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PubMedDate not supplied

[Approach to identifying the functionally important segments of RNA, based on complementation-addressed modification].

An approach based on complementation-addressed modification of nucleic acids by oligodeoxyribonucleotide derivatives was proposed for changing the spatial structure of particular RNA sites in order to study their role in the biological activity of the total RNA molecule. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) IRES was used as a model. Oligodeoxyribonucleotide derivatives contained a 4-[N-(2-chloroethyl)-N-methylamino]benzylamino group at the 5'-P and were complementary to various RNA sites located in regions of hairpins II, IIId, or IIIe. Covalent adducts resulting from RNA alkylation with the derivatives were isolated by denaturing PAGE and tested for binding with the 40S subunit of human ribosomes. Structural alteration of hairpin II had no effect, whereas alteration of hairpin IIIe substantially reduced the binding. The RNA with modified hairpin IIId showed virtually no binding with the 40S subunit. Hairpin IIId was assumed to play a critical role in the binding of HCV IRES with the 40S subunit.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed2004

Addressing multiple breast cancer risk factors in African-American women.

This pilot study explored the acceptability and feasibility of and estimated the effectiveness of a weight loss/breast health intervention designed to reduce breast cancer risk in African-American women ages 35-65. The study had a one-group repeated-measures design and took place in a community setting. Forty-four African-American women were recruited, 35 completed the program, and 30 returned for the one-year follow-up. The pilot intervention was three weeks in duration and included twice-weekly exercise classes and weekly active learning seminars that addressed weight loss, breast health, healthy eating, and leading an active life. Measures included those of behavior related to diet, physical activity, and breast health. Satisfaction questionnaires and focus groups were also used to assess acceptability and cultural competency. Statistical analyses included Paired t-tests and Wilcoxon signed ranks tests. Significant results postintervention showed improved physical activity, dietary, and breast health behaviors. Results suggest the acceptability, feasibility, and effectiveness of this comprehensive weight/loss breast health program in reducing multiple breast cancer risk factors among African-American women.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Searching for scalable processes: addressing the challenges in times of increasing complexity.

The position of the pharmaceutical industry at the beginning of the 21st Century and its role in process research and development are important considerations. Based on recent figures and statistics, it is evident that new and maybe unorthodox ways of operating need to be envisaged to counteract the explosive rise in research and development costs (> US $800 million per successful launch in 2002) and the worryingly high level of attrition (approximately 90%), which, in addition to long handling times for authority approval, lead to a continued decline in the number of drugs entering the market. In addition to pointing out these harsh realities, it is essential to remember that the time taken to bring a new product forward is crucial. In this context, a front-loading model has been developed and applied in AstraZeneca's process research and development. The enormous implications of chirality in the pharmacological arena have been fully acknowledged for many years, and sales figures of chiral molecules corroborate the importance of this feature. The methodologies that are available to address the design and scale-up of production methods are also reviewed against a backdrop of recent in-house cases.

Drug Approval↗
PubMed2004

Developing a pediatric oral health therapist to help address oral health disparities among children.

Oral Health in America: A Report of the Surgeon General documented the profound and significant disparities that exist in the oral health of children in the United States. Recently, the country has been issued a National Call to Action to Promote Oral Health, under the leadership of the Office of the Surgeon General. Among the significant factors contributing to the disparities problem is the access to oral health care by disadvantaged populations. There are inadequate numbers of dentists able and willing to treat children, particularly poor and minority children. In the early part of the twentieth century, New Zealand faced a significant problem with oral disease among its children and introduced a School Dental Service staffed by allied dental professionals, known as "school dental nurses," who had received two years training in caring for the teeth of children. A number of other countries have since adopted this model. This article reviews attempts to develop a comparable approach in the United States. Furthermore, it justifies and advocates the development of pediatric oral health therapists in the United States as a means of addressing the disparities problem that exists in this nation. These pediatric oral health therapists would be trained in a two-year program to provide dental care services to children. The article concludes by asserting that such action is a practical and cost-effective way for dentistry to fulfill its professional obligation to care for the oral health of all children, thus ensuring justice in oral health for America's children.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Baptist Memorial addresses national shortage of emergency room space. Campaign by Memphis, Tenn., system points to minor med facilities.

At Baptist Memorial Health Care, Memphis, Tenn., patients expressed some discontent with emergency room procedures. Baptist's public relations team addressed issue, along with the national crisis in emergency room overcrowding. They developed a public service campaign to help the public make correct choices. The campaign also included an education program about St. Mary's ER procedures and the development of a specialized ER volunteer corps, all aimed at having positive long-term results.

Choice Behavior↗
PubMed2003

A partnership model to address the nursing shortage. The KSU accelerated BSN Program.

Metropolitan Atlanta and northwest Georgia, like other regions of the United States, face a critical shortage of nurses. To address this shortage, the Kennesaw State University (KSU) School of Nursing (SON) has developed and implemented a partnership model to offer second-degree students an accelerated BSN Program. The KSU model builds on a competitive statewide initiative that targets funds to educational and corporate collaborations as well as a growing number of nursing school non-nurse applicants who hold other baccalaureate degrees. To offer the accelerated BSN Program, the KSU nursing faculty developed an accelerated curriculum model that allows completion in 16 months. Further, a six member, collaborative partnership has been constructed to allow this curriculum to be offered to 40 second-degree students both on the KSU campus and as an outreach program in rural northwest Georgia. This article describes the accelerated BSN curriculum model as well as the partnerships constructed to implement and fund the program.

Community Networks↗
PubMedDate not supplied

How scholarly nursing literature addresses health disparities for racial/ethnic minority men.

The purpose of this article is to review conceptual/theoretical and review/agenda setting nursing literature on the health care of racial/ethnic minority men [specifically African American/Black, Hispanic/Latino, American Indian/Alaskan Native and Asian/Pacific Islander men] in one of the four targeted areas of health disparities. CINAHL and MEDLINE computer databases were searched from 1983 to the present using a combination of manual and computer-based methods to identify the nursing literature that included any racial/ethnic men in the sample and addressed at least one of the four areas of health disparities targeted by Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) that affect adults: heart disease, malignant neoplasms (cancer), diabetes mellitus and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)/AIDS. This review provides an overview of health disparities experienced by racial/ethnic minority men in the targeted areas and of the types of conceptual and agenda-setting articles published in scholarly nursing literature in those targeted areas.

Black or African American↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Addressing the palliative care needs of people with dementia.

The palliative care needs of people with dementia have received little attention to date. In the early days of the disorder some drugs may assist with the cognitive and behavioural symptoms. However, as the disease progresses people with dementia become increasingly dependent on carers. Evidence suggests that a palliative care approach from diagnosis is beneficial because it addresses people's emotional needs as well as those of their families and carers.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

The use of electrical stimulation and taping to address shoulder subluxation for a patient with central cord syndrome.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: This case report describes the examination, intervention, and outcome of a patient with central cord syndrome (CCS) who participated in acute rehabilitation that included the use of electrical stimulation (ES) and strapping to address shoulder subluxation. The only literature found describing these interventions for shoulder subluxation was for patients with stroke. CASE DESCRIPTION: The patient was a 29-year-old man with CCS and bilateral shoulder subluxation. He received ES over 8 weeks to the anterior and middle deltoid and supraspinatus muscles of the right shoulder. Taping was repeated every 3 to 4 days on both shoulders following over the anterior and middle deltoid muscles up to the acromion. OUTCOMES: The initial shoulder subluxation measurements were 1.5 cm on the right and 1.0 cm on the left. The final measurements were 0.3 cm on the right and 0.2 cm on the left. The patient's American Spinal Injury Association upper-extremity motor scores were 26/50 initially and 48/50 at discharge. CONCLUSION: The use of ES and shoulder taping in conjunction with other rehabilitation may have played a role in reducing the patient's shoulder subluxation.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Case studies of change--addressing family support needs of rural GPs.

The National Rural Faculty of the Royal Australian College of General Practitioners received commonwealth funding between 2000-2002 to develop a rural medical family support project. There were three elements to this project: a counselling and communication skills or mentoring workshop for rural GP spouses in each state. The development of a resource kit of existing rural medical family support strategies, and the piloting of a range of strategies designed to address family support needs in collaboration with rural GPs, registrars and their families. This article focusses on the last of these three elements.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Strengthening the nursing curriculum: an interdisciplinary course addressing agricultural health and safety.

1.) Agricultural work is a dangerous occupation and incorporating content on agricultural health and safety issues into the nursing curriculum presents a challenge. 2.) The traditional strategy for dealing with these issues has been a single discipline approach. 3.) An interdisciplinary course bringing together faculty and students from the disciplines of agriculture, nursing, and public health proved successful in addressing this content in the curricula of the disciplines involved. 4.) When teaching agricultural health and safety content, it is essential to emphasize an interdisciplinary approach and frame the course in the context of rurality.

Agriculture↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Sutter Health uses advertorials to address complex issues.

Sutter Health, Pasadena, Calif., is unique in its response to the unprecedented attention healthcare is receiving in the news media. Instead of addressing the issues in its annual report for a limited audience, or responding defensively to media queries, Sutter uses advertorials to tell its own story the way it wants it to be understood.

Advertising↗
PubMed2004

A process to address disparities in rates of sudden infant death syndrome.

Fetal and Infant Mortality Review (FIMR) is a continuous quality improvement program that leads to improvements in services and resources for families and, ultimately, a decrease in infant mortality. It is an action-oriented process that combines medical data with the mother's report of experiences during the life and death of her infant. The FIMR has proven to be especially important in addressing community issues associated with infant deaths related to sudden infant death syndrome.

Cultural Diversity↗
PubMed2005

Can a culturally responsive model for research design bring us closer to addressing participation disparities? Lessons learned from cancer survivorship studies.

INTRODUCTION: Health disparities research demands the inclusion of traditionally excluded peoples. Additional complex issues weigh into health disparities or multicultural research including sociopolitical context, cultural context, network or community context, and micro-level or personal dimensions. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK: This paper will present a work in progress based on psycho-oncology research: A Culturally Responsive Model for Research Design. The manuscript will describe the model's governing principles and practices employed to address these study components: 1) purpose of the research; (2) utilization of modified or new conceptual framework and operationalization; (3) methods and procedures; (4) participant and data safety and monitoring; (5) reliable and valid instrumentation; (6) drawing valid conclusions; (7) dissemination of findings; and (8) staff training. This paper will define these issues and present the guiding principles modeled to conduct culturally responsive research and increase research integrity. DISCUSSION: Cancer control research is an important part of the stated commitment to reduce cancer incidence, morbidity, and mortality and to increase health-related quality of life. Ethnic minorities are overrepresented in cancer burden, yet underrepresented in research. This paper is part of a movement to articulate practical models for designing culturally responsive, multicultural research. The model may have implications for increasing ethnic minority participation in research.

Cultural Diversity↗
PubMed2005

Legal issues to address when managing clinical information across Europe: the ECIT case study (www.ECIT.info).

This paper identifies issues which will need to be addressed in pursuing the aims and objectives of the European Classification of Infertility Taskforce (ECIT), namely: to establish classification codes for infertility management; to improve the consistency of infertility information collection by specialist centres, particularly but not exclusively by computerised systems; to use these codes to enable the transfer of infertility information from specialist centres to national infertility data registries; to develop a Grid linking the data held in European infertility data registries; to use Grid processing to mine the data in the European infertility data registries to optimise patient management improving the effectiveness of treatment and reducing the risk.

Commodification↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Addressing variation in hospital quality: is Six Sigma the answer?

Quality of care has become a focal point in healthcare. Hospitals and health systems continue to produce care that varies in quality. This leads to customer dissatisfaction as well as inefficient processes and output. As a result, administrators face a challenge to improve the quality of care in their organizations. One way to address quality improvement is to use various quality management models. Six Sigma is an innovative program that uses data analysis to achieve defect-free processes and to decrease variation. The program can provide management with a viable solution to quality improvement. This article presents an analysis of existing quality management tools, encourages consideration of Six Sigma, and outlines the potential benefits of Six Sigma. Finally, the article discusses an organization's capacity to implement a Six Sigma program as well as the possibility for an organization to incorporate Six Sigma into its existing quality management program.

Data Interpretation, Statistical↗