Characterisation of the Novel HLA-A*68:331 Allele by Sequencing-Based Typing.
HLA-A*68:331 differs from HLA-A*68:01:02:02 by one nucleotide substitution in codon 52 in exon 2.
Humans↗
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Characterisation of the Novel HLA-C*14:168 Allele by Two Different Sequencing-Based Typing Techniques.
The novel HLA-C*14:168 allele differs from HLA-C*14:02:01:02 by three nucleotides in exon 7.
Humans↗
Characterisation of the Novel HLA-C*05:312 Allele by Sequencing-Based Typing.
HLA-C*05:312 differs from HLA-C*05:01:01:01 by one nucleotide substitution in codon 308 in exon 5.
Humans↗
Characterisation of the Novel HLA-B*40:01:02:68Q Allele by Sequencing-Based Typing.
HLA-B*40:01:02:68Q differs from HLA-B*40:01:02:01 by one nucleotide substitution in intron 2 at the splice site with exon 3.
Humans↗
Characterisation of the Novel HLA-A*32:01:64 Allele by Sequencing-Based Typing.
HLA-A*32:01:64 differs from HLA-A*32:01:01:01 by one nucleotide substitution in codon 56 in exon 2.
Humans↗
Characterisation of the Novel HLA-A*29:02:42 Allele by Sequencing-Based Typing.
HLA-A*29:02:42 differs from HLA-A*29:02:01:01 by one nucleotide substitution in codon 193 in exon 4.
Humans↗
Characterisation of the Novel HLA-DPB1*1783:01 Allele by Sequencing-Based Typing.
HLA-DPB1*1783:01 differs from HLA-DPB1*14:01:01:01 by one nucleotide substitution in codon 117 in exon 3.
Humans↗
Characterisation of the Novel HLA-DRB1*11:351 Allele by Sequencing-Based Typing.
HLA-DRB1*11:351 differs from HLA-DRB1*11:04:01:01 by one nucleotide substitution in codon 229 in exon 5.
Humans↗
Characterisation of the Novel HLA-DQA1*01:203 Allele by Sequencing-Based Typing.
HLA-DQA1*01:203 differs from HLA-DQA1*01:02:01:01 by one nucleotide substitution in codon -18 in exon 1.
Humans↗
Genomic location and variation of the gene for CRS, a complement binding protein in the M57 strains of Streptococcus pyogenes.
All isolates of serotype M1 of group A streptococci possess a gene for streptococcal inhibitor of complement (SIC) in the mga regulon, which harbors genes for other virulence factors, such as M and M-like proteins, C5a peptidase, and a regulator. In serotype M57 the gene for a protein that is closely related to SIC (crs57) is located outside the mga regulon. We mapped the location of the crs57 gene in six strains of emm57 (gene encoding the M57 protein) sequence types to an intergenic region between the ABC transporter gene (SPy0778) and the gene for a small ribosomal protein (rpsU). The noncoding sequences on both sides of crs57 exhibited high degrees of identity to the corresponding regions of sic from M1 strains. This included one of the inverted repeat sequences of IS1562 but not the insertion element itself. These observations suggest that crs57 was recently acquired by serotype M57 or its progenitor via horizontal acquisition from serotype M1. The six emm57 sequence type isolates analyzed in this study belong to two distinct molecular types (vir types VT8 and VT101). Although the crs57 sequences from VT8 strains had very few substitution mutations, the VT101 crs57 sequence had a large number of such mutations. The CRS57 proteins from these strains are secretory products and have the ability to bind to complement proteins. All these proteins contain several tryptophan-rich repeats designated DWS motifs and internal repeat sequences. In all of these structural and biochemical characteristics CRS57 resembles SIC from M1 strains. Hence, CRS57 has a functional role similar to that of SIC in an M1 strain.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Characterisation of the Novel HLA-DQB1*02:80:02 Allele by Sequencing-Based Typing.
HLA-DQB1*02:80:02 differs from HLA-DQB1*02:02:01:01 by one nucleotide substitution in codon 174 in exon 3.
Humans↗
Characterisation of the Novel HLA-DQB1*05:357 Allele by Sequencing-Based Typing.
HLA-DQB1*05:357 differs from HLA-DQB1*05:03:01:01 by one nucleotide substitution in codon 6 in exon 2.
Humans↗
Characterisation of the Novel HLA-DQB1*05:356 Allele by Sequencing-Based Typing.
HLA-DQB1*05:356 differs from HLA-DQB1*05:03:01:01 by one nucleotide substitution in codon 14 in exon 2.
Humans↗
Characterisation of a Novel HLA-A*02:558 Allele by Sequencing-Based Typing in a Chinese Individual.
HLA-A*02:558 differs from HLA-A*02:06:01:01 by one nucleotide substitution in codon 96 in exon 3.
Humans↗
Characterisation of the HLA-DPB1*104:01:08 Allele by Sequencing-Based Typing.
HLA-DPB1*104:01:08 differs from HLA-DPB1*104:01:01:04 by one nucleotide substitution in codon 199 in exon 4.
Humans↗
Characterisation of the Novel HLA-C*16:01:01:42Q Allele by Sequencing-Based Typing.
HLA-C*16:01:01:42Q differs from HLA-C*16:01:01:01 by one nucleotide substitution in the splicing site between intron 2 and exon 3.
Humans↗
Evolution of nuclear rDNA ITS sequences in the Cladophora albida/sericea clade (Chlorophyta).
Ribosomal DNA ITS sequences were compared among 13 different species and biogeographic isolates from the monophyletic "albida/sericea clade" in the green algal genus Cladophora. Six distinct ITS sequence types were found, characterized by multiple insertions and deletions and high levels of nucleotide substitution. Conserved domains within the ITS regions indicate the presence of ITS secondary structure. Low transition/transversion ratios among the six types and nearly symmetrical tree-length frequency distributions indicate some saturation, and low phylogenetic signal. Although branching order among five of the six ITS sequence types could not be resolved, estimates of ITS sequence divergence as compared with 18S divergence in a subset of the taxa suggests that the origin of the different ITS types is probably in the mid-Miocene (12 Ma ago) but that biogeographic isolates within a single ITS type (including both Pacific and Atlantic representatives) have probably dispersed on a time scale of thousands rather than millions of years.
Base Sequence↗
Rapid, sensitive, specific, and quantitative detection of human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 sequence in peripheral blood mononuclear cells by an improved polymerase chain reaction method with nested primers.
Improving on the nested double polymerase chain reaction (PCR) described previously, we have developed a new two-step PCR (TS-PCR) method for detecting more specifically the human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) proviral sequences in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). In our TS-PCR method, the point of modification is to use optimal concentrations of primers in the first amplification step in the range of 0.01-0.025 microM. This increases sensitivity and specificity enough to detect from 1 to 10(5) copies of template DNA without radioisotopes. This method is rapid because of completion in 1 day and is also applicable for quantitative detection of clinical specimens. The data show that the quantitative detection of HTLV-1 proviral sequences by this method correlates with the anti-HTLV-1 antibody titers from serologic analysis of seropositive healthy carriers. Moreover, the TS-PCR method using each specific primer was also attempted for successful detection of other viral genomes; therefore, the principle of this method is widely suitable for routine detection of genomes in the basic and clinical microbiological fields.
Base Sequence↗