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Results for “VOCATIONAL GUIDANCE”

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PubMed1985

The effect of previous experience on preference of approach for effective counseling.

Students in a general psychology class viewed four videotapes of initial vocational-educational and initial personal concern counseling sessions. The sessions were presented from a client-centered approach and from a behavioral approach, and employed the same client and counselor. After viewing the tapes, the students were asked to indicate which approach they thought would be more effective in helping a client. Results showed that students who had previously experienced counseling preferred a behavioral approach for both the vocational-educational concern and the personal concern. Students with no experience of counseling did not exhibit a preference.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

The role of work-related causal attributions in occupational crisis.

The role of work-related causal attributions in occupational crisis states was examined. Participants were 66 Finnish women (25-45 years old) attending vocational counseling. Measures for occupational crisis and work-related causal attributions were developed. The locus, stability, controllability, and recurrence of the causes were examined in seven positive and seven negative work-related events. Participants in a state of occupational crisis emphasized stable-external and recurrent-external attributions in negative events, whereas participants not in crisis used nonrecurrent attributions combined with internal, unstable, and controllable attributions. Attributions were activated regardless of occupation, age, or education level. Among the background variables, non-person-centered occupations and organizational changes were related to occupational crises.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

When careers reach a dead end: identification of occupational crisis states.

The reliability and validity of the Occupational Crisis Scale, (OCS; Hutri, 1995a) were examined in 3 separate studies. The OCS was developed to identify employees who are at a dead end in their job or career. Participants were employees from various occupations, psychology students, and previous vocational counseling clients. The results demonstrated the OCS's internal consistency, test-retest reliability, construct validity, divergent and convergent validity, as well as changes in occupational crisis states after a 1-year follow-up. The prevalence of occupational crises was rated to be at least 1 for every 30 employees. All identified crisis participants were women. Occupational crises were related to long consideration of career change, suggesting that the crises were of developmental origin. The findings are compared with the results from a preliminary study among vocational counseling clients. The use of the OCS to assist troubled employees is discussed.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2006

Evaluation of a pilot careers advice service for junior doctors.

This study evaluates a pilot careers service for junior doctors provided by a non-medical careers adviser. Evaluation forms and interviews indicate high satisfaction with this service. The junior doctors valued help with CVs and interviews, information regarding career routes and meetings with senior doctors arranged by the adviser. A longitudinal survey suggests that these doctors became clearer about their career pathways compared with controls, although they did not view the adviser as influencing their career choices. The employment of non-medical careers advisers is proposed. The evaluation was principally conducted by the Centre for Research in Medical and Dental Education, School of Education, University of Birmingham, UK.

Career Mobility↗
PubMed2001

Outcomes from milieu-based neurorehabilitation at up to 11 years post-discharge.

Outcome in patients with brain injury after milieu-based day treatment neurorehabilitation was examined at up to 11 years post-discharge. Follow-up data in this cross-sectional study were sought from all admissions since May 1986 to May 1998 at 3 months, 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, and 11 year intervals. The 164 participants who responded had heterogeneous brain injury aetiologies and represented 73.9% of all patients who were successfully discharged from the programme. Rates of productivity (defined as gainful employment, school, and/or volunteer work) and employment (defined as work for pay) were examined in this follow-up sample. The results demonstrate that 83.5% of patients were productive up to 11 years post-discharge, with 67.1% engaged in work or school, and no decline in productivity was seen over time from discharge. Better vocational/school outcomes were associated with younger age, male gender, and higher staff working alliance ratings of patients and their families.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Neuropsychological testing and functional outcome for individuals with traumatic brain injury.

The relationship between performance on neuropsychological measures and the vocational and independent living functioning of individuals with traumatic brain injury was examined. The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised (WAIS-R) IQ and Stroop Color and Word Test scores differentiated individuals who required no assistance with activities of daily living from those requiring some level of assistance. Only the Stroop Color and Word Test scores differentiated individuals who were competitively employed or engaged in degree-oriented education from those who were unemployed or in sheltered or supported employment. Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised (WMS-R) scores did not differentiate these groups.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1999

Contribution of functional ratings to prediction of longterm employment outcome after traumatic brain injury.

The present study investigated the contribution of functional ratings to prediction of employment outcome after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Previous studies have suggested that functional ratings obtained at a significant time post-injury can supplement neurologic, pre-injury, neuropsychologic, and other post-injury variables in predicting long-term employment outcome. Functional ratings studied were patients' needs for physical, cognitive, and behavioural supervision. This investigation also addressed the issue of predicting long-term outcome for the select group of TBI patients who receive post-acute brain injury rehabilitation. Subjects were 76 patients with TBI. The mean age (25th, 50th, and 75th percentiles) was 32 (22, 28, 39) years and mean premorbid education level was 13 (12, 12, 14) years. Predictors studied were severity of injury, premorbid education level, pre-injury substance use, and needs for physical, cognitive and behavioural supervision at discharge from post-acute rehabilitation. Supervision needs ratings were obtained an average of 9.6 (4.2, 5.9, 11.2) months post-injury. Productivity status was assessed an average of 22.5 (12.6, 20.7, 30.5) months post-injury and 12.9 (4.9, 12.4, 16.6) months post-discharge from treatment. Spearman correlation coefficients revealed that premorbid educational level, pre-injury substance use, and needs for physical and behavioural supervision were related to long-term functional outcome (p < 0.05). However, multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that only level of pre-injury substance use was predictive of long-term productivity outcome once adjusted for the effects of the other predictors. Patients with no history of pre-injury substance use were more than eight times as likely to be employed at follow-up as those with a history of pre-injury substance abuse (p < 0.01).

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Psychotherapy and career counseling: toward an integration for use with college students.

The authors suggest that psychotherapy and career counseling with college students can be identified as potentially concurrent and interactive processes. They seek to increase awareness of this connection and underscore the value of its application when it is appropriate to do so. Selecting a career is a crucial developmental task for young adults and is, to varying degrees, an integral part of their psychosocial adjustment. The literature is reviewed from five perspectives: the psychodynamic model of career counseling; case examples; integration of career counseling and psychotherapy; a review of the developmental theories of Erikson, Farnsworth, Chickering, and Medalie; and empirical justification. The authors discuss the rationale for merging student psychotherapy and career counseling and offer case examples.

Counseling↗
PubMed2004

Psychosocial needs of HIV-positive individuals seeking workforce re-entry.

With the advent of more effective treatments and corresponding improvement in morbidity and mortality, people living with HIV and AIDS are increasingly considering a return to the workplace. This study examined subjective and objective indicators of need among a sample of 235 HIV-infected individuals entering a vocational rehabilitation programme for people with HIV. In addition to help with training and job placement, participants indicated a need for assistance with finances, money management, housing access and access to health care, as well as with alcohol or drug problems, legal problems and social relationships. Subsequent to learning of their diagnoses, the sample reported a median decrement in financial resources of 60%. Over half had experienced housing instability in the year prior to entering the study, including 15% who had been homeless, even though most were linked to case management services. A third had used illegal drugs in the prior month, 41% drank to intoxication and 20% lacked even monthly phone contact with friends. Results suggest that back to work programmes for people with HIV and AIDS will need to address a broad range of psychosocial issues beyond job training and placement.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Disability, employment and work performance among people with ICD-10 anxiety disorders.

OBJECTIVE: To ascertain at a population level, patterns of disability, labour force participation, employment and work performance among people with ICD-10 anxiety disorders in comparison to people without disability or long-term health conditions. METHOD: A secondary analysis was conducted of a probability sample of 42 664 individuals collected in an Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) national survey in 1998. Trained lay interviewers using ICD-10 computer-assisted interviews identified household residents with anxiety disorders. RESULTS: Anxiety disorders were associated with: reduced labour force participation, degraded employment trajectories and impaired work performance compared to people without disabilities or long-term health conditions. CONCLUSION: People with anxiety disorders may need more effective treatments and assistance with completing education and training, joining and rejoining the workforce, developing career pathways, remaining in the workforce and sustaining work performance. A whole-of-government approach appears needed to reduce the burden of disease and increase community labour resources. Implications for clinicians, vocational professionals and policy makers are discussed.

Adolescent↗