Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Weight Perception”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 739 records · Page 41Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Osteoporosis prevention in female adolescents: calcium intake and exercise participation.

Adolescence is a critical period for physiologic growth. Calcium consumption and exercise affect bone mass, and both may be the most significant factors in preventing osteoporosis. The purpose of this study was to identify problem areas that would place adolescent females at risk for developing osteoporosis. The sample consisted of 293 adolescent females, ages 14 to 19 years. Data collected included assessment of calcium consumption, physical activities, and variables that may affect both. Results showed that participants consumed inadequate calcium but were attentive to participate in physical activities. Half of the sample reported skipping one meal per day, slightly over half were trying to lose weight, and almost three fourths were trying to keep from gaining weight. Predictors of calcium intake were skipping meals, perception of barriers to calcium intake, and trying to lose weight (beta weight: 0.29, 0.28, and 0.25, respectively). Predictors of exercise were perceptions of barriers and benefits to exercise (beta weights: 0.27 and 0.13, respectively). Nutritional education and behavior modification strategies to address the findings are presented.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Associations between juvenile delinquency and weight-related variables: analyses from a national sample of high school students.

OBJECTIVE: This study examined direct and conditional associations between juvenile delinquency and weight-related variables in a national sample of high school students. METHOD: Data from the 2003 Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) of 12,713 high school students aged 14 to 17 were examined. Logistic regression analyses were used to analyze the data. RESULTS: Bivariate and multivariate analyses indicated that juvenile delinquents were more likely than nondelinquents to use fasting, vomiting, and drugs to lose weight or to keep from gaining weight. Multivariate analyses also showed that delinquents were more likely than nondelinquents to perceive themselves as overweight, but the two groups did not differ in regard to actual overweight status. Tests of interactions in multivariate analyses indicated that the associations between delinquent status and specific, weight-related variables were stronger among younger than among older adolescents, as well as among female than among male adolescents. CONCLUSIONS: Future research should examine risk and protective factors for unhealthy weight control behaviors and perceptions among delinquents.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Eating attitudes and body shape perceptions among elite rowers: effects of age, gender and weight category.

This study examined the influence of age, gender and weight category upon measures associated with eating disorders. Elite rowers (N = 124) participating in the 1994 Great Britain National Squad trials, completed the Eating Attitude Test (EAT) and the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ). Subjects were grouped according to whether they competed in the Lightweight (Female: < 59 kg, N = 31; Male: < 72.5 kg, N = 31) or Heavyweight (Female: N = 31; Male: N = 31) category. Results revealed significantly higher EAT and BSQ scores among the Lightweight group, 16.2% of whom showed EAT scores above the threshold associated with eating disorders. Females showed significantly higher BSQ scores than males. The interaction effect was significant for BSQ, indicating a much greater increase in scores from heavyweight to lightweight for females than for males. EAT and BSQ scores were inversely correlated with age. These results suggest that the risk of eating disorders among elite rowers is mediated by age, gender and weight category.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Validity of parent-reported height and weight for defining obesity among asthmatic and nonasthmatic schoolchildren.

BACKGROUND: The relationship between parent-reported and measured height and weight is not well established in schoolchildren. This relationship has never been studied in asthmatic children. The objective of this study is to test the validity of the parent-reported weight and height for defining obesity by BMI and to know whether the perception of this height and weight changes when the child suffers from asthma. METHODS: All classes of children of the target ages of 6-8 years (n = 1,672, participation rate 70.2%) of all schools in four municipalities of Murcia (Spain) were included. Parents were asked about their children's weight and height using a questionnaire which included the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) core questions on asthma. Parents were not aware that their children were going to be weighed and measured within 1 week's time. Measurements were performed using a rigid stadiometer to the nearest 0.1 cm and a scale to the nearest 0.1 kg. RESULTS: The bias (reported minus real) was, respectively, for nonasthmatics and asthmatics: weight +0.42 kg (95% CI +0.24; +0.59 kg) versus +0.97 kg (+0.50; +1.44 kg), height +2.37 cm (+2.06; +2.68 cm) versus +2.87 cm (+1.87; +3.87 cm); BMI -0.39 kg/m(2) (-0.52; -0.23 kg/m(2)) versus -0.23 kg/m(2) (-0.58; +0.13 kg/m(2)). Diagnostic accuracy of obesity calculated from reported measurements was, respectively, for nonasthmatics and asthmatics: sensitivity 78.0 versus 77.8%, specificity 96.2 versus 94.5%, positive predictive value 77.2 versus 73.7% and negative predictive value 96.4 versus 91.7%. CONCLUSIONS: Reported weights and heights had large biases, comparable between parents of both asthmatic and those of nonasthmatic children. However, this information could be reasonably valid for classifying children as obese or nonobese in large epidemiological studies.

Asthma↗
PubMed2005

Parental perceptions of overweight in 3-5 y olds.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the accuracy of parents' perceptions of their 3 to 5 y old children's weight status in a large UK sample. METHOD: Parental perception and concern about child weight, demographic variables, and children's height and weight were obtained for 564 parent-child dyads. RESULTS: Only 1.9% of parents of overweight children and 17.1% of parents of obese children described their child as overweight. The odds of parents perceiving the child as overweight were increased for overweight (2.7; 95% CI 0.4, 16.5) and obese (28.5; 7.1, 115.4) compared with normal weight children, but were not associated with parental weight or with any demographic factors. Although few parents perceived their overweight children as overweight, more (66.2%) expressed concern about their overweight child becoming overweight in the future. Odds of concern were progressively higher for overweight (2.5; 1.6, 3.9) and obese children (4.6; 2.2, 9.7), and were also higher for parents who were themselves overweight (1.9; 1.2, 2.9) or obese (2.5; 1.3, 4.8). CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that parents of 3-5 y olds show poor awareness of their child's current weight status. Reframing discussions in terms of preventing future overweight may be an effective way to engage parents.

Body Height↗
PubMed1993

Research on "feeding behavior": quantitative information vs. qualitative perceptions about where it is published.

To gain some understanding of where research on "feeding behavior" is published, a Medline search was conducted for the years 1980-1990 inclusive using the above key phrase to capture published articles coded in this way. Furthermore, an eight-item questionnaire was mailed to all 451 persons listed in the 1990 membership directory of the Society for the Study of Ingestive Behavior (SSIB) soliciting views on the top five journals publishing the greatest number, as well as the most "prestigious," articles in this field, along with demographic information about the respondents. After deleting journals that published agriculturally based research relating to insects or parasites, the Medline search generated 1,813 articles in the top 25 journals, the top 5 of which were Physiology and Behavior (462 articles), Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior (211 articles), Brain Research (118 articles), American Journal of Physiology (106 articles) and Brain Research Bulletin (87 articles). This fact accorded well with weighted scores generated from perceptions of SSIB respondents (24.4% return rate), whose top 25 rankings correlated highly (r14 = +0.829, p < .001) with the Medline data. Although the top 5 number 1 choices of "prestige" journals by SSIB members did not match up well with the Medline list, weighted "prestige" scores correlated reasonably well with the Medline data (r15 = +0.766, p < .001), but a bit less so with SSIB perceptions of where greatest numbers of articles appeared (r12 = +0.588, p < .05). Discussion is presented about the validity of these data, their implications, and their potential utility in helping researchers decide where to publish work in this field.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Visual influence on contact pressure of hemiplegic patients through photoelastic sole image.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the visual influence through photoelastic sole image on upright posture in hemiplegic patients. DESIGN: Before-during trial. SETTING: An academically based rehabilitation setting. PATIENTS: Nineteen hemiplegic patients 3 to 8 months after the stroke were designated as severe (n = 5), moderate I (n = 4), moderate II (n = 5), and mild groups (n = 5). The severe, moderate, and mild groups were in Brunnstrom's motor recovery stage II, IV, and V, respectively. Vibration sense in the paretic leg was intact in the moderate II and mild groups, but impaired in the severe and moderate I groups. INTERVENTION: Visual feedback therapy on standing before before and while watching his or her own photoelastic sole image on a television screen (before vs during). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: The body-weight-bearing ratio on the paretic sole was analyzed. RESULTS: The body-weight-bearing ratio on the paretic sole increased during visual feedback (before vs during, percentage, severe, 21.8 +/- 11.4 vs 38.7 +/- 13.7, p < .02; moderate I, 30.4 +/- 11.1 vs 39.3 +/- 6.4, not significant; moderate II, 32.8 +/- 10.3 vs 46.8 +/- 7.8, p < .05; mild, 29.7 +/- 7.0 vs 41.8 +/- 7.5, p < .005; mean +/- SD). CONCLUSION: As the only difference between the moderate I and II groups was impaired or intact vibration sense in the paretic limbs, vibration sense along with motor recovery is an important factor to increase body weight loading on the paretic sole in hemiplegic patients.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Binaural weighting of pinna cues in human sound localization.

Human sound localization relies on binaural difference cues for sound-source azimuth and pinna-related spectral shape cues for sound elevation. Although the interaural timing and level difference cues are weighted to produce a percept of sound azimuth, much less is known about binaural mechanisms underlying elevation perception. This problem is particularly interesting for the frontal hemifield, where binaural inputs are of comparable strength. In this paper, localization experiments are described in which hearing for each ear was either normal, or spectrally disrupted by a mold fitted to the external ear. Head-fixed saccadic eye movements were used as a rapid and accurate indicator of perceived sound direction in azimuth and elevation. In the control condition (both ears free) azimuth and elevation components of saccadic responses were well described by a linear regression line for the entire measured range. For unilateral mold conditions, the azimuth response components did not differ from controls. The influence of the mold on elevation responses was largest on the ipsilateral side, and declined systematically with azimuth towards the side of the free ear. Near the midsagittal plane the elevation responses were clearly affected by the mold, suggesting a systematic binaural interaction in the neural computation of perceived elevation that straddles the midline. A quantitative comparison of responses from the unilateral mold, the bilateral mold and control condition provided evidence that the fusion process can be described by binaural weighted averaging. Two different conceptual schemes are discussed that could underlie the observed responses.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed2006

The perceived effectiveness of continuing care and group support in the long-term self-help treatment of obesity.

OBJECTIVE: Obesity is increasingly considered a chronic disease requiring continuing care, but professional long-term treatment for most patients is not available. This study examined treatment recipients' perception of the effectiveness of different components of a group self-help, continuing-care treatment program for obesity. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: Members (n = 120) and volunteer leaders (n = 66) of a self-help, continuing-care treatment program of previously demonstrated effectiveness (mean treatment duration, 40.6 months; mean weight lost, 14.1 kg) rated how helpful and effective they found the various therapeutic strategies used by this program. The strategies examined were continuing care, group support, behavior therapy, motivational enhancement strategies involving positive reinforcement, and motivational enhancement strategies involving punishment. RESULTS: The single most highly valued aspect of treatment was the provision of continuing care, followed by group support. Greater success at achieving one's goal weight was associated with perceptions of greater effectiveness of the program's strategies overall (r = 0.219, p < 0.005), of continuing care (r = 0.225, p < 0.005), and of positive reinforcement strategies (r = 0.223, p < 0.01). Participants who had successfully attained their goal weight perceived behavior therapy strategies as more effective than did participants who had not reached their goal weight [t(170) = 2.93, p < 0.005]. DISCUSSION: The high ratings given to continuing care and group support strategies indicate the acceptability of supportive self-help treatment for obesity administered over the long term. The findings suggest that continuing care and group support should be made available to participants in the self-help treatment of obesity.

Behavior Therapy↗
PubMed1994

Evaluation of a programme of health measurements and advice among hospital staff.

This paper reports the evaluation of a pilot health promotion initiative among hospital staff. Health screening and advice were available during one week. Staff who attended completed a questionnaire about diet, alcohol, exercise, smoking, stress and health perceptions. They were randomly assigned to receive advice and set targets for changing their lifestyle or simply to be given their results. A sample of non-attending staff was sent the same questionnaire. Attenders were invited to return after six months. Of the 297 staff who attended the first session, 83 returned after six months. Of the non-attending staff, 192 returned a questionnaire. Attenders were older, more concerned and more knowledgeable about their health and under-represented by clinical and manual staff. Weight, exercise frequency and perceptions of health were related to the likelihood of re-attending. Those in the 'advice' group were more likely to lose weight and increase their exercise. It is difficult to achieve wide participation in health promotion activities but a simple intervention can have useful effects.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
PubMed1982

Social perception of caloric value.

Studies on obesity and overweight measure the actual caloric amount in the foods selected or consumed. However, the food choices of individuals partly depend, if weight is a concern, on their social perception of caloric values of various foods. The study concerned the accuracy of 53 males and 82 females of various weight categories in their perception of the caloric content of various types of food. The more females weigh the more calories they perceive in food while the more males weigh the less calories they perceive in food. Both males and females overestimate the caloric content of desserts, particularly in comparison to main dishes like meat and potatoes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Interference effects in the conservation of weight.

On the assumption that the ability to overcome the effects of interference between the physical properties of an object is a basic component in the acquisition of conservation, we hypothesized that children would tend to negate conservation not only when the form of an object is altered but also when, without deforming the object, one of its properties (e.g., color or temperature) is altered; when variations (e.g., movement or orientation) are introduced into the concrete situation in which weight is exerted; or when other spatial properties (e.g., volume or surface) are made to interact with weight. The results indicate that children up to 8 years of age may have difficulty accepting the conservation of weight even when a transformation does not deform the object and that children up to 13 years may accept the conservation of weight but may find it difficult to explain why an object appears heavier in those instances where weight has to be coordinated with another spatial property. The theoretical implications of these results are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Child-feeding practices in children with down syndrome and their siblings.

OBJECTIVE: To compare parental feeding practices and evaluate their relationship to weight status among children with Down syndrome (DS) and their unaffected siblings. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional study of sibling pairs, one child with DS (n = 36) and one child without DS (n = 36), between 3 and 10 years of age. Parents completed the Child Feeding Questionnaire (CFQ), which assesses six aspects of control in feeding, separately for each child. Children's height and weight were measured using standard research procedures for calculation of body mass index (BMI) and BMI Z scores (BMIZ). RESULTS: Mean BMIZ was higher among children with DS than their siblings (1.1 +/- 0.9 vs 0.1 +/- 1.1; P <.001), but there were no between-group differences in parents' perception of children's weight status. Parents reported greater use of restriction, greater feelings of responsibility for feeding and concern about child weight status, and lower pressure to eat for children with DS than for their siblings. After adjustment for BMIZ, differences remained significant only for concern (10.6 +/- 3.5 vs 6.4 +/- 3.4; P <.002). Perceived child overweight and concern were positively associated with BMIZ, whereas pressure was inversely associated with BMIZ. CONCLUSIONS: Differences in child-feeding practices may play a role in the development of obesity in DS.

Body Mass Index↗
PubMed2000

Central exendin-4 infusion reduces body weight without altering plasma leptin in (fa/fa) Zucker rats.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether chronic administration of the long-acting glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist exendin-4 can elicit sustained reductions in food intake and body weight and whether its actions require an intact leptin system. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: Male lean and obese Zucker (fa/fa) rats were infused intracerebroventricularly with exendin-4 using osmotic minipumps for 8 days. RESULTS: Exendin-4 reduced body weight in both lean and obese Zucker rats, maximum suppression being reached on Day 5 in obese (8%) and Day 7 in lean (16%) rats. However, epididymal white adipose tissue weight was not reduced, and only in lean rats was there a reduction in plasma leptin concentration. Food intake was maximally suppressed (by 81%) on Day 3 in obese rats but was reduced by only 18% on Day 8. Similarly, in lean rats food intake was maximally reduced (by 93%) on Day 4 of treatment and by 45% on Day 8. Brown adipose tissue temperature was reduced from Days 2 to 4. Plasma corticosterone was elevated by 76% in lean but by only 28% in obese rats. DISCUSSION: Chronic exendin-4 treatment reduced body weight in both obese and lean Zucker rats by reducing food intake: metabolic rate was apparently suppressed. These effects did not require an intact leptin system. Neither does the absence of an intact leptin system sensitize animals to exendin-4. Partial tolerance to the anorectic effect of exendin-4 in lean rats may have been due to elevated plasma corticosterone and depressed plasma leptin levels, but other counter-regulatory mechanisms seem to play a role in obese Zucker rats.

Adipose Tissue↗