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At least 757 records · Page 42Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Dysplasia epiphysealis hemimelica--three different types in the ankle joint.

Three children with different types of dysplasia epiphysealis hemimelica in the ankle are described. It is an uncommon disorder belonging to the group of osteochondromatoses. The disease occurs in young children and is localized mainly in the ankle and knee joints. The clinical symptoms, localization, and roentgenograms are most important for reaching a diagnosis. A pathological-anatomical examination is a necessity in order to exclude malignancy. Early surgical treatment is recommended, but complete cure is seldom achieved.

Ankle Joint↗
PubMed2003

[The role of the tibiofibular syndesmotic and the deltoid ligaments in stabilizing Weber B type ankle joint fractures--an experimental investigation].

The purpose of the present biomechanical investigation was to check the functional importance of the syndesmosis ligaments and of the deltoid ligament for ankle fracture type B according to the AO-Weber classification. We constructed a special fixation clamp, with 12 fresh and unembalmed lower legs being tested for lateral shift (mm) and ten for tibiotalar rotation. All specimens were exposed in the same neutral position. Transverse loads (F(y)) varied between 0 and 150 N, axial loads (F(z)) between 0, 300, 600 and 1,000 N and rotational loads (F(r)) between 2.4 and 4.9 Nm. All series were repeated according to supination-eversion (SE) injury patterns of the Lauge-Hansen classification. Syndesmotic ligaments and the fibula were incrementally sectioned from anterior to posterior. Type SE I consisted of an isolated incision of the anterior syndesmosis ligament. Type SE II had an additional oblique fracture of the fibula at the height of the tibiofibular syndesmosis. In type SE III injuries, in addition to the fibular fracture, a complete rupture of the syndesmosis ligaments was present, and for type SE IV lesions the deltoid ligaments were incised. The transverse load-displacement curve was s-shaped in all uninjured joints,with the highest gradient between 10 and 20 N with no axial compression. Without axial compression in cases of F(y)=25 N transverse loads, the mean talus translation was 0.51 mm. Following type II injuries, the average talus translation was 0.68 mm (not significant) and rose to an average of 0.95 mm ( P <0.01) in type III injuries. After additional incision of the deltoid ligaments, the ankle joint subluxed permanently when more than 5-10 N transverse loads were applied. Axial loads of 300 N or more resulted in a considerable reduction in talus translations, indicating increased stability and congruency within the joint complex. In this way, the vertical loading of the ankle joints always contributed to joint stability. The average internal tibiotalar rotation reached with a torque of 2.4 Nm was 3.52 degrees and with 4.9 Nm 5.15 degrees when no axial compression was applied. External rotation measured -6.36 degrees and -8.62 degrees, respectively. Following the experimental protocol, significant increases were noted for external rotation at SE II degrees injuries ( P =0.003) and for internal rotation at SE III degrees ( P =0.03) injuries. Our data support the proposition that the deltoid ligaments and the posterior syndesmosis play a key role in the stability of ankle fractures for supination-eversion injuries. If these structures remain intact, conservative and early functional treatment are recommended in patients with minimal (<2 mm) or no fracture displacement. This concept is confirmed by the literature dealing with clinical mid- and long-term follow-up studies.

Ankle Injuries↗
PubMed1993

[Diagnostic possibilities of sonography: ankle joint, foot and Achilles tendon].

In patients with soft tissue swelling and pain of the foot and ankle, ultrasonography is a simple and reliable diagnostic procedure to demonstrate joint effusions or a tendovaginitis which may have caused the symptoms of the patient. The diagnostic puncture of a joint is only necessary to determine the kind of effusion. The diagnostic workup of patients with acute and chronic instability of the proximal ankle joint benefits from the sonographic measurement of the talus tilt and of the anterior drawer. As the diagnostic performance is equal to the radiologic stress test, X-ray exposure can be avoided. As the anatomic structure of the achilles tendon causes the typical fibrillary sonographic pattern, structural changes due to tendinitis or tendon rupture can easily be diagnosed.

Achilles Tendon↗
PubMed1993

The distal hindlimb musculature of the cat: multiaxis moment arms at the ankle joint.

The cat hindlimb muscles have been classified, traditionally, as flexors and extensors, based on their actions in the parasagittal plane and their patterns of recruitment during locomotion and reflex responses. This study provides a detailed examination of the relative magnitudes of the various moment arms of the cat ankle muscles and the interdependent effects of position in the various axes of motion. We used a method based on observing small sliding movements of tendon in response to small angular displacements of the joint. Surprisingly, we found that the ankle joint of the cat permits substantial motion in three axes (eversion/inversion and abduction/adduction as well as extension/flexion) and many muscles crossing the ankle joint have their largest moment arms about axes other than extension/flexion. These moment arms often depended on the joint position in the axis of the moment arm and, to a lesser degree, on the extension/flexion angle as well. For some muscles (notably peroneus longus) there was sufficient variability that the predominant action in neutral posture (axis with the largest moment arm) could change from animal to animal, which may be related to heterogeneities of locomotor and reflex recruitment reported in the companion paper.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Ankle joint synoviography in rheumatoid arthritis.

Twenty-six ankles of 23 patients with seropositive or negative arthritis and 24 ankles of 12 cadavers as a control group were studied by contrast synoviography. The main features in the patients were capsule enlargement, hypertrophic synovitis, and connections to tendon sheaths and to the posterior subtalar joint. None of the controls showed capsule distension or irregular outline of the joint cavity, but connections to tendon sheaths and/or to the posterior subtalar joint were present. Other features such as tibiofibular recess, early lymphatic filling, and joint destruction were seen.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Movement of the ankle joint after driving a screw across the inferior tibiofibular joint.

Twenty-eight patients with fracture-subluxation of the ankle were studied for at least 1 year after fixation with an oblique fibulotibial screw, supplemented when necessary by a screw in the medial malleolus and loops of wire around the fibula. The range of movement at each ankle was measured at 6 weeks and 1 year after operation. The patient's comments on mobility and symptoms were also noted. Irrespective of the radiological severity of the injury, 6 of the 28 had full movement at 6 weeks, and 13 at 1 year, and a further 9 had movement reduced by less than 5 mm, at 1 year, at which time 22 were free from symptoms.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Instrcapsular epiphyseal osteoid osteoma of ankle joint. A case report.

A 12-year-old boy with ankle pain following minor trauma was found after a month of conservative treatment to have a small sclerotic lesion in the anterolateral distal tibial epiphysis. At operation, a vascular, raised, intracapsular epiphyseal lesion was removed. Microscopic examination revealed an osteoid osteoma. To the authors' knowledge no previous example of intracapsular epiphyseal osteoid-osteoma has been reported.

Ankle Joint↗
PubMed1996

[Proprioceptive reaction in the healthy and chronically unstable ankle joint].

Chronic lateral instability of the ankle, a condition with frequent ankle sprain episodes, difficulties to walk and run on uneven ground and often pain, occurs in 20-30% after acute ankle sprains. The treatment of CLI as well as of acute ankle sprains have more and more in addition to operative reconstructions been focused on proprioceptive training which is in concordance with the results of recent research results. The present study shows that the reaction time after sudden angular displacement of the ankle on a trapdoor is increased by approximately 15 ms in patients with chronic lateral instability compared to control persons. We conclude that delayed proprioceptive response to sudden angular displacement of the ankle can be one of the causes to chronic lateral instability of the ankle and that proprioceptive training should be included in the treatment of acute and chronic ankle disabilities.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Magnetic resonance imaging of injuries to the ankle joint: can it predict clinical outcome?

OBJECTIVE: To predict clinical outcome after ankle sprains on the basis of magnetic resonance (MR) findings. DESIGN AND PATIENTS: Twenty-nine consecutive patients (mean age 32.9 years, range 13-60 years) were examined clinically and with MR imaging both after trauma and following standardized conservative therapy. Various MR abnormalities were related to a clinical outcome score. RESULTS: There was a tendency for a better clinical outcome in partial, rather than complete, tears of the anterior talofibular ligament and when there was no fluid within the peroneal tendon sheath at the initial MR examination (P = 0.092 for either abnormality). A number of other MR features did not significantly influence clinical outcome, including the presence of a calcaneofibular ligament lesion and a bone bruise of the talar dome. CONCLUSION: Clinical outcome after ankle sprain cannot consistently be predicted by MR imaging, although MR imaging may be more accurate when the anterior talofibular ligament is only partially torn and there are no signs of injury to the peroneal tendon sheath.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

[Magnetic resonance tomography of the feet and ankle joints].

21 patients with suspected, or known, abnormalities of the feet or ankles were examined by magnetic resonance tomography. The indications were: osteochondritis dissecans of the talus (three cases), osteomyelitis (three cases), suspected tumour recurrence (three cases), undiagnosed pain (six cases) and a further miscellaneous six cases. Although most of these problems could have been solved with other imaging methods, magnetic resonance tomography did add some valuable diagnostic information. Because of its ability to demonstrate bones, synovia, tendons, vessels and subcutaneous fascia in a multi-directional manner, it is superior to all other imaging methods. It saves time by making it unnecessary to use a variety of diagnostic procedures.

Adolescent↗