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A classification of thymomas is proposed based on rich authors' material. The classification allows one to reveal correlations between the malignancy grade, clinical manifestations and postoperative prognosis.
Two case reports of thymolipoma are presented. In a review of the literature on the subject, the clinical and etiologic features of this nonmalignant tumor in the anterior mediastinum are discussed. Although rare, thymolipoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of mediastinal tumors.
Epidermoid thymoma was referred to thymal malignancies after an evaluation of the data on its clinical course and microscopic structure. This tumor may be diagnosed preoperatively on the basis of an analysis of clinico-roentgeno-endoscopic data and findings of a cytological, histological and electron-microscopic examinations.
Advantages of the unilateral thoracotomy were established by a comparison of the cervical, longitudinal transsternal, transbipleural accesses with a transverse dissection of the breast bone and unilateral thoracotomic access in the light of requirements to the operative access in myasthenia. This access was used in operations upon 15 patients. There were no operative complications, the operation time was shorter, the postoperative period less severe. The earlier reestablishment of the adequate ventilation was noted.
Altogether 40 thymic tumor patients were investigated. Radiograms and pneumomediastinograms were subjected to processing a posteriori (increased contrast and spatial filtration). Spatial filtration improved selective analysis of spatial frequencies of imaging. Processing of images specified diagnosis of thymomas by underlining the shapes of normal and abnormal mediastinal formations and signs of invasion of the pericardium and pleura.
The effect of Thymomodulin-TFX on pentetrazole convulsions, tremorine-induced tremor, pain response to intraperitoneal acetic acid injection, hexobarbital sleeping time, isolated guinea pig ileum, isolated rat uterus, rabbit skeletal muscle response, diuresis and corneal response was tested. In addition the effect of TFX on reproduction of albino rats was investigated. In doses up to 20 mg/kg, 8 times higher than clinical doses, TFX did not reveal any unwanted effects. The results of tests widen the security margin for TFX's usage.
Data have been presented on the observation of 80 children with acute myeloid leukemia, among them 26 patients who, in addition to chemotherapy, were given tactivin treatment. The authors have proved the necessity of long-term tactivin administration in acute myeloid leukemia (no less than 2-3 years). that permits not only reducing the incidence of intercurrent diseases, but also increasing the duration of the remission period.
Epithelial thymomas are a rare type of malignant tumors. The treatment is based on surgical excision especially in non invasive tumors where no other treatment is recommended. In totally or partially unresectable tumors, surgery remains of major importance in tumor debulking, staging, and histological typing. Improvement of radiotherapy techniques allow to optimise the combination of radiation therapy with surgery and/or chemotherapy and to decrease the pulmonary and cardiac secondary effects. The effectiveness of chemotherapy has long been reported case to case. Recently published prospective studies have confirmed the efficacy of anthracyclines and cisplatinum combination regimen and demonstrated the need for further trials using neo-adjuvant chemotherapy. Such studies on a rare and slowly growing tumor have to be proposed in a prospective, multicentric and controlled manner.
In this report we describe the cytologic features of an unusual thymic carcinoid tumor containing prominent cytoplasmic lipid vacuoles that was diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration biopsy. The tumor presented as a presternal subcutaneous mass in an 81-yr-old female, with a contiguous mediastinal mass on computed tomography. The cytomorphologic features included numerous discohesive cells with eccentric, round to oval nuclei, granular chromatin, and scant cytoplasm containing numerous intracytoplasmic, clear vacuoles. The neoplastic cells were reactive for neuroendocrine markers by immunocytochemistry and showed reactivity of the intracytoplasmic vacuoles with an oil red-O stain for neutral lipid. Ultrastructural examination confirmed the presence of intracytoplasmic lipid vacuoles and neurosecretory granules. Subsequent surgical excision confirmed the diagnosis. We believe this to be the first report describing these features in a primary thymic carcinoid tumor. The differential diagnosis of mediastinal tumors with clear-cell features and cytoplasmic vacuolization is also discussed.
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Twenty one patients aged from 10 to 31 years were subjected to thymectomy by a jugular access without any complications and lethal issues. Principal indications and contraindications to using a jugular access for thymectomy are discussed, technical features of the operative procedure are described in detail. It is the authors' opinion that the proper selection of patients might allow the performance of radical thymectomy within anatomical boundaries. Thymectomy using a jugular approach is characterized by an insignificant trauma, more smooth postoperative period, and therefore, it could be recommended in some patients with most grave forms of miasthenia.
The influence of thymocyte enrichment with cholesterol on radiosensitivity of these cells has been studied. The enrichment was performed using autoliposomes. It was found that in the modified cells the processes of lipid peroxidation, enzymatic degradation of chromatin and apoptosis are inhibited.
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