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At least 739 records · Page 41Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

[Clinical and pathological analysis of 114 patients with postoperative wound infections by M. abscessus].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the pathological findings of postoperative wound infections by M. abscessus. METHODS: Proven sources of infections in 114 patients with postoperative wound infections were contaminated instrument disinfection liquid. According to the wound exudates cultivation and bacteriologic identification, the pathogen of postoperative infections was proved M. abscessus. Pathological features of postoperative wound infections were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: The postoperative wound infections in 114 cases involved cutaneous and subcutaneous tissue 95(83.3%), deep muscular tissue 21(18.4%), local lymph nodes 13(11.4%) and visceral organ, peritoneum and mesentery 3(2.6%). The main pathological appearances were granulomatous lesions and nonspecific chronic pyogenic inflammations. The granulomatous lesions include pyogenic tuberculosis-like granuloma, atypical tuberculosis-like granuloma and tuberculosis-like granuloma. The three types of granuloma could be seen in the same case and the percentage of three types was 75.4%, 28.1%, 59.6% respectively. 38 cases (33.3%) were showed red mycobacterium at acid-fast stain. CONCLUSIONS: The pathological appearances of most postoperative wound infections by M. abscessus were more or less different from those of tuberculosis. Awareness of the pathologic features of the postoperative wound M. abscessus infections will facilitate the diagnosis so that appropriate therapy may be initiated before the disease is far advanced and prevent infection dissemination.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

[Complex treatment of patients with purulent-necrotic complications of diabetes mellitus].

Biochemical, immunological investigations were performed in dynamics for identification of pathogenic microorganisms in the wound in 375 patients with complicated diabetes mellitus. Content of the APUD-system hormones was determined using radioimmune method. Conservative treatment included administration of insulinum pro injectionibus, plasm, albumin, rheopolyglycine, vitamins, antihypoxants, antibiotics, metronidazole, immunotherapy, dalargin, sandostatinum, D-phenylalanine. In preoperative and postoperative periods were widely applied measures of organism detoxication, physiotherapeutic methods. Original method of xenoskin was applied for closure of the wound and ulcerative defect. Application of proposed method of treatment had permitted to improve its result.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed2001

Otitis media.

There is a high rate of use of antimicrobial drugs for otitis media in children. This article reviews the diagnostic considerations for acute otitis media. An extensive review of literature on this subject has been carried out in order to address the issues of indications, choice, appropriate doses of antimicrobial agents and the duration for which they should be used. It is important to distinguish acute otitis media from otitis media with effusion because antibiotics are seldom indicated for the latter condition. Oral amoxicillin remains first-line therapy for uncomplicated acute otitis media, a short course of antimicrobial therapy (five to seven days) may be appropriate in children two years of age or older with uncomplicated presentations. For clinical treatment failures after 3 days of amoxicillin, recommended antimicrobial agents include oral amoxicillin/clavulanate, cefuroxime axetil, cefprozil, cefpodoxime proxetil, and intramuscular (i.m.) ceftriaxone. Tympanocentesis for identification of pathogens and susceptibility to antimicrobial agents is recommended for selection of third-line agents.

Algorithms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Actual modalities of separation by magnetic methods of active biological compounds, cells and pathogenic agents].

The paper presents an overview on magnetic techniques of bio-processing and some of their possible applications. These techniques are in fact direct, or more frequently, indirect magnetic means for separation of particulate substances. A brief presentation of direct and of the most important indirect methods (magnetic carrier and magnetic fluids technologies) is made. There are shown some of the possible applications of magnetic bio-processing in bio-technology and medicine: active biological compounds fixation, isolation and modification, cells and cells organelles separation, removal of xenobiotics, immuno-magnetic testing, pathogen microbes identification.

Humans↗
PubMed2000

[Cloning and sequence analysis of SSU rRNA gene of cutaneous leishmaniasis pathogen from Xinjiang of China].

OBJECTIVE: By sequencing of SSU rRNA gene cloning from Xinjiang cutaneous leishmaniasis pathogen (XJCLP) to provide evidence for identification of the pathogen. METHODS: By PCR assay with primers R222 and R333, the specific fragment had been produced from SSU rRNA gene of XJCLP, L. infantum, L. tropica and cloned into pGEM-T Easy vector. The clones were sequenced by the Sanger dideoxy-mediated chain termination method, analysis of SSU rRNA gene sequences from XJCLP, L. tropica, L. infantum with DNASIS. RESULTS: Sequence analysis showed that the specific fragment of SSU rRNA gene from XJCLP, L. infantum, L. tropica, were all 394 bp in length. There were 391 bases identical and three point mutations between the sequences of XJCLP and L. tropica, the similarity being 99.2%; 390 bases identical and three point mutations and one insertion/deletion between the sequences of XJCLP and L. infantum, the similarity being 99.0%. One insertion/deletion between the sequences of L. tropica and L. infantum, the similarity being 99.7%. The primary and secondary structures of SSU rRNA gene from XJCLP differed from those of L. infantum and L. tropica. A retrieval from GenBank confirmed that these 394 bp sequence are new gene sequences. CONCLUSION: The primary and secondary structures of SSU rRNA gene from XJCLP, L. infantum, L. tropica were different. 394 bp sequence from SSU rRNA gene of XJCLP is a new gene sequence.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Field detection of eastern equine encephalitis virus in the Amazon Basin region of Peru using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction adapted for field identification of arthropod-borne pathogens.

In support of efforts to develop rapid diagnostic assays for use in the field, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays were developed to detect arboviruses circulating in the Amazon Basin region of Peru. Previous knowledge of arthropod/pathogen relationships allowed a focused evaluation to be conducted in November 2000 that assessed the feasibility and reliability of a mobile, rapid, field-expedient RT-PCR diagnostic system aimed at detecting eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV) in Culex (Melanoconion) pedroi mosquitoes. Modifications were made to a commercially available mobile molecular laboratory kit and assay procedures were tailored for use under harsh environmental conditions with field-collected and field-processed mosquitoes. From CO2 baited mosquito light traps, 3,227 Cx. (Mel.) pedroi mosquitoes were collected and sorted into 117 pools. The pools were processed and assayed in the field by RT-PCR and five of those pools were found positive for EEEV. Laboratory sequence analysis confirmed the presence of two distinct subtypes of EEEV.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Rapid detection and identification of tomato vascular wilt pathogens using a DNA array.

Fusarium wilt, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici, and Verticillium wilt, caused by either Verticillium albo-atrum or V. dahliae, are devastating diseases of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) found worldwide. Monitoring is the cornerstone of integrated pest management of any disease. The lack of rapid, accurate, and reliable means by which plant pathogens can be detected and identified is one of the main limitations in integrated disease management. In this paper, we describe the development of a molecular detection system, based on DNA array technology, for rapid and efficient detection of these vascular wilt pathogens. We demonstrate that by using this array these pathogens can be detected within 24 h from complex substrates like soil, plant material, and samples as they are collected by tomato growers in their greenhouses.

DNA, Fungal↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Genetic basis of neurodegeneration in familial Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common form of dementia, is characterized by two types of brain lesions, referred to as senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Moreover, neuronal cell loss and synaptic degeneration appear in affected regions of the brain. A series of endoproteolytic cleavages of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) controlled by alpha, beta, and gamma-secretases leads to a formation of non-amyloidogenic (the alpha-secretase pathway) and amyloidogenic (the beta-secretase pathway) products which are essential for neurodegeneration. According to the "amyloid cascade hypothesis", the accumulation of amyloid beta (Abeta) peptides in the brain is a primary event in the pathogenesis of AD. One of the strong pieces of evidence supporting this hypothesis was the identification of pathogenic mutations within APP, presenilin 1 and presenilin 2 genes responsible for familial autosomal dominant AD. These mutations affect APP processing causing overproduction of Abeta42. Finding specific inhibitors of the Abeta42 generation is a major goal of AD drug development programs now and the key challenge for the treatment of the most devasting disease of human brain.

Alzheimer Disease↗
PubMed2005

[The contribution of molecular genetics to clinical cardiology: the example of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy].

Recent advances in molecular genetics have resulted in the identification of pathogenic mutations in a number of genes which cause hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). In order to integrate this increasing genetic knowledge of HCM into the cardiology clinic, we offer all patients and their families diagnosis and genetic counselling based on these current data. In addition, within the framework of a multidisciplinary project between the Divisions of Medical Genetics, Cardiology and Pediatric Cardiology of the University Hospitals of Geneva, we have developed a resequencing array enabling rapid molecular diagnosis of HCM. Data from this study will enhance our understanding of the aetiology of HCM, and improve our knowledge of genotype-phenotype correlations. This information will enable us to develop new therapeutic and preventive concepts, with the aim of tailoring therapies to the specific genetic variant of each patient and its family.

Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic↗
PubMed1992

DNA technology.

Scientific developments in molecular biology enable clinical laboratory testing to directly examine genetic information coded in biologic specimens. These efforts, accomplished by the use of DNA probe technology in the in situ hybridization and other tests will allow for the specific identification of pathogens; recognition of genetic diseases; and the critical evaluation of the genetic basis of cancer. The authors discuss the concepts and uses of DNA testing.

Cloning, Molecular↗
PubMed2005

Outbreak of cholera in & around Chandigarh during two successive years (2002, 2003).

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Outbreaks of cholera caused by Vibrio cholerae O1 Ogawa occurred in and around Chandigarh during two successive year 2002 and 2003. This study highlights the antibiotic sensitivity and phage typing pattern of V. cholerae isolates during 2002 and 2003. METHODS: Faecal specimens from acute gastroenteritis cases from July to September, 2002 and in the same month in 2003 were collected. Isolation and identification of pathogen was done according to standard methodology. Simultaneously water samples from the areas reporting the maximum number of cholera cases were also processed. Antibiotic susceptibility pattern of the isolates was studied and isolates were sent to National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (NICED), Kolkata for confirmation and phage typing. RESULTS: Of the 156 patients in 2002 and 125 in 2003, 59 and 40 isolates respectively were found to be positive for V. cholerae O1 serotype Ogawa biotype El tor. Of the 45 water samples tested in 2002, eight were found to be positive for V. cholerae O1 serotype Ogawa biotype El tor. None of the 52 water samples tested in 2003 was found to be positive for V. cholerae. Phage type 27 was found to be the predominant type for both the years. Majority of the clinical isolates were found to be resistant to more than two drugs. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSION: The drug resistance in V. cholerae was on the rise during the subsequent outbreak. Phage 27 remained the predominant type in both the years. The major reason for the outbreak was traced to be contaminated water of the hand pumps in the affected area. Continuous surveillance of the outbreak is necessary to contain the spread of transmission.

Bacteriophage Typing↗
PubMed1991

[Rational diagnosis of urinary tract infections].

The basis for a rational diagnostic work-up of urinary tract infections is a detailed history and a maximally standardised examination of the urine, with test strips measuring, measurement of specific density, microscopic examination of the sediment, and determination of the bacterial count in the urine employing dipstick procedures are recommended for use in the doctor's office. Isolation and identification of pathogens and the preparation of an antibiogram require a special knowledge of microbiological techniques. A requirement for the evaluation of the urine and its constituents is a knowledge of how the urine was collected; we recommend spontaneously passed urine in men and young children, and catheter urine in the case of women. Chronic inflammation of the male adnexa and chronic recurrent urinary tract infections requires radiological studies by the urologist, including a urogram, a urethrocystogram, a miction cystogram, urethropyelography and ultrasonography. Occasionally, nuclear-medical investigations and angiography or computed tomography may be necessary to obtain further clarification. In the case of outflow obstructions in the region of the lower urinary tract or urge or stress incontinence, uroflowmetry and cystometry should be performed. With the aid of this "stepwise diagnostic evaluation", both optimal clarification of the urinary tract infection and a saving of costs are possible.

Bacteriuria↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Prevention of late abortion and high risk premature labor--measures suited for routine practice].

Ascending infection is likely to be the main cause of late abortion and early delivery. In a retrospective evaluation performed at our hospital, evidence of infection was encountered in 76% of 195 pregnancies with premature infants having birth weights less than 2000 g. It may be assumed that the processes responsible for this development take place at the lower pole. It was against this background that we developed a programme designed to contribute to an effective prevention of late abortion and early delivery. The essential requirement is that measurements of vaginal pH enter into routine use during prenatal care. This simple procedure allows for the identification of many (not all) vaginal disorders that might occur in patients at risk. In the presence of other serious anamnestic or diagnostic evidence of imminent late abortion or early delivery, specific bacteriologic examinations including a check-up for chlamydia, vaginal ultrasonography of the cervix and testing for CRP should be carried out. Lower pole lavage, a procedure recently developed by the authors, facilitates the identification of pathogens in the upper part of the infected area, as compared to conventional vaginal and cervical smear. Following are the most important therapeutic measures: An early total blockage of the os uteri is desirable in patients with a clinical history of late abortion or premature infants with little chance of surviving. Acidifying local treatment with Lactobacillus acidophilus is recommended in the presence of abnormally high vaginal pH values (over 4.2). If pathogenic or potentially pathogenic micro-organisms are identified in the upper part of the infected area, local antibiotic therapy should be resorted to, if useful; otherwise systemic antibiotics should be given. If the patient shows definite symptoms of imminent late abortion or early delivery (e.g. critical cervical findings and/or premature labour and/or positive CRP values), systemic wide-spectrum antibiotics should be administered, even if no pathogens have been encountered. The first assessments of the effectiveness of this programme have shown that since its institution in 1989 and 1990, the incidence of underweight infants (birth weight below 1500 g) was significantly reduced at this hospital (by 30%) as compared to the years 1987 and 1988. On the other hand, the incidence of larger underweight infants having a birth weight of 1500 g and more was shown to rise slightly by 9%, while the total number of underweight infants remained unchanged (8.7%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Abortion, Septic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The use of exoantigens for identifying Histoplasma capsulatum].

The exoantigen test has been successfully used in the last years for the immunological identification of pathogenic fungi. Twenty seven straing presumptively identified as Histoplasma capsulatum by morphologic methods, were studied by such test. The exoantigens obtained from each strain were studied by immunoprecipitation technique in front of histoplasmosis control sera experimentally obtained in rabbits. Reference strains of Histoplasma capsulatum. Histoplasma duboisii and Paracoccidioides brasiliensis were used. Of the strains studied, 96% was identified as H. capsulatum by the exoantigen test, a simple, rapid and highly specific technique greatly useful in the laboratories of Microbiology.

Antigens, Fungal↗
PubMed1990

Therapeutic dilemmas in the treatment of pelvic infections.

The identification of pathogens and the early recognition of pelvic infections in patients after hysterectomy, cesarean delivery and vaginal delivery were analyzed. Criteria for administering cephamycin therapy were established, as were guidelines for evaluating the progress of the infection. In a comparative study of the safety and efficacy of cefmetazole and cefoxitin in 145 hospitalized patients with pelvic infections there were no significant differences between either the bacteriologic or clinical cure rates of the two antibiotics. Both were efficacious and safe for the treatment of obstetric-gynecologic soft tissue infections.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1986

[Antigenic interrelations within the species Clostridium novyi, C. histolyticum and C. septicum as a basis for developing an immunofluorescence method].

The cellular and antigenic interrelations within each Clostridium species have been studied with a view to the selection of strains for the preparation of specific rabbit antisera possessing a wide serological spectrum of action within the species. The indirect immunofluorescence test making it possible to determine the species of clostridia in native pathological material from wounds or in cultures, subjected to short-term incubation, within 1-1.5 hours has been developed. This test can be used in laboratory practice for the diagnosis of gas gangrene in humans, as well as for the identification of pathogenic clostridia.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Current problems in the microbiological control of food].

The paper deals with a number of aspects of current interest and significance on the subject of the microbiological testing of food with particular reference to the role of research institutes. The main objectives of microbiological testing of food are essentially two: (i) to establish the absence of a human health hazard due to microbial contamination of food (food safety); and (ii) to define the quality standard of food (food quality). As far as the first of these objectives is concerned, the outcome of the assay necessarily emerges not only from identification of pathogens but also from definition of their pathogenicity and virulence characteristics and of critical factors for their transmission. Alongside the classic pathogens, evidence has recently been found indicating that four additional bacteria, namely Yersinia enterocolitica, Campylobacter jejuni, Vibrio cholerae non 0-1 and Listeria monocytogenes, also play an important role in food-borne disease. The most characteristic biological, ecological and epidemiologic aspects related to human food-borne disease are described for these bacteria. As regards the second objective, i.e. food quality, stress is laid on the role played by microbial indicators and their predictivity for pathogenic micro-organisms, which does not always exist. This depends on three basic differential factors: (i) biological characteristics giving rise to different diffusion, dilution and extinction phenomena, or, on the other hand, multiplication of such pathogens in the environment and in food; (ii) resistance to the natural inactivation mechanisms, whether of a general or specific nature, of each alimentary substrate; and (iii) the ecological and epidemiological pattern. By way of examples, two experiences indicating the lack of predictivity of the faecal indicators for enterovirus and Vibrio cholerae non 0-1 are reported. Nevertheless, standard microbiological testing for mesophilic flora and indicators are fundamental instruments in the analysis of food quality at all stages of production (supply of raw materials, good manufacturing practices, characteristics of the product during shelf life), and this type of testing, when performed by industrial-scale food producers, may guarantee a high standard of food quality and its progressive improvement.

Campylobacter↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Development of molecular probes for the diagnosis of mycobacteria].

The presence of a repetitive sequence in Mycobacterium bovis DNA was demonstrated. This sequence was also found in M. tuberculosis DNA but was absent in M. kansasii, M. flavescens, M. fortuitum, M. vaccae, M. leprae, M. phlei, M. smegmatis and M. marinum. This repetitive sequence was found to be polymorphic in M. tuberculosis but not in BCG. Dot hybridization analysis suggested that the repetitive sequence could be useful in the identification of pathogenic Mycobacterium in clinical samples.

DNA Probes↗