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At least 739 records · Page 41Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Fuel spill identification using solid-phase extraction and solid-phase microextraction. 1. Aviation turbine fuels.

The water-soluble fraction of aviation jet fuels is examined using solid-phase extraction and solid-phase microextraction. Gas chromatographic profiles of solid-phase extracts and solid-phase microextracts of the water-soluble fraction of kerosene- and nonkerosene-based jet fuels reveal that each jet fuel possesses a unique profile. Pattern recognition analysis reveals fingerprint patterns within the data characteristic of fuel type. By using a novel genetic algorithm (GA) that emulates human pattern recognition through machine learning, it is possible to identify features characteristic of the chromatographic profile of each fuel class. The pattern recognition GA identifies a set of features that optimize the separation of the fuel classes in a plot of the two largest principal components of the data. Because principal components maximize variance, the bulk of the information encoded by the selected features is primarily about the differences between the fuel classes.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1993

Accuracy and repeatability of a pocket turbine spirometer: comparison with a rolling seal flow-volume spirometer.

The accuracy and repeatability of a recently introduced pocket spirometer (Micro Spirometer; Micro Medical Instruments Ltd, Rochester, UK) was evaluated. FEV1 and FVC values obtained with this instrument were compared with those measured with a rolling-seal flow-volume spirometer (CPI 220 with microcomputer) in 31 patients and 11 healthy volunteers. In the whole material, expressed as mean +/- SD, the pocket spirometer recorded 0.44 +/- 0.23 l (13 +/- 7%) smaller values for FEV1 (P < 0.001) and 0.64 +/- 0.48 l (15 +/- 11%) smaller values for FVC (P < 0.001) than the rolling-seal spirometer. The short-term repeatability of the measurements expressed as the coefficient of variation of repeated measurements using the pocket spirometer was 2.2% for FEV1 and 2.3% for FVC in a series of 10 healthy subjects and 10 patients with COPD. It is concluded that the underestimation of FEV1 and FVC of the pocket spirometer was too large and inconsistent for the device to be used interchangeably with conventional spirometers. However, the repeatability of the measurements with the pocket spirometer is close to that reported previously for flow-volume spirometry. Thus the pocket spirometer may be suitable in assessing acute changes of spirometric indices e.g. during provocation tests or during patient follow-up in asthma.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Turbulence modeling in simulation of gas-turbine flow and heat transfer.

The popular k-epsilon type two-equation turbulence models, which are calibrated by experimental data from simple shear flows, are analyzed for their ability to predict flows involving shear and an extra strain--flow with shear and rotation and flow with shear and streamline curvature. The analysis is based on comparisons between model predictions and those from measurements and large-eddy simulations of homogenous flows involving shear and an extra strain, either from rotation or from streamline curvature. Parameters are identified, which show the conditions under which performance of k-epsilon type models can be expected to be poor.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2001

A conjugate heat transfer procedure for gas turbine blades.

A conjugate heat transfer procedure, allowing for the use of different solvers on the solid and fluid domain(s), is presented. Information exchange between solid and fluid solution is limited to boundary condition values, and this exchange is carried out at any pseudo-time step. Global convergence rate of the procedure is, thus, of the same order of magnitude of stand-alone computations.

Journal Article↗