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At least 757 records · Page 42Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Microsurgical fertilization procedures: the absence of stringent criteria for patient selection.

Subzonal sperm insertion and partial zona dissection were applied in 250 in vitro fertilization cycles in couples (n = 200) with abnormal semen analyses; 61 clinical pregnancies were established (24% per egg retrieval). Patients were selected without using minimal cutoff criteria. The study included patients with 0% normal sperm forms (strict criteria), no motile sperm (but some live cells), and sperm counts which could be assessed only after centrifugation. Patients were categorized into three subsets. Group A (n = 116 cycles) failed to fertilize in a previous cycle. Group B (n = 40) was excluded from IVF due to the severity of sperm profiles, such as a maximum of 2% normal forms. Group C (n = 94) constitutes those patients for whom a standard cycle could possibly result in failure. Monospermic fertilization rates were 18% (A), 19% (B), and 24% (C). The incidences of embryo replacement were 63% (A), 53% (B), and 69% (C). Rates of clinical pregnancy were 22% (A), 23% (B), and 28% (C). The presence of one, two, or three semen abnormalities did not correlate with the outcome of microsurgical fertilization. Twenty-two percent of patients with combined oligoasthenoteratozoospermia became pregnant. Moreover, ongoing pregnancies were established in instances with 0% normal sperm forms and no progressively motile spermatozoa. It is concluded that stringent cutoff criteria may not be necessary when both partial zona dissection and subzonal sperm insertion are performed efficiently.

Culture Techniques↗
PubMed1992

Improved pregnancy outcome with gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist (GnRH-a) stimulation is due to the improvement in oocyte quantity rather than quality.

The impact of gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist (GnRH-a) on the quality and quantity of oocytes harvested in in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) patients was studied by comparing the results for patients stimulated with gonadotropin alone and with gonadotropin plus GnRH-a. Adding GnRH-a significantly improved the viable pregnancies per transfer and reduced the spontaneous abortions, which seemed to improve oocyte quality. However, when oocyte quality was evaluated by the fertilization rate and the implantation and delivery rates per embryos transferred, there were no significant difference in the results, indicating that GnRH-a did not improve the oocyte quality. On the other hand, GnRH-a significantly increased the average number of oocytes harvested, fertilized, and transferred, and this increased number of oocytes transferred has been demonstrated to increase pregnancy and multiple-pregnancy rates. Multiple pregnancy with more embryos implanted would significantly reduce the abortion rate. Abortion rates decreased inversely to the number of embryos implanted. Our data strongly suggest that the efficacy of GnRH-a on IVF-ET patients was due more to the quantity increase than the quality of embryos transferred.

Embryo Implantation↗
PubMed1985

Imipenem/cilastatin in the treatment of obstetric and gynecologic infections.

Fifty-five patients with soft tissue pelvic infections were treated with imipenem/cilastatin 500 mg intravenously every six hours for a minimum of four days. Six patients were unevaluable, one because of protocol non-compliance and five because no pathogen was isolated. At enrollment, mean temperature was 39.5 degrees C and the mean white blood cell count was 14,700. Of 49 evaluable patients, 43 (87.8 percent) had complete clinical cures. In three of the six patients with clinical failures, subsequent alternative antibiotic treatment also failed and they required operative intervention for pelvic abscess. In two of the patients with failures, antibiotic-associated pseudomembranous colitis developed after three days of imipenem/cilastatin therapy, requiring discontinuation of the medication. At the time of discontinuation, both patients had clinical failures. All microbiologic isolates were susceptible to imipenem/cilastatin, although at least one pathogenic organism persisted in two patients with clinical failures despite apparent in vitro susceptibility of the organism to imipenem/cilastatin. Imipenem/cilastatin is a promising agent for the empiric treatment of serious obstetric and gynecologic infections although surgery often remains a necessary treatment for pelvic abscess regardless of initial antibiotic choice.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Heterogeneity of antigenic determinants on human spermatozoa: relevance to antisperm antibody testing in infertile couples.

Sera from 1074 male and 947 female partners of infertile marriages were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for antibodies to motile sperm purified from ejaculates of the male partners or a donor. In men, 9.2% of the sera were positive for immunoglobulin A, 7.9% for immunoglobulin G, and 5.1% for immunoglobulin M antibodies to their own sperm. In women, immunoglobulin M antibodies to the husband's sperm predominated (10.1%), with immunoglobulins G (8.3%) and A (5.9%) following. Differences between men and women in the incidence of immunoglobulin A (p less than 0.01) and M (p less than 0.005) antibodies were significant. In both sexes only about two thirds of the antibody-positive sera remained positive when donor sperm was substituted for partners' sperm in the assay. The decreased occurrences of antisperm immunoglobulins A (p less than 0.025) and G (p less than 0.01) in men and of immunoglobulins G (p less than 0.025) and M (p less than 0.01) in women were significant. Incubation of donor sperm in the husband's cell-free seminal fluid before analysis led to the acquisition of sperm reactivity with husband-specific antisperm antibodies in only one of eight women. Women with husband-specific antisperm antibodies also exhibited differences in their cell-mediated immune responses to sperm from various men. Thus sperm from different individuals vary in their ability to react with the immune system of sperm-sensitized men or women.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1975

Combined therapeutic approach to malignant lacrimal gland tumors.

The medical records of 13 patients with primary malignant lesions of the lacrimal gland revealed adenoid cystic carcinoma as the most common malignant tumor. The histologic cell type, neural invasion, and bony destruction were correlated with localized control and ultimate survival. Surgical removal of the lacrimal gland was adequate treatment for low-grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma confined to the gland itself. Combining a radical surgical removal of the area in planned sequence with high voltage radiation therapy offered the only reasonable hope for localized control in the more aggressive cell types or in tumors with neural invasion or bony involvement. A 40%-localized control and survival rate was achieved in the adenoid cystic carcinoma group of patients. Radiation therapy administered for cancer that obviously recurs after surgical resection was generally unsuccessful.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1993

A monogenic senility syndrome segregating with longevity in mice.

We have found that around 2 years of age all surviving CBA T6/T6 mice develop hyperactivity and progressive weight loss, terminating in death, which is preceded in the males by priapism, persistent penile erection. As there is no genital lesion, the priapism is presumably of neurogenic origin, providing an invaluably specific sign of development of a neurological lesion. A loss of neurons, somewhere in the brain stem, not detectable without computerised, automated microscopy, not yet applied, is at present the best explanation for the occurrence of the syndrome. In maternally-derived F2 hybrids with the NZW and C57 BL/6 strains, the syndrome occurs exactly as in the CBAs, with a frequency of 25%, indicative of mediation by a single gene or gene cluster. The syndrome also occurs in the F1 hybrids, but with a 34-week delay, suggesting a delaying effect of either a halved CBA gene dosage, or of non-CBA genes. In NZW F2 hybrids the syndrome segregates with longevity (P < 0.001). The phenomenon provides an animal model for study of mechanisms of ageing and their relationship to senile neuropathies, such as Alzheimer's disease.

Aging↗