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At least 757 records · Page 42Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Callosal window between prefrontal cortices: cognitive interaction to retrieve long-term memory.

A perceptual image can be recalled from memory without sensory stimulation. However, the neural origin of memory retrieval remains unsettled. To examine whether memory retrieval can be regulated by top-down processes originating from the prefrontal cortex, a visual associative memory task was introduced into the partial split-brain paradigm in monkeys. Long-term memory acquired through stimulus-stimulus association did not transfer via the anterior corpus callosum, a key part interconnecting prefrontal cortices. Nonetheless, when a visual cue was presented to one hemisphere, the anterior callosum could instruct the other hemisphere to retrieve the correct stimulus specified by the cue. Thus, although visual long-term memory is stored in the temporal cortex, memory retrieval is under the executive control of the prefrontal cortex.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1990

Sonographic and pathological features of callosal hypoplasia in non-ketotic hyperglycinaemia.

A boy was born at 36 weeks' gestation weighing 2450 g. Though his Apgar score was 9 at birth, by the age of 48 hours he required artificial ventilation. He was deeply unconscious with complete lack of muscle tone, and non-ketotic hyperglycinaemia associated with secondary hypoplasia of the corpus callosum was confirmed by biochemical tests. The cranial ultrasound scan features correlated well with the neuropathological findings and may be helpful in the early detection of this incurable condition.

Agenesis of Corpus Callosum↗
PubMed2006

Progression of non-age-related callosal brain atrophy in multiple sclerosis: a 9-year longitudinal MRI study representing four decades of disease development.

BACKGROUND: In multiple sclerosis (MS), multiple periventricular lesions are commonly the first findings on MRI. However, most of these MS lesions are clinically silent. The brain atrophy rate has shown better correlation to physical disability, but it is not clear how atrophy develops over decades. Corpus callosum forms the roof of the third and lateral ventricles. The corpus callosum area (CCA) in a midsagittal image is age independent in a normal adult population up to the seventh decade; therefore it can be used as a marker for non-age-related, pathological brain atrophy. OBJECTIVES: To investigate whether and how CCA decreases in size over time in patients with MS. METHODS: In a clinical observational study, 37 patients with MS with a wide range of disease duration at baseline (1-33 years) were followed. Three different MS courses were represented. The mean of individual MRI follow-up was 9 years. Multiple sclerosis severity score (MSSS) was also applied to evaluate disability at baseline and after 9 years of follow-up. RESULTS: A significant decrease in CCA over 9 years (p<0.001) and a persisting association between CCA and the disability status were found. The atrophy rate was similar ever four decades of MS for all MS courses. The mean annual CCA decrease was 9.25 mm2 (1.8%). Surprisingly, atrophy rate did not correlate with sex, disease duration, age at MS onset or MS course. CONCLUSIONS: Serial evaluations of CCA might be a robust method in monitoring a non-age-related decrease in CCA, reflecting progression of irreversible destructive changes in MS.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Visual evoked potentials to lateralised stimuli in two cases of callosal agenesis.

Visual evoked potentials (VEPs) to lateralised light flashes were recorded from two acallosal patients. In one patient, these recordings were made while he performed a choice-reaction time task, and in the other patient the VEPs were obtained during a simple reaction time task. In both cases the patient's VEPs from electrode sites contralateral to the visual field of stimulus delivery resembled those of controls. Their VEPs from ipsilateral sites were aberrant, however, in that while control subjects showed a smaller and slightly delayed ipsilateral N160 component, this was not discernible in the patients' data. It is concluded that the ipsilateral N160 relies for its generation on the transcallosal transfer of information processed initially by the contralateral hemisphere.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Callosal disconnection syndrome and knowledge of the body: a case of left hand isolation from the body schema with names.

A patient is described who presented with a disturbance of body cognition confined to the left side of the body. She showed difficulties in naming the left fingers and in moving the named left fingers. She also showed great difficulty in pointing to named parts of the body with her left hand. Earlier in the course of the disease she showed a personification phenomenon of the left hand. Brain MRI showed involvement of the entire corpus callosum, probably due to occlusion of a branch of the anterior cerebral artery. It is speculated that this syndrome is caused by disconnection of the right hemisphere from the left hemispheric body schema.

Brain Diseases↗
PubMed1997

Histological surprise: callosal tuberculoma presenting as malignant glioma.

A tumour which on CT is clearly intrinsic, irregular, exhibits patchy enhancement with contrast, and invades periventricular tissues, especially the corpus callosum, is very likely to be a glioma and may not be biopsied. A case is presented with these radiological features in which the tumour proved to be a tuberculoma, with complete clinical and radiological resolution after antituberculous chemotherapy.

Antitubercular Agents↗