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At least 757 records · Page 42Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Romance with the automobile in the 20th century: implications for adolescents in a new millennium.

Nearly three-fourths of deaths among American adolescents and young adults result from only four causes: motor vehicle accidents, other unintentional injuries, homicide, and suicide. Thirty percent of those deaths result from motor vehicle accidents, the number one cause of death among adolescents. A number of factors that influence the morbidity and mortality are associated with driving. Compared to other countries, it is easier for American adolescent to obtain a relatively inexpensive license and gain access to a car. For the young driver, adolescent development and increased risk taking, inexperience, dangerous driving behavior, and alcohol-related factors are of special significance. In this article, we review recent crash statistics as well as effectiveness of various preventive measures, including driver education, graduated licensing, alcohol-related measures, and vehicle-related factors. Graduated licensing and alcohol-related measures have been the most effective measures so far.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1999

Modeling of occupant dynamics during automobile rear-end impacts.

Procedures for studying the dynamic response of the occupant within a rear-end impacted vehicle are presented. Most of the researches in the impact analysis were performed by experimental approach and this costs a lot of time and money. Especially, the repeatability is very hard to produce in a destructive condition. Most of all, the analytic parameters can be investigated are limited by the experimental approach. By using numerical techniques, this research employs Kane's equation and Huston's method to develop a simulated system with visual graphic output to observe the rear-end impact response. According to the simulated results, at a constant seatback angle the maximum acceleration values of head and chest increased with the increasing of impact velocity. Furthermore, at a constant impact velocity the relative rotation angle of a passenger's head to chest decreased with the increasing of initial seatback angle.

Acceleration↗
PubMed1975

Medicolegal aspects of automobile injuries.

We have tried to acquaint you with the basic elements of law relevant to the treatment of vehicle-related injury, i.e., the Good Samaritan clause, the definition of liability in surgery, warranty and informed consent. We have listed prophylactic measures to reduce medicolegal problems to a minimum. We have outlined the stepwise development of a court case and your duties to the court. Finally we have detailed special situations that occur in a trial and how to cope with them. In summary, bear in mind that it is natural to be edgy about court appearances. Few of us in medicine, after all, enjoy this kind of thing and to that extent we are truly out of our element. On the other hand, most attorneys, expert though they may be, are out of their element in medicine. That evens the score to a very considerable degree.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1975

Automobile accident studies of maxillofacial injuries.

The use of the available lap and shoulder belts would between 10,000 and 15,000 fatalities annually, and would significantly reduce the number of injuries, particularly those of the face. By mandatory seat belt usage laws a significant reduction in deaths, disfiguring injuries, and hospital bed-days would be realized.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed2000

[Automobile driving after a brain injury].

BACKGROUND: Little is known about driving fitness after brain damage. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The present study describes 62 brain injured patients, 36 with cerebral vascular accidents, 15 with traumatic brain injuries, and 11 with other neurological diseases, mean age 50 years, who after thorough assessment had been found fit enough for driving a car. 15 months later they were sent a questionnaire about their driving behaviour and skills. RESULTS: A higher number of traffic incidents were found after brain injury, but the difference was not significant. Patients with traumatic brain injury had a significantly higher number of traffic incidents post-injury than patients with stroke. A majority of those involved in incidents were young males with traumatic brain injury, who had deficits in cognitive executive functions. INTERPRETATION: Patients with traumatic brain injuries seem to need special attention when assessed for driving. Time to follow-up is too short for the results to be conclusive for the whole material of brain-injured patients. Further studies should be conducted.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

[Prevalence and risk factors of the lower back syndrome in automobile drivers].

AIM: To study epidemiology of low spine pain syndrome (LSPS) in drivers of municipal transport; to specify factors stimulating its onset. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 600 drivers from Orenburg were screened for LSPS. Risk factors were evaluated in two groups of patients: 130 drivers with LSPS and 130 matched controls free of LSPS. The data obtained were entered to a standard questionnaire, risk factors were considered according to working place attestation. RESULTS: Low spine pain complaints were registered in each 1-2 drivers of three. Those having the pain were as a rule 30-50-year-olds with service duration more than 10 years. They had pain for more than 5 years. 94.6% of them had acute pain. Spinal function was restricted in most of the examined LSPS drivers. Major risk factors of LSPS were the following: toxic substances, static loads, physical overstrain, draughts. A relationship was found between intensive smoking, alcohol abuse, low physical activity and LSPS onset. CONCLUSION: High prevalence of LSPS, frequent exacerbations, impaired spinal function cause a high disability rate. Thus, LSPS is an important medicosocial problem.

Adult↗