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In a questionnaire, a sample of cosmetic surgery patients were asked to describe the five most important areas or activities of their life affected by their condition or feature. Their answers indicate that people who request cosmetic surgery experience a wide range of problems.
By applying differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) on human hair in water, the thermal stability of hair' major morphological components is determined. Against the background of the two-phase model for alpha-keratins, these components are identified as the partially helical, fibrous intermediate filaments (IF) and the intermediate filament associated-proteins (IFAP) as a cross-linked, amorphous matrix. DSC yields the denaturation enthalpy deltaH(D), which depends on the amount and structural integrity of the alpha-helical material, and the temperature T(D), which is kinetically controlled by the cross-link density of the matrix. To assess the effects of cosmetic treatments, hairs were investigated that had undergone either multiple bleaching or perm-waving treatments. The respective dependencies between denaturation temperature and enthalpy show that both morphological components are similarly affected by bleaching, while reductive damage, in comparison, is more pronounced in the IFs. For both types of treatments, changes in enthalpy follow apparent first-order kinetics with respect to the number of treatments as well as treatment time (perm-waving), yielding characteristic reaction rate constants. It appears that DSC in water is an especially suitable method to determine the kinetics of damage formation in human hair resulting from cosmetic treatments.
Dr. Newell Sill Jenkins was one of the pioneer American dentists who took "American dentistry" to Europe. Among his patients were Composer Richard Wagner, and among his friends, Author Mark Twain. He treated some of the crown head of Europe, and yet found time to participate in organized dentistry and conduct research in cosmetic dentistry. He was the father of the porcelain revival in both Europe and America. Unfortunately, Jenkins' Legacy as the chief proponent of cosmetic dentistry in the late 19th and early 20th centuries has been largely ignored by dental historians. In a 20-year period (1896 to 1916), Jenkins published 32 articles in the dental literature on the esthetic advantages of porcelain fillings. It is time to give Jenkins his just recognition.
Conceptual nursing models are a framework for practice. However, these models are often not used in an outpatient dermatology clinic that provides cosmetic services or a plastic surgeon's office. In a cosmetic setting, clients are receiving care on an elective basis. Clients are generally healthy and educated as to what type of care and services they want, and they wish to be active participants in the decision-making process. Therefore, this type of atmosphere requires a model that allows for negotiation of ideas and a joint plan of care, such as the Intersystem Model.
We analyzed our case series in order to evaluate the evolution of our laparoscopic technique in ergonomic and cosmetic terms, leading to the right compromise between these aspects. We retrospectively analyzed 136 diagnostic laparoscopies for suspected appendicitis, using scheme A in the first 98 cases (one 10/12-mm umbilical trocar for the optics and two 5-mm operative trocars placed above the pubis on the right and left side) and scheme B in the other 38 cases (one 10/12-mm umbilical trocar for the optics and two 5-mm operative trocars, one placed over the pubis and the other one on the right hip, just on the umbilical line). The diagnosis of appendicitis was confirmed in 117 patients, while other diseases were present in 19 patients. There were no differences between the two groups in mean operative time (45 min), postoperative complications (0.7%) and clinical course (hospital stay: 36 hours on average). We believe that the right compromise between ergonomic and cosmetic considerations is the one shown in scheme B. In this way it is possible to perform all diagnostic and therapeutic manoeuvres such as pulling the appendix out through the umbilical trocar and using suprapubic trocars as an access route for a possible drainage.
Cosmetic surgery is unique in that the results are qualitative. Recent technical advances now allow the skilled and artistic surgeon to achieve the degree of change requested by most patients, without the obvious operated look. General practitioners should extend their professional relationship with cosmetic surgery patients. Preliminary counselling can reduce patient's anxiety by clarifying their objectives and by providing relevant information and support. The relationship of trust so engendered is helpful for post operative support and allows the practitioner to share in the satisfaction experienced by the patient as a result of surgery.
Rapidly growing mycobacteria have been associated with postoperative infections in patients undergoing cosmetic surgery procedures. In April 2004, CDC received reports of infections caused by rapidly growing mycobacteria in patients who had undergone cosmetic surgery procedures in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic (DR). CDC, along with state and local health departments, is investigating additional cases identified by passive surveillance (i.e., solicitation of reports from clinicians by using electronic networks) and, in some areas, active surveillance (i.e., review of laboratory reports).
Dentists routinely refer patients to oral and maxillofacial surgeons for dentoalveolar surgery, however few of these dentists are fully informed as to the full scope of surgical practice. Appropriately trained oral and maxillofacial surgeons may also offer cosmetic facial surgery to their patients under certain circumstances. This paper will provide an overview of cosmetic facial surgery.
The human eyelid is an amazingly complex structure that is responsible for protecting, moisturizing, and reconstituting the external surface of the eye. Compromise of any of the tarsoligamentous supporting structures of the eyelids can result in eyelid malposition, corneal compromise, and even blindness. Failure to recognize these abnormalities in patients seeking cosmetic eyelid surgery can lead to disastrous results. The most common structural eyelid abnormalities encountered in patients seeking cosmetic eyelid surgery and prophylactic and reconstructive surgical techniques to deal with these difficult problems are discussed.
In performing BCT with radicality and cosmetism, the attitudes of breast oncologists in Japan and western countries are different at present. In Japan, our problem is to get surgical margin negative almost sacrificing the cosmetism. On the contrary, in western countries, they evaluate RT irrespective of margin status. Contrary to our expectation, results are almost equal in the point of radicality and IBTR. If both results are almost the same, it would be better and reasonable for us to adopt the western convenience and rationalism, of cause continuing our earnest attitude utmost.
Cosmetic surgery is a rapidly growing area. This article examines what cosmetic surgery is, how prevalent the procedures are, risk management issues and how to ensure best practice.
INTRODUCTION: Breast cancer is an extremely actual problem in modern medicine and surgery in particular. Constantly growing frequency, younger age of the newly diagnosed patients, severe psychological collapse of the patients and serious impairment of quality of life are only some of the factors determining actuality of the problem. AIM: The aim of the present survey is to make a retrospective comparative clinical analysis of the results obtained after breast-conserving surgery and simple mastectomy in terms of 5- and 10-year survival, local recurrences and cosmetic outcome. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Over a 19-year period, 269 breast cancer patients were treated in the Clinic. Breast-conserving surgery plus axillary lymph node dissection in levels I, II and III was performed in 66.17% of the patients. In 33.83% of the patients ablation of the mammary gland (simple mastectomy) plus axillary lymph node dissection was done. In both groups adjuvant radiation therapy was performed and patients with positive axillary lymph nodes were further subjected to chemotherapy. Adjuvant hormone therapy with anti-estrogen drugs was administered in estrogen positive patients. RESULTS: Study of the late (5- and 10-year) results showed that in complex treatment the recurrence rate in patients subjected to breast-conserving surgery (BCS) was 4.00% and in those treated by simple mastectomy (SM)--2.99%. The 5-year survival was 90.10% for the patients undergoing BCS and 88.89% for those treated by SM. The 10-year survival was 80.56% for the patients treated by BCS and 77.14% for those subjected to SM. CONCLUSIONS: Breast-conserving surgery is indicated in all patients in stage I and II of the disease and tumor measured up to 3.5 cm regardless of the axillary lymph nodes status. There is no statistically significant difference in the survival rate between the two compared groups and cosmetic results are much better in the patients subjected to breast-conserving surgery. When complex treatment is accomplished breast-conserving operations provide recurrence rate equal to that in simple mastectomy. Unfavorable prognostic factors for recurrence are younger age, bigger lump size, greater number of positive lymph nodes and estrogen/progesterone negative status.
The author reports on his experience with a new form of local anaesthesia in cosmetic surgery, namely a cream for local application produced by the Swedish firm ASTRA under the name of EMLA. It is a mixture of prilocaine and lidocaine. The effect sets in 45 min after application. The technique and indication range in cosmetic surgery are described.
The author described the external access technique in nasal cosmetic surgery. The advantages and inconveniences were discussed. Above 150 surgeries were performed. The authors experiences proved the usefulness of this method in secondary nasal plastics, in posttraumatic- and cleft deformities. The photo-documentations were presented. The main advantages of this method is the possibility of meticulous evaluation of the deformities under the eye control. The transversal cut through the nasal skin septum gave no visible scar and constitute no cosmetic problem. However, this technique must be applied only in difficult cases.
Skin changes associated with aging often manifest as cosmetic disabilities. As the population of elderly persons continues to rise, these aging skin changes and patients' dissatisfaction with them will increasingly command the attention of the primary care physician. The cosmetic aging changes and management strategies addressed here include wrinkles, hair changes, common benign neoplasms, dyspigmentation, and telangiectasias. While none of these conditions is a direct threat to the physical well being of the patient, their psychological impact, particularly with regard to self-perception, can be significant and even profound. They therefore merit a response from physicians caring for such patients.
Cosmetic results of 80 patients with axillary lymph node negative or unknown T1 and T2 carcinoma of the breast who were treated with wide local excision, external beam radiotherapy and iridium-192 boost, were evaluated by the patient and the radiotherapist at 18-36 months. Their overall cosmetic results were assessed as good, very good or excellent by 80% of the patients. The radiotherapist's assessment was similar but in general the patients score was more favourable. After a follow-up of 24-72 months recurrence was found in only one patient at 40 months. This approach offers good cosmesis with low local recurrence rates in early breast carcinoma patients with negative axillary lymph nodes.
The psychotherapeutic nature of cosmetic surgery is emphasised by outlining the range of symptoms from which patients suffer and by explaining the sequence of psychological reactions which cause them. The principles which govern the selection of patients are defined. A brief account of each of the main cosmetic operations is given together with notes on their limitations and risks.
We describe two patients with epithelioid granulomatous inflammation on the eyebrows after undergoing cosmetic eyebrow tattooing. We tried to analyze the causative elements from biopsy specimens and tattoo inks with x-ray microanalysis. We suggest that granuloma caused by cosmetic eyebrow tattooing is a complication worthy of mention.