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At least 739 records · Page 41Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

[Diagnosis of early disorders of kidney function in lesions of the pancreato-biliary system].

The renal function was investigated in 209 patients with the pancreato-biliary pathology. The investigation was carried out dynamically prior to and after the operation. All patients showed functional changes in the kidneys being aggravated in the postoperative period. The concentration and nitrogen excretion functions, the renal function of electrolyte metabolism and maintenance of the acid-base balance were found to be mostly impaired. These changes proved to be the least pronounced in calculous cholecystitis and mostly pronounced in mechanic jaundice. Recognition of early disorders in the renal function may prevent the development of hepato-renal insufficiency, which is one of the main causes of postoperative mortality in patients with the pancreato-biliary pathology.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗
PubMed1989

Effects of chronic ochratoxin A and citrinin toxicosis on kidney function of single comb White Leghorn pullets.

The objectives of the present study were to examine the effects of repeated or chronic ochratoxin A (OA) and citrinin exposure, and to determine if severe ochratoxicosis permanently alters renal function in pullets. The OA-treated birds were injected intramuscularly (breast muscle) with a 1 mg/mL solution of OA at a dose of .25 mg/kg BW or .5 mg/kg BW. Citrinin-treated birds were injected with a 6 mg/mL solution of citrinin at a dose of 6 mg/kg BW. Control birds received an equal volume injection of the citrinin and OA solvent, 100% ethanol, at a dose of 1 mL/kg BW. Kidney function was evaluated after 10 consecutive days of OA, citrinin, or ethanol injection, and 2 wk following the final injections. Venous blood gas measurements were taken after the seventh day of injection. The OA increased urine flow rate, decreased urine osmolality, increased ion excretion (Na, K, Ca, P), increased water consumption, increased manure moisture, and caused a relative alkalosis when measured immediately after 10 days of OA injection. These effects of OA were not detected 2 wk later. Citrinin increased manure moisture, decreased plasma P, increased the clearance of para-aminohippuric acid, and had no consistent effect on blood acid-base parameters. The results suggest that OA may cause an osmotic diuresis by inhibiting tubular reabsorption of electrolytes. The data also suggests that the effects of OA may be reversible simply by discontinuing toxin administration. Although the citrinin-induced increase in manure moisture indicates that citrinin had an effect on renal function, renal function analysis suggests that even repeated exposure to high doses of citrinin may only have a short duration of diuretic action on the kidneys.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1992

[Nifedipine versus nitroglycerin in aortocoronary bypass surgery. The effect on hemodynamics, kidney function and homologous blood requirement].

Even during adequate general anesthesia, hypertension is a common phenomenon in patients undergoing aortocoronary bypass grafting (CABG). In such cases application of vasodilators is recommended in order to decrease myocardial oxygen consumption. This study was performed to compare two commonly used substances, i.e., nitrates and nifedipine, with regard to their influence on hemodynamics, renal blood flow, kidney function, and the requirement for homologous blood transfusions. METHODS. Forty-four patients gave their informed consent to the study. They were randomly divided into 2 groups: group 1 received nitroglycerin (3.0 micrograms/kg.min), group 2 nifedipine (Adalat, 0.5 microgram/kg.min) in order to prevent hypertension in the phase before onset of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Anesthesia was induced by etomidate and succinylcholine and maintained as a modified neuroleptanalgesia with fentanyl (up to 50 micrograms/kg), midazolam (0.3 mg/kg.h), and pancuronium (0.1 mg/kg). Systolic blood pressure was kept within the range of 120-160 mm Hg; in case of higher values boluses of either 0.25 mg nitroglycerin or 0.5 mg nifedipine were administered. Cardiac index, stroke volume index, rate-pressure product, intrapulmonary shunt, and pulmonary and total peripheral resistances were evaluated at five predefined points: (1) after induction of anesthesia; (2) before incision; (3) before cannulating the aorta; (4) after decannulating the aorta; and (5) at the end of operation. Creatinine and free-water clearances as well as sodium and potassium excretion were calculated for three phases of the operation: (A) induction of anesthesia--onset of CPB; (B) during CPB; and (C) end of CPB--end of operation. CPB was performed using a membrane oxygenator (Sorin 51) and a nonpulsatile blood flow of 2.5 1/min.m2, which was reduced during mild hypothermia of 30-32 degrees C to 1.7 l/min.m2. Mean arterial pressure in both groups was kept at approximately 70 mm Hg. In case of lower pressures norepinephrine (50-100 micrograms/bolus) was administered; higher pressures were treated as described above. Volume substitution was performed initially by 500 ml hydroxyethyl starch and continued, if necessary, by homologous blood or 5% human albumin in order to keep the hematocrit greater than 30 in the phases before and after CPB. RESULTS. Group 2 showed significantly higher values of cardiac index and stroke volume index at point 3 while the rate-pressure product was clearly lower, indicating better myocardial performance and lower oxygen consumption than in group 1. Creatinine and free-water clearances in all three phases did not differ. However, sodium excretion during CPB was significantly higher in the nifedipine group while potassium excretion showed no differences. The average requirement for blood and blood substitutes was lower in group 2, but the difference could not be confirmed statistically because of the large dispersion of values. Nevertheless, 4 patients in the nifedipine group but no patient in group 1 did not need homologous blood transfusion. CONCLUSION. In comparison to nitrates, nifedipine showed some advantages in the treatment of hypertension during CABG: (1) it provided better myocardial performance; (2) it had a more reliable but not too long-lasting effect on elevated total peripherial resistance, leading to better hemodynamic stability; and (3) by not affecting the capacitance vessels it may necessitate fewer homologous blood transfusions.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Kidney function estimated with different formulas in centenarians.

PURPOSE: There are growing doubts about the accuracy of Cockcroft-Gault formula (CG) used for the estimation of creatinine clearance, especially in elderly. Recently, the authors of the multicenter trial of the Modification of Diet in Renal Diseases (MDRD) have proposed a new equation. Moreover, Baracskay et al. (B), proposed the special formula for the estimation of kidney function (KF) in elderly. The aim of our study was to compare the results of KF calculated with these three formulas in centenarians. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study involved 50 centenarian subjects aged 100-111 years (41 females and 9 males) who participated in Polish Centenarians Program. In all of them KF was estimated with the CG, B and MDRD formulas. RESULTS: In the whole population examined, the mean KF according to CG was lower in comparison to both others (p < 0.001 vs both B and MDRD). Also, in females CG results were the lowest (p < 0.001 vs both B and MDRD). In contrast, KF calculated according to CG and B did not differ in males. The results of the MDRD formula significantly exceeded the two others also in males (p < 0.001 vs CG and B). No impact of gender on the obtained results could be found when CG and MDRD were used. However, according to B, the mean values for females were higher (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: KF calculated with the CG, B and MDRD formulas significantly differed in the centenarians examined. Thus, further studies, which include a reference standard, are necessary to answer the question which of these mathematical formulas is the most reliable for the calculation of KF in the elderly.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Postnatal development of kidney function in rats receiving thyroid hormones.

In immature rats, renal excretion of p-aminohippurate (PAH) can be increased by daily pretreatment with triiodothyronine (T3) or tetraiodothyronine (T4) beginning on the 2nd day after birth (10 micrograms/100 g b.wt. i.p.). The increase of PAH excretion is nearly of the same extent, if 5-, 10-, 20-, 30-, 50-, and 105-day-old rats were pretreated with thyroid hormones (10 micrograms/100 g b.wt. i.p., 3 days, once daily). There is no strongly dose dependent renal effect of T3 and T4, respectively. The time course of stimulation of renal PAH excretion was also characterized in rats of different ages. Simultaneous pretreatment of young and adult rats with cyclopenthiazide and T3 is not distinctly more effective as both components given alone. Particularly the low degree of stimulation in young rats receiving cyclopenthiazide cannot be pronounced by additional T3 administration. Inhibitors of protein biosynthesis (azauracil, neomycin) can antagonize the stimulation of renal p-amino-hippurate excretion in rats receiving T3. The presented data indicate that T3 is effective in young rats. Furthermore, T4 can be converted to T3 in young rats, too. The importance of an intact protein synthesis seems to be a prerequisite to stimulate the kidney function by T3 pretreatment.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2003

[Parameters of bone metabolism in patients with various degrees of kidney function damage].

BACKGROUND: Patients with renal failure frequently have their calcium and phosphate metabolism seriously disrupted. It may result in a skeletal malady--the renal osteopathy. Late forms of this syndrome are difficult to cure. The aim of this comparative study is to follow the relation between parameters of the bone metabolism (calcitriol, calcidiol, parathormone, calcitonin, osteocalcin, Pi, Ca--total or ionised, and others) and the degree of deterioration of the kidney function. METHODS AND RESULTS: Three groups of patients were included into the study: A-hemodialyzed patients with chronic renal failure (Ccreat = 0.07 +/- 0.02 ml/s, n = 21, age 71.0 +/- 10.6 years); B--not dialyzed patients with decreased renal function (Ccreat = 0.33 +/- 0.05 ml/s, n = 19, age 65.0 +/- 9.6 years); C--patients with normal renal function (Ccreat = 1.45 +/- 0.12 ml/s, n = 16, age 85.2 +/- 4.7 years). Calcidiol concentration [microgram/l] did not differ in individual groups (A: 11.3 +/- 4.7, B: 10.7 +/- 8.2, C: 11.7 +/- 5.7, reference limits RM: 8.9-46.7). In contrast, calcitriol concentration [ng/l] was statistically different in all studied groups (A: 1.7 +/- 2.8, B: 17.6 +/- 12.4, C: 30.6 +/- 9.1, p < 0.001, RM: 19.9-67.0) and it correlated with the degree of renal function deterioration (calcitriol vs. creatinine, r = -0.76, p < 0.001). In PTH levels (pmol/l) the group C differed significantly from groups A and B (A: 27.4 +/- 32.0, B: 23.7 +/- 16.5, C: 6.2 +/- 2.4, C vs. A, p < 0.01, C vs. B, p < 0.001, RM: 1.0-6.8). PTH concentrations correlated with osteocalcine and HCO3 (r = 0.74, r = -0.56, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Results of the tested parameters have shown that abnormalities in the bone metabolism significantly correlate with the degree of renal deterioration. It demonstrates the requirements for vitamin D metabolites supplementation for patients is needed already in the pre-dialysis stage.

Aged↗