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At least 739 records · Page 41Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Urodynamic investigations and their reproducibility in healthy postmenopausal females.

Twelve healthy postmenopausal volunteers underwent urodynamic investigation twice within two months. The two investigations were highly reproducible. The maximum urethral closure pressure and the functional profile length were on average 51.8 cm H2O, and 2.8 cm, respectively and were significantly lower than the values previously found in healthy fertile women. The maximum flow rate was 24.7 ml/sec. The flow rates, the cystometric and pressure-flow parameters were compared to previously obtained values in healthy fertile women and showed no differences except for a significantly higher premicturition detrusor and intravesical pressure in the postmenopausal group.

Female↗
PubMed1988

[Structure and function of a cell-associated complement regulatory protein, membrane cofactor protein (MCP)].

Based on evidence suggesting that human leukocytes have factor I cofactor activity that is distinct from C3b/C4b receptor (CR1), we purified the cofactor protein from several human leukocyte cell-lines, and its structural and functional properties assessed. This protein migrates Mr 45,000-70,000 dalton region with a broad singlet or doublet on SDS-PAGE, specifically binds to C3b and C4b, has an acidic pI around pH 4, is rich in proline in amino acid analysis, possesses both N-linked and O-linked oligosaccharides, generates iC3b by acting as a cofactor for I-mediated C3b cleavage, and does not disassemble the C3 convertases. This protein therefore shares some common properties characteristic to complement regulatory proteins, CR1, H, and C4b-binding protein (C4bp). In addition, the functional profile of this protein is complementary to that of decay-accelerating factor (DAF) that has been known to be a protective protein for complement-mediated cell damage. We named this protein membrane cofactor protein (MCP), and suspect that the reason DAF and MCP are widely distributed on human peripheral blood cells relates to their synergistic activity profile such that complement activation on autologous tissue is inhibited.

Antigens, CD↗
PubMed1987

[Functional follow-up of pulmonary localization of scleroderma].

Pulmonary lesions of scleroderma are frequent, but little is known of their course, especially where lung function is concerned. We report the results of a longitudinal study performed in 32 patients with generalized scleroderma (ARA criteria) explored on at least 2 occasions with an interval of at least 24 months between the two examinations. Functional alterations seemed to be more pronounced in patients with severe Raynaud's syndrome, but in view of major individual variations no pathognomonic functional profile could be described.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of three sustained-release theophylline preparations (Theograd, 350 mg Theolair Retard, and 300 mg Theolin Retard) in steady state in six normals and six patients with chronic asthmatic bronchitis--Part II: Lung function.

The lung function profiles of a group of six healthy volunteers and six patients with moderately severe asthmatic bronchitis were compared after one theophylline infusion and after oral administration of Theograd (350 mg), Theolair Retard (350 mg), and Theolin Retard (300 mg) all given twice daily for 1 week. The group of patients showed a good reversibility of bronchoconstriction after intravenous theophylline administration; however, only minor improvement was observed at the levels reached after relatively low oral doses.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Cholescintigraphy and hepatic clearance of 99mTc-p-butyl HIDA in Gilbert's syndrome].

99mTc-p-butyl IDA clearance was measured in three subjects with Gilbert's syndrome at the same time as traditional cholescintigraphy. Cholescintigraphy persistently revealed a delayed liver display together with a normal fast display of the biliary ways. The Tu (semi-uptake time) of 99mTc-p-butyl IDA was higher in all three cases than in normal subjects, whereas Te (semisecretion time) was normal in all cases. The typical liver function profile provided by the association of cholescintigraphy and 99mTc-p-butyl IDA hepatocyte clearance renders the examination, which is both simple and free of side-effects, extremely useful in the clinical identification of subjects with suspected Gilbert's syndrome.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Etiology of recurrent pregnancy losses and outcome of subsequent pregnancies.

Prospective evaluation of 155 couples with two or more consecutive pregnancy losses disclosed uterine morphologic abnormalities in 27%, chromosomal abnormalities in 21 individuals (7.7%, or 15.4% of the couples), and at least one abnormal diagnostic test suggestive of a cause for recurrent pregnancy losses in 106 (68%). A positive test for antinuclear antibody was found in 7.5% of the women, whereas the expected rate in a population of this age is less than 2%. Cervical cultures for Ureaplasma urealyticum (T-strain mycoplasma) were positive in 48% of the women, and 28% of these women had a genetic or uterine abnormality to explain their pregnancy losses. Thyroid function profiles and cervical cultures for Mycoplasma hominis provided no significant information in the evaluation in these couples. With the exception of women with a positive antinuclear antibody, the overall prognosis for later pregnancies was quite good whether the diagnostic evaluation of the couple was normal (77% subsequent live births) or abnormal (71% subsequent live births). The significance of the positive antinuclear antibody in these women is unclear, but further studies and long-term evaluation are necessary to determine the relationship between recurrent pregnancy losses and later development of collagen-vascular diseases.

Abortion, Habitual↗
PubMed1983

Urodynamic appraisal of the Bonney test in women with stress urinary incontinence.

To determine the validity of the Bonney test as a prognostic screening test for urinary incontinence, the urethral and urethrovesical functions were studied under resting and stressful conditions. The characteristic similarity of changes was evident in the functional profile length, closure pressure, and cough pressure profile of the urethra during performance of the Bonney test and intentional urethral occlusion. This study clearly invalidated the Bonney test by objectively demonstrating that the Bonney test restored continence under stress of coughing by obstructing the urethra and urethrovesical junction.

Female↗
PubMed1984

Dose-rate distribution in wedged beams of 9 MV X-rays from Linac Neptune 10p and of gamma-ray beams from Gammatron 80S.

The method of calculation of the two- and three-dimensional dose-rate distribution for wedged beams of 9 MV X-rays and Co-60 gamma-rays is presented. The method was examined for Linac Neptune 10p and Gammatron 80S. The experimental results show that for computing the dose-rate distribution of a wedged beam it is sufficient to know: 1. the profile function for open fields defined as the relative dose-rate distribution across the radiation beam and 2. the parameters of the wedge filter. The computed and measured results are presented in tables and on graphs.

Cobalt Radioisotopes↗
PubMed1982

Characterization of two subsets of human T gamma cells.

Normal human E rosette-forming, Fc-IgG receptor-bearing cells (so-called T gamma cells) were separated into two functionally different subpopulations. Both subpopulations bind the monoclonal antibody OKM1 (directed against an antigen present also on monocytes and granulocytes). The first subpopulation accounts for about 70% of the total T gamma cell population, does not bind OKT3 (a monoclonal antibody directed against an antigen present on most T lymphocytes), and displays strong killer (K) cell and natural killer (NK) cell activity. The second subpopulation accounts for about 30% of the total T gamma population, binds both OKT3 and OKM1 (confirmed with a double-labeling assay), and displays low K and NK cell activity. Each subset contained less than 10% null cells. Comparison of T gamma cell populations obtained by adherence to a monolayer of IgG-coated human erythrocytes or by rosette formation with these cells revealed that pure T gamma cells with normal killer cell and natural killer cell activity were best obtained with the monolayer technique. Comparison of the enzymic and functional profile of T gamma cells, monocytes and granulocytes, as well as changes during culture of these cells in vitro, failed to indicate a relationship between T gamma cells and cells of the myelomonocytic lineage.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1982

Characterization and functional properties of tumor cell lines in accessory cell replacement assays.

This study reports the initial phenotypic and functional characterization of a series of cloned, murine, myelomonocytic tumors and their parent cell line WEHI-3, and a group of murine B lymphoma tumors. The tumor cell lines of the myelomonocytic lineage demonstrated the ability to reconstitute a macrophage-depleted, primary in vitro anti-SRBC PFC response, but only marginally enhanced an accessory cell-depleted, ova-primed, lymphocyte proliferation in vitro response. The B lymphoma tumors displayed exactly the reverse functional profile, being highly efficient in reconstitution of the proliferation response, but not supporting the SRBC PFC response. Detailed analysis of the cell surface phenotype of the various B lymphoma tumors used in this study show they display cell surface markers characteristic of normal B lymphocytes but are heterogeneous in their various stages of differential arrest. Future work will concentrate on the orchestration of Ia-mediated and soluble factor-mediated (IL 1) modalities of antigen-triggering of lymphocytes by these B lymphoma and myelomonocytic tumor cell lines.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

[Effect of acute physical stress on changes in the ultrastructure of skeletal muscle fibers].

Peculiarities of muscle fibres having various functional profile were investigated in the white rat anterior tibial muscle at an intensive physical work (running in the tread-wheel up to fatigue). Electron microscopy and stereomorphometric methods were applied. In the muscle fibres studied certain ultrastructural changes took place affecting both the energetic and the contractile-myofibrillar apparatuses. In the marginal, and especially in the white fibres an essential dilatation of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (its volumetric part) was observed with decreasing relative volume of mitochondria and a sharp drop in glycogen content. In both types of the fibres (more pronounced in the white ones) intercellular edema, destruction in some mitochondria, focal disturbance in organzation of myofibrils were noted. All these phenomena should be considered as a responsive, or rather, adaptive reaction to the streess situation which urgently mobilizes all the reserves up to their complete exhaustion

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Molecular cloning of human 5-hydroxytryptamine3 receptor: heterogeneity in distribution and function among species.

The 5-hydroxytryptamine3 receptor 5-HT3R has been implicated in gut and cardiac motility and in behavioral disorders. Characteristics of 5-HT3Rs appear to be heterogeneous among species, but human 5-HT3R cDNA has not been identified. We isolated a cDNA encoding 5-HT3R from human hippocampus. The mouse 5-HT3R gene has been reported to generate two alternative splicing isoforms that differ by six amino acids. All of our isolated human clones corresponded to the shorter isoform. Amino acid identities with mouse neuroblastoma N1E-115 and rat brain 5-HT3Rs were 84% for each. Southern blot analysis of human genomic DNA suggested that our cloned transcript encoded a human counterpart for the rodent 5-HT3Rs. This gene was assigned to chromosome 11 using polymerase chain reaction analysis of a human/rodent somatic cell hybrid panel. With the use of Northern blot analysis, 5-HT3R transcripts were identified in human small intestine, colon, and brain regions including hippocampus, amygdala, and striatum. In human heart, 5-HT3R expression was not detectable even with reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis, although it was detectable in mouse heart. Transfection of COS-1 with human 5-HT3R cDNA induced specific binding of the 5-HT3R-selective radioligand [3H]YM060. Human 5-HT3R showed typical characteristics of the 5-HT3R, but its affinity for the 5-HT3R agonist m-chlorophenylbiguanide was much lower than that of rat 5-HT3R. When injected with human 5-HT3R cRNA, the oocytes responded to 5-HT3R agonists with a rapidly developing inward current. The potency of the agonists to induce inward current paralleled that to compete with the radioligand binding, and 2-methyl-5-hydroxytryptamine, a partial agonist for mouse 5-HT3R, was a full agonist for human 5-HT3R. Our data revealed that the 5-HT3R molecule has interspecies differences in both tissue distribution and functional profile.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1995

K-channel opening activity of dihydropyridine ZM244085: effect on 86Rb efflux and 3H-P1075 binding in urinary bladder smooth muscle.

Zeneca ZM244085, 9-(3 cyanophenyl)hexahydro-1,8 acridinedione, is a novel dihydropyridine (DHP) which relaxes KCl precontracted urinary bladder smooth muscle in vitro. The effect of ZM244085 on low and high KCl induced contractions, 86Rb efflux and [3H]-P1075 binding in guinea pig bladder strips was investigated to characterize the K-channel opening properties of this compound. Since ZM244085 is a dihydropyridine its effect on DHP binding sites on Ca2+ channels was also investigated. ZM244085 was found to be more potent in relaxing detrusor strips precontracted with 15 mM KCl than strips precontracted with 80 mM KCl (Li et al., 1995). This functional profile of ZM244085 is similar to that exhibited by typical K-channel openers (PCO). In addition, inhibition of ZM244085 induced relaxation of detrusor strips by glibenclamide suggests that ZM244085 opens ATP sensitive K-channel (KATP) in urinary bladder (Li et al., 1995). Since the glibenclamide sensitive smooth muscle relaxation activity of ZM244085 could still be an indirect effect of this compound on KATP channels we carried out 86Rb efflux studies and [3H]-P1075 binding studies to further confirm these findings. The 86Rb efflux assay is a direct method for monitoring the movement of K+ ions across the cell membranes. Displacement of [3H]-P1075 binding to bladder membranes supports a direct action of the compound on the KATP channel. The present study demonstrates that ZM244085 in a concentration dependent manner increases the rate of 86Rb efflux from guinea pig bladder strips. This effect was inhibited by glibenclamide (30 microM), a known KATP channel blocker. In addition, interaction of ZM244085 with KATP channels was also confirmed in human bladder smooth muscle cells using a 42K efflux assay. Furthermore, we were able to demonstrate that ZM244085, structurally distinct PCO, inhibited the binding of 3H-P1075 to urinary bladder strips in a manner similar to other KATP openers such as cromakalim and pinacidil. Inhibition of 3H-P1075 binding by ZM244085 and other PCO's correlates well with increases in 86Rb efflux and bladder muscle relaxation studies. Finally, ZM244085 did not exhibit any significant affect on VSCC as evidenced by very weak inhibition of [3H]-PN200,110 binding to bladder membranes by ZM244085. It is concluded that Zeneca ZM244085 is a PCO which activates KATP channels in urinary bladder.

Acridines↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Biochemical mechanisms of skeletal muscle adaptation to increased activity].

The adaptation changes caused by the systematic muscular activity relate to morphology and functional properties of the muscular fibre subcellular structures, content and state of substrates and enzymes. There occurs not only an increase in the activity of enzymes but also a change in the ratio of the activities in polyenzymic systems. The increase in the enzymes activity is based on the substrate induction and derepression of the enzymes synthesis as well as changes in the isoenzymic spectra, sensitivity of the enzymic systems to hormones. All these changes are specific and determined by the functional profile of the muscles and character of the muscular activity. The energy supply of the adaptive synthesis of structural and enzymatic proteins, phospholipids and a more intensified synthesis of different substrates (glycogen, phosphocreatine) is based on regular changes occurring at rest determined by muscular activity and providing for a higher energy production during this period. Development and stabilization of the adaptation biochemical changes is under control of the chemical self-regulation of the metabolic cycles, neuro-trophic--somatic and sympathetic as well as of the endocrine regulation. At the different stages of adaptation its biochemical mechanisms have definite differences.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1994

Ileal neobladder reconstruction after radical cystoprostatectomy.

To improve the outcome and patient acceptance of bladder substitution, five male patients underwent O-shaped ileal neobladder reconstruction, after radical cystoprostatectomy for invasive bladder cancer, with a mean follow-up of 11 months. With only 40 cm of ileal segment, an O-shaped neobladder was constructed after complete detubularization. Bilateral ureters were implanted using the Le Duc-Camey method. Six months after operation, all patients were totally continent during the day time, and one patient suffered from mild incontinence at night, which could be overcome by waking to void once or twice. The satisfactory continence levels are in agreement with a urodynamic study of the neobladder which showed a low pressure, high-capacity (mean, 456 mL) reservoir in the cystometric tracings. The mean maximal flow rate was 22.2 mL/sec, the mean residual urine was minimal (10 to 20 mL), the mean maximal urethral closing pressure was 74.4 cm H2O and the mean functional profile length was 2.9 cm. All renal units do not have neovesico-ureteral reflux. Two patients showed unilateral hydronephrosis which subsided later, one patient sustained bilateral hydronephrosis and died of jejunal perforation five months postoperatively. There were few perioperative complications and no patient expressed regret at having undergone the procedure. We consider bladder substitution to be the treatment of choice in male patients requiring radical cystoprostatectomy.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Evidence for the involvement of arginine 462 and the flanking sequence of human C4 beta-chain in mediating C5 binding to the C4b subcomponent of the classical complement pathway C5 convertase.

Replacement of human C4 beta-chain residue arginine 458 by tryptophan, a substitution that occurs naturally in the hemolytically inactive A6 allotype of C4, totally abrogates the molecule's ability to act as a C5 binding subunit of the classical pathway C5 convertase. Hydropathy plots predict R458 to be within a hydrophilic segment extending from residue 455 to 469 and having the sequence SIERPDSRPPRVGDT. To further assess the potential involvement of this segment in the C5 binding function of C4, we have engineered "ala-scan" mutants through this segment, concentrating predominantly on charged residues, and analyzed their functional profiles. C4B isotype mutant proteins S455A (0.7), E457A (1.1), R458A (0.3), D460A (0.2), R462A (0.0), R465A (0.6), and D468A (0.3) displayed the relative to wild-type hemolytic activities indicated in the parentheses. In all cases, the hemolytic defect was accounted for solely at the C5 convertase stage. The total absence of C5 binding activity in the R462A mutant suggests a requirement for the guanidinium group per se, because mutants with a charge-conservative lysine or a relatively isosteric methionine at this position were also completely inactive. In contrast, the inactivity of the C4A6-like R458W mutant is probably caused by the intolerance of tryptophan in a hydrophilic segment, as substitution of R458 by alanine or methionine yielded recombinant molecules that retained 30% and 60% of wild-type hemolytic activity, respectively. Taken together, the mutagenesis results strongly imply that residues in the 455-469 segment contribute to the C5 binding site in C4; however, the conformational context of the segment appears to be crucial, as a synthetic peptide corresponding to this segment displayed no ability to inhibit C5 binding to surface-bound C4b.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1975

Stroke: Does rehabilitation affect outcome?

A sample of 114 consecutive stroke admissions to a rehabilitation center was studied statistically to determine functional gains achieved and retained after rehabilitation. In order to provide a measure of function, a functional profile was developed that evaluates seven activities, each according to a five-point scale. It was found that significant gains were achieved which could not be attributed merely to spontaneous recovery. An estimate of the cost benefit ratio showed that the reduced cost resulting from returning patients to the family or to independent living more than paid for the cost of providing rehabilitation services to the whole sample.

Activities of Daily Living↗