Technology in medical practice.
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Medical technologies move from research and development through manufacturing and marketing into the healthcare delivery system. Within the healthcare delivery system, hospitals rely heavily on medical technologies (and the medical devices they enable) to provide diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring in patient care. Managing these devices from acquisition through application in patient care is a formidable task. Hospitals must act to maximize the benefits of medical devices while minimizing adverse side effects. They must do so within a highly regulated and cost-constrained environment. This paper describes the challenges hospitals face and the strategies they employ in their efforts to achieve cost-effective medical technology management. The role of clinical engineering is discussed.
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Use improvements in data accuracy and nursing productivity to enhance your quality of care.
The modern health care system is being irrevocably changed by the development and introduction of new health information technologies (such as health information systems, decision-support tools, specialized websites, and innovative communication devices). While many of these new technologies hold the promise of revolutionizing the modern health system and facilitating improvements in health care delivery, health education, and health promotion, it is imperative to carefully examine and assess the effectiveness of these technological tools to determine which products are most useful to apply in specific contexts, as well as to learn how to best utilize these products and processes. Without good evaluative information about new technologies, we are unlikely to reap the greatest benefits from these powerful new tools. This chapter examines the demand for evaluating health information technologies and suggests several strategies for conducting rigorous and relevant evaluation research.
Human embryonic stem-cell (hESC) research offers substantial potential benefits but has generated politically influential controversies and, in the United States, funding restrictions. Some observers fear the United States has been falling behind nations more permissive in this field, but policy debate has remained largely anecdotal. This study reports citation data indicating that the share of hESC research publications credited to the United States in the six years following the introduction of key technologies was significantly less than in five less contentious biomedical-research areas. The United States share of hESC publications fell sharply in 2003 and remained near this reduced level in 2004. Putative explanations are reviewed and several implications discussed.
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Health technology includes drugs, procedures, techniques, and equipment used by health professionals to provide health care, and the organizational and supporting systems within which the care is delivered. Such new technology may comprehend new drugs, new medical devices and appliances, new medical activities and surgical procedures, health promotion and disease prevention activities, and organizational and supporting systems. To achieve maximal use of available resources and constant selection among alternatives offered, health technology assessment is indispensable as a scientific effort to determine the extent to which and under what conditions a specific technology is efficacious, effective, safe, and cost-effective. Since today the greatest benefit to patients must be achieved at the lowest cost, one of the ways to achieve this goal is to promote health technology assessment and thus build the healthcare infrastructure on more scientific and objective foundations.
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