milk, as well as their role in the diet of children, in a representative sample of a school-aged population from the Community of Madrid (CAENPE study). A 4 day assessment of the dietary intake was conducted by applying a combination of the methods of 24-hour recall and a written record of the estimated consumption. We studied 2,608 schoolchildren between the ages of 6 and 14 years. The subjects were divided into groups according to age and sex. We found that the average meat intake was 213 +/- 87 g/person/day. The consumption of meat was significantly higher in boys (p < 0.05) and increased with age both in boys (p < 0.001) and girls (p < 0.05). Meat provided 40% of the saturated fat, 34% of the cholesterol and 33.5% of the protein in the diet. Fish intake was 77 +/- 64 g/person/day, with higher consumption in boys (p < 0.05) and with no influence of age. Fish supplied 11% of the dietary protein and only 1.2% of the saturated fat. Egg consumption was 31 +/- 20 g/day/person, which represents 3 eggs per week. The consumption of eggs was also higher in boys than in girls (p < 0.05) and provides 28% of the dietary cholesterol. We conclude that meat provides more than one third of the dietary protein and alone covers the RDA for protein. In addition, meat also contributes the highest amount of dietary saturated fat and cholesterol. Egg and fish intake is adequate; hence, it would be desirable to reduce the excessive meat intake in order to equilibrate the macronutrients and cholesterol supplied by the diet.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Sociological and anthropological factors related to the community management of tuberculosis in the Western Cape communities of Ravensmead and Uitsig.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the sociocultural understanding of tuberculosis among patients and their household members. DESIGN: Qualitative descriptive study. SETTING: Two adjacent Western Cape suburbs with a population of approximately 35,000, a tuberculosis incidence of > 1,000/100,000 and a surface area of 2.42 km2. SUBJECTS: Twenty-three adult patients on treatment for tuberculosis and their adult household members. INTERVENTIONS: None. METHODOLOGY: Consecutive selected adult tuberculosis patients and their household members were interviewed with an open-ended interview schedule. General household and community conditions and non-verbal responses were recorded. RESULTS: There were relatively affluent but also severely deprived households with severe overcrowding. Substance abuse was common. Patients had limited understanding and knowledge about health, hygiene and the cause of tuberculosis. There was a perception of both physical and social distance between patients and health care providers. All patients relied exclusively on the conventional biomedical curative approach of the medical system to deal with tuberculosis.

Adult↗