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Results for “parainfluenza virus”

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At least 739 records · Page 41Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Experimental infection of human leukocytes with parainfluenza 1 (6/94) virus.

Parainfluenza 1 (6/94) virus replicated in both unstimulated and phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated human peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL). After exposure of PBL to 6/94 virus at a multiplicity of infection of 1, the presence of viral antigen was demonstrated by immunofluorescence in the cytoplasm of less than 1% of unstimulated PBL and 1 to 5% of macrophages. Small amounts (less than 50 mean egg infective doses per ml in most instances) of cell-free virus were present in 18 of 30 (60%) cell cultures tested from 3 to 8 days postinfection. Cell-free virus peaked 6 days postinfection. Virus replication was enhanced in PHA-stimulated cells. Approximately 1 to 10% of PHA-stimulated PBL contained viral antigen as evidenced by immunofluorescence, and cell-free virus was present in 19 of 25 (76%) of the cell cultures tested from 3 to 8 days postinfection. Paramyxovirus nucleocapsids and tubular aggregates were seen in the cytoplasm of approximately 5% of PHA-stimulated PBL and were visualized only in lymphocytes. No other unusual intracytoplasmic or intranuclear structures were seen.

Capsid↗
PubMed2005

[A field trial of recombinant human interferon alpha-2b for nasal spray to prevent SARS and other respiratory viral infections].

OBJECTIVE: To study the preventive effect of recombinant human interferon alpha-2b for nasal spray against SARS and other common respiratory viral infections by serum-epidemiological method. METHODS: A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind field trial study in populations with 14,391 persons from SARS prevalent cities or provinces in China during May-Jun, 2003 and Dec-Apr, 2004. Interferon alpha-2b was given twice per day, once 9 x 10(5) IU by nasal spray for 5 days. Serum samples were taken at 15 days after last administration. Serological tests included SARS IgG antibody and IgM antibodies against influenza B, parainfluenza virus types 1-3, adenovirus type 3, 7 and respiratory syncytial virus by using commercial ELISA kits. RESULTS: No statistically significant difference in serum SARS IgG antibody positive rate was found between the interferon and control groups among 2,757 serum samples. On the other hand, after using interferon, all four respiratory viruses (parainfluenza virus types 1-3 influenza B, adenovirus types 3, 7 and respiratory syncytial virus) in interferon group had lower IgM antibody positive rates than those in control group. Among them there were statistically significant differences between the interferon and control groups for parainfluenza virus, influenza B and adenovirus. The preventive efficacy of interferon against four respiratory viruses was different, from high to low, the rank was Flu B (66.76%), parainfluenza types 1-3 (66.75%), RSV (39.61%) and adenovirus (32.86%). The average preventive efficacy was 50.27%. CONCLUSION: The recombinant human interferon alpha-2b for nasal spray could decrease the rates of common respiratory viruses infection in the selected population.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMed1993

Canine distemper virus L gene: sequence and comparison with related viruses.

We cloned the genomic RNA of canine distemper virus (CDV) and determined the nucleotide sequence of the large (L) protein-coding gene. The L gene is 6573 nucleotides long and contains a single open reading frame coding for a polypeptide of 2161 amino acids (MW 246,354). The precise 5' end of the viral genome consists of a 38-nucleotide leader region. The CDV L protein shows over 77% amino acid similarity with its morbilliform relative measles virus (MV) with nearly 67% of their amino acids conserved. The sequence homology of 11 negative strand viruses L proteins is compared and relatedness was found in the following decreasing order: CDV, MV, Sendai virus, parainfluenza virus type 3, simian virus 5, parainfluenza virus type 2, mumps virus, Newcastle disease virus, respiratory syncytial virus, vesicular stomatitis virus, rabies virus. The consensus sequence of proposed functional domains involved in L gene catalytic activities was well conserved in the CDV L protein.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1996

Diagnosis of viral respiratory tract infections in children by using a reverse transcription-PCR panel.

Reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) is a sensitive method for detection of RNA virus nucleic acid sequences in clinical respiratory specimens. Previous studies have focused on RT-PCR for a single virus, but this approach is limited by the inability to establish a specific etiology when the RT-PCR result is negative and by the inability to document simultaneous infections involving more than one virus. The purpose of this study was to apply a panel of RT-PCR protocols for respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza virus, and picornaviruses to respiratory specimens from 80 children suspected to have acute viral respiratory tract infections and to correlate RT-PCR results with viral culture results and clinical diagnosis. In comparison with viral culture, the RT-PCR panel had a sensitivity of over 94% and showed evidence of simultaneous infections in a significantly greater proportion of specimens (20.0% versus 3.8%; P < 0.002). For specimens in which no viruses were detected by culture, the proportion of specimens with positive picornavirus RT-PCR results was significantly greater than the proportion of specimens with positive respiratory syncytial virus or parainfluenza virus RT-PCR results (P < 0.001). There were no statistically significant associations between RT-PCR results and clinical diagnosis. In summary, the RT-PCR panel provides an improved approach to obtain new insights into acute viral respiratory tract infections in children.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed2000

SimulFluor respiratory screen for rapid detection of multiple respiratory viruses in clinical specimens by immunofluorescence staining.

A new rapid direct immunofluorescence assay (DFA) respiratory screen reagent for detection of seven common respiratory viruses (respiratory syncytial virus [RSV], influenza A and B viruses, parainfluenza virus types 1 to 3, and adenovirus) was compared with standard single or dual DFA reagents and culture. In total, 1,531 respiratory samples were adequate for testing with both SimulFluor Respiratory Screen (RS) reagent (Chemicon International, Temecula, Calif.) and single or dual DFA reagents. The RS DFA reagent detected 367 (98.4%) and single or dual DFA reagents detected 368 (98.7%) of 373 DFA-positive samples. In addition, the RS DFA reagent was equivalent to or better than culture for detection of all viruses except adenovirus. Only 15 of 799 (1.9%) RS-negative samples inoculated into cell cultures yielded respiratory virus isolates (one RSV, five influenza A virus, two influenza B virus, one parainfluenza virus, and six adenovirus). Sixty-six other virus isolates (13 rhinovirus, 24 cytomegalovirus, 28 herpes simplex virus type 1, and 1 enterovirus) were also recovered in culture. With cytospin preparation of slides, only 7.5% of samples submitted were deemed inadequate for DFA. The availability of a rapid DFA screening reagent for detection of multiple common respiratory viruses within 1 to 2 h of sample collection should be of great benefit in terms of patient management and infection control.

Adenoviruses, Human↗
PubMed2006

Infectious diseases in children admitted from a residential child care centre.

OBJECTIVES: To describe the pattern of infectious diseases among children admitted from a residential child care centre and to identify any unusual clusters of admissions. DESIGN: Retrospective case review. SETTING: Regional hospital, Hong Kong. PATIENTS: All children from a residential child care centre aged over 28 days who were admitted from the Accident and Emergency Department to paediatric wards for infections from 1 January 1999 to 31 December 2003. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Demographic data, clinical diagnoses, infectious diseases identified, and incidence and seasonal pattern of various infections. RESULTS: Of 267 children admitted to the hospital over the 5-year period, 221 had infectious diseases. Respiratory tract infections, viral exanthema, and gastroenteritis were present in 83.7%, 7.2%, and 5.9%, respectively. Among those with a respiratory tract infection, 22.7%, 9.2%, and 8.6% had respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza virus, and influenza A or B viruses, respectively. Two unusual clusters of respiratory syncytial virus and parainfluenza virus were recognised in late 2003. CONCLUSION: Children in this residential child care centre were at risk of infectious diseases. Respiratory tract infection is the most common infectious disease in this centre. An outbreak of respiratory tract infection was recognised. Further efforts may be necessary to improve infection control measures in this setting.

Adolescent↗