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PubMed1984

Immunohistochemical demonstration of S-100 protein antigen-containing cells in beryllium-induced, zirconium-induced and sarcoidosis granulomas.

S-100 protein has been detected in epidermal Langerhans cells, interdigitating reticulum cells, and large mononuclear cells of cutaneous T-cell lymphomas. Experimental data imply these cells are involved in the presentation of antigens and/or maturation of T-lymphocytes. The authors studied the morphology and distribution of S-100 protein antigen-containing cells in cutaneous sarcoidosis and metal-induced granulomas, both immunogenic and foreign-body types, with light and electron microscopic immunoperoxidase technics. Immunological reaction was seen in Langerhans cells, peripheral nerves, and granulomatous lesion dendritic cells. The latter showed a large, irregular nucleus and branching cytoplasm. They intermingled with other mononuclear cells in the granulomas but not with organized epithelioid cells. Morphometric quantification of dendritic cells in the three types of granulomas revealed statistically significant differences (P less than 0.005) and electron microscopy demonstrated their typical cytoplasmic appearance, without Birbeck granules. The increased number of dendritic cells in immunogenic granulomas, and their shared antigenic components with Langerhans cells suggest they act as accessory cells in eliciting the granulomatous response.

Beryllium↗
PubMed2004

Characterisation of the IRSN graphite moderated Americium-Beryllium neutron field.

The SIGMA facility was set up at IRSN to provide thermal neutrons for metrology and dosimetry purposes. SIGMA consists of six Am-Be radioactive sources located in a 1.5 x 1.5 x 1.5 m3 graphite moderator block. The neutron field at the calibration position, situated at 50 cm from the west surface of the assembly was characterised experimentally and by Monte Carlo calculations. The thermal neutron fluence was determined by the activation of gold foils; the neutron fluence energy distribution above 240 keV was measured with proton recoil spectrometers and the neutron fluence energy distribution from thermal energies to 20 MeV was measured with a Bonner spheres spectrometer. A Monte Carlo simulation of the SIGMA assembly was undertaken using the MCNP4C code, and the calculated neutron fluence energy distribution was compared with the measurements. As a whole, the experimental data and the MCNP calculation are in a good agreement.

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