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PubMed1990

Maximal peak torque as a predictor of peak angular impulse and average power of thigh muscles--an isometric and isokinetic study.

The aim of this study was to determine whether isometric and isokinetic peak torque (PT) of hamstring and quadriceps muscles (speed of movement 0 degrees, 60 degrees, and 180 degrees/sec) is a valid predictor of peak angular impulse (PAI) and average power (AP) (180 degrees/sec) in 20 patients after an injury to the lateral collateral ligament (LCL) of the knee. At every test speed the Pearson product moment (r) and the Spearman rank (rs) correlation coefficients between the PT and PAI were highly significant for both muscle groups in the uninjured (r = .71-.96, rs = .76-.96) as well as in the injured (r = .70-.96, rs = .78-.98) knees. The results were the same between the PT and AP (uninjured knee: r = .83-.98, rs = .78-.95; injured knee; r = .64-.97, rs = .74-.96). In both knees and in both muscle groups the correlation coefficients increased towards the highest speed of the isokinetic movement, obviously since the PAI and AP were registered at that speed. In conclusion, concerning LCL insufficient or uninjured knees, the PAI or AP analysis may offer little additional information about thigh muscle function to that attained by more simple measurement, the PT analysis.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Strength and cross-sectional areas of reciprocal muscle groups in the upper arm and thigh during adolescence.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the development in muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) and strength capability of the reciprocal muscle groups in the upper arm and thigh. Subjects were 130 boys aged 7 to 18 years; 7-9 yr aged-group (n = 30), 10-12 yr (n = 30), 13-15 yr (n = 35), and 16-18 yr (n = 35). Anatomical CSAs of elbow flexors (EF), elbow extensors (EE), knee flexors (KF) and knee extensors (KE) were determined with a B-mode ultrasound apparatus. Isokinetic strength during elbow or knee extension as well as elbow or knee flexion was measured by using a Cybex II isokinetic dynamometer at the pre-set constant velocity of 60 degrees/s. The effect of age associated with a significant increase in both CSA and strength with a marked increase in 13-15 yr. The elder aged-groups had a significantly higher ratio of strength to muscle CSA than in the lower aged-groups. The effect of age on EF/EE CSA ratio was not significant, but EF/EE strength ratio was the highest in 16-18 yr and the lowest in 7-9 yr. With advancing age, KF/KE CSA ratio had a tendency to increase, but KF/KE strength ratio remained almost unchanged. These results indicate that (1) children in the pre-puberty or the early stage of puberty do not develop strength in proportion to their muscle CSA, and (2) the flexors and extensors in limbs have reciprocally different growth rates in either CSA or strength even in the same region.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Acute compartment syndrome of the anterior thigh caused by muscular overexertion].

The object of this paper is to describe the problems of acute compartments syndromes, caused by muscular overexertion (in this case in the thigh) by a case report. Besides the description of the causes a potential pathomechanism in acute compartment syndrome, the authors discuss diagnostics, therapy and complications of these syndromes with due regard to the relevant scientific publications.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1981

Isokinetic thigh muscle strength after ligament reconstruction in the knee joint: results from a 5-10 year follow-up after reconstructions of the anterior cruciate ligament in the knee joint.

We evaluated the thigh muscle strength using an isokinetic dynamometer in 80 patients 5 to 10 years following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Patients with good results also had good muscle function, both of their flexor and their extensor muscles. Patients with poor results demonstrated reduced muscle strength in both their hamstrings and their quadriceps. Patients with fair functional results demonstrated reduced strength of their extensor muscles compared to their normal leg. However, strength in their operated leg's flexor muscles was unchanged compared to their normal leg. This may be due to the fact that strong hamstring muscles can compensate for some instability of the anterior cruciate ligament.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Intermuscular chondrolipoma of the thigh: the diagnostic way of a rare entity.

Cartilaginous metaplasia in lipomas (chondrolipoma) is rare and mainly encountered in large-sized, long-standing lipomas. Chondrolipomas can be found at almost any site of the body, particularly in the connecting tissue of the skeletal system, breast, pharynx, and nasopharynx. We report on an intermuscular tumor of the thigh in a patient who suffered from lipomatosis in his past medical history. We describe how the diagnosis of chondrolipoma was reached and discuss the differential diagnoses.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Soft-tissue sarcoma of the thigh: surgical margin influences local recurrence but not survival in 152 patients.

Between 1979 and 1998, 152 patients with a soft-tissue sarcoma arising in the thigh were surgically treated in the Sarcoma Center in Aarhus, Denmark. We studied clinicopathologic factors prognostic for local recurrence and survival. 27 patients (18%) had a low-grade tumor, 26 (17%) an intermediate-grade and 99 (65%) a high-grade tumor. 27 patients (18%) were amputated and 125 (82%) had a local resection. 21 (14%) underwent a marginal resection, 82 (54%) a wide resection and 49 (32%) a compartmental resection. 32 patients were also given radiotherapy, 11 of these had a marginal resection. The 5-year local recurrence-free rate was 91%. Multivariate analysis selected marginal resection and histological high grade as unfavorable prognostic factors for local recurrence. The 5-year survival rate was 68%. High age and histological high grade were unfavorable prognostic factors for survival in a multivariate analysis. Surgical margin influenced local recurrence, but not the overall survival.

Actuarial Analysis↗
PubMed2002

Effect of dietary oregano essential oil on performance of chickens and on iron-induced lipid oxidation of breast, thigh and abdominal fat tissues.

1. We studied the effect of dietary oregano essential oil (50 and 100 mg/kg of feed) on the performance of broilers, and determined the susceptibility of the resulting broiler meat to iron-induced lipid oxidation. 2. Performance of the birds was unaffected by the experimental diets. Therefore, dietary oregano oil exerted no growth-promoting effect on broilers. 3. Iron-induced lipid oxidation showed that as oregano oil increased in the diet, malondialdehyde values decreased in tissue samples, suggesting that the oil, particularly at 100 mg/kg of feed, exerted an antioxidant effect on chicken tissues. 4. Dietary alpha-tocopheryl acetate supplementation at 200 mg/kg of feed displayed greater antioxidant activity than oregano oil at either supplementation rate. 5. Thigh muscle was more susceptible to oxidation than breast muscle, although the former contained alpha-tocopherol at higher concentration. Muscle alpha-tocopherol is an important factor influencing lipid oxidation, but the influence of polyunsaturated fatty acids and content of pro-oxidants must be taken into consideration too.

Abdomen↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The effect of thigh muscle reconditioning by electrical stimulation on urodynamic activity in SCI patients.

Various forms of electrical stimulation are being used more frequently for bladder and muscle rehabilitation following spinal injury. Fifteen patients with spinal cord injury underwent a four to eight week period of thigh muscle reconditioning by surface electrical stimulation. The accumulated effects of this program on bladder function were assessed by urodynamic evaluation before and after the test period. Seven patients had beneficial changes of either an increase in bladder capacity and/or a decrease in bladder pressure. Six patients had a decrease in bladder capacity and/or an increase in bladder pressure, although two of these six patients had resolution of spinal shock. Two patients with detrusor areflexia had no changes in pressure or capacity. There was no change in the basic urodynamic patterns, only the parameters of bladder capacity and pressure. Increasing the use of electrical stimulation for rehabilitation of the spinal cord population might alter bladder function, although not consistently. One should, therefore, be aware of these changes when setting up such rehabilitation programs.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Relationships between peak torque, peak angular impulse, and average power in the thigh muscles of subjects with knee damage.

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the isometric and isokinetic peak torque (PT) (speed of movement 0, 60, and 180 deg/s) and the peak angular impulse (PAI) and average power (AP) of multiple contractions (180 deg/s) of the quadriceps and hamstrings in 29 patients with a chronic, complete deficiency of the medial collateral ligament (MCL) of the knee. At every test speed the Pearson product moment (r) and the Spearman rank (rs) correlation coefficients between the PT and PAI were highly significant for both muscle groups in the uninjured (r = .81-.97, rs = .77-.97) as well as in the MCL deficient (r = .77-.97, rs = .75-.95 knees. The results were the same between the PT and AP (uninjured knee: r = .83-.98, rs = .82-.98; MCL deficient knee: r = .78-.97, rs = .76-.97). In both knees and in both muscle groups the correlation coefficients increased toward the highest speed of the isokinetic movement, obviously because the PAI and AP were registered at that speed. In conclusion, concerning MCL deficient or uninjured knees the PAI or AP analysis may offer little additional information about thigh muscle function to that attained by more simple measurement, the PT analysis.

Adult↗
PubMed1967

Bone formation induced in mouse thigh by cultured human cells.

Cultured FL human amnion cells injected intramuscularly into cortisone-conditioned mice proliferate to form discrete nodules which become surrounded by fibroblasts. Within 12 days, fibroblastic zones differentiate into cartilage which calcifies to form bone. Experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that FL cells behave as an inductor of bone formation. In the electron microscope, FL cells were readily distinguished from surrounding fibroblasts. Transitional forms between the two cell types were not recognized. Stains for acid mucopolysaccharides emphasized the sharp boundary between metachromatic fibroblastic and cartilaginous zones and nonmetachromatic FL cells. (35)S was taken up preferentially by fibroblasts and chondrocytes and then deposited extracellularly in a manner suggesting active secretion of sulfated mucopolysaccharides. FL cells showed negligible (35)S utilization and secretion. FL cells, labeled in vitro with thymidine-(3)H, were injected and followed radioautographically, during bone formation. Nuclear label of injected FL cells did not appear in adjacent fibroblasts in quantities sufficient to indicate origin of the latter from FL cells. The minimal fibroblast nuclear labeling seen may represent reutilization of label from necrotic FL cells. It is suggested that FL cells injected into the mouse thigh induced cartilage and bone formation by host fibroblasts.

Amnion↗
PubMed2003

MRI-guided gas bubble enhanced ultrasound heating in in vivo rabbit thigh.

In this study, we propose a focused ultrasound surgery protocol that induces and then uses gas bubbles at the focus to enhance the ultrasound absorption and ultimately create larger lesions in vivo. MRI and ultrasound visualization and monitoring methods for this heating method are also investigated. Larger lesions created with a carefully monitored single ultrasound exposure could greatly improve the speed of tumour coagulation with focused ultrasound. All experiments were performed under MRI (clinical, 1.5 T) guidance with one of two eight-sector, spherically curved piezoelectric transducers. The transducer, either a 1.1 or 1.7 MHz array, was driven by a multi-channel RF driving system. The transducer was mounted in an MRI-compatible manual positioning system and the rabbit was situated on top of the system. An ultrasound detector ring was fixed with the therapy transducer to monitor gas bubble activity during treatment. Focused ultrasound surgery exposures were delivered to the thighs of seven New Zealand while rabbits. The experimental, gas-bubble-enhanced heating exposures consisted of a high amplitude 300 acoustic watt, half second pulse followed by a 7 W, 14 W or 21 W continuous wave exposure for 19.5 s. The respective control sonications were 20 s exposures of 14 W, 21 W and 28 W. During the exposures, MR thermometry was obtained from the temperature dependency of the proton resonance frequency shift. MRT2-enhanced imaging was used to evaluate the resulting lesions. Specific metrics were used to evaluate the differences between the gas-bubble-enhanced exposures and their respective control sonications: temperatures with respect to time and space, lesion size and shape, and their agreement with thermal dose predictions. The bubble-enhanced exposures showed a faster temperature rise within the first 4 s and higher overall temperatures than the sonications without bubble formation. The spatial temperature maps and the thermal dose maps derived from the MRI thermometry closely correlated with the resulting lesion as examined by T2-weighted imaging. The lesions created with the gas-bubble-enhanced heating exposures were 2-3 times larger by volume, consistently more spherical in shape and closer to the transducer than the control exposures. The study demonstrates that gas bubbles can reliably be used to create significantly larger lesions in vivo. MRI thermometry techniques were successfully used to monitor the thermal effects mediated by the bubble-enhanced exposures.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed2003

Washout studies of 11C in rabbit thigh muscle implanted by secondary beams of HIMAC.

Heavy ion therapy has two definite advantages: good dose localization and higher biological effect. Range calculation of the heavy ions is an important factor in treatment planning. X-ray CT numbers are used to estimate the heavy ion range by looking up values in a conversion table which relates empirically photon attenuation in tissues to particle stopping power; this is one source of uncertainty in the treatment planning. Use of positron emitting radioactive beams along with a positron emission tomograph or a positron camera gives range information and may be used as a means of checking in heavy ion treatment planning. However, the metabolism of the implanted positron emitters in a living object is unpredictable because the chemical forms of these emitters are unknown and the metabolism is dependent on the organ species and may be influenced by many factors such as blood flow rate and fluid components present. In this paper, the washout rate of 11C activity implanted by injecting energetic 11C beams into thigh muscle of a rear leg of a rabbit is presented. The washout was found to consist of two components, the shorter one was about 4.2 +/- 1.1 min and the longer one ranged from 91 to 124 min. About one third of the implanted beta+ activity can be used for imaging and the rest was washed out of the target area.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Recording of short-term finger blood pressure changes induced by an arterial occlusive thigh cuff: comparison between the modified oscillometric and Finapres techniques.

Blood pressure recordings obtained by the volume clamp method (Finapres monitor, Ohmeda, USA) were compared with measurements by using a novel modification of the oscillometric method (UT9201 beat-to-beat monitor, University of Tartu, Estonia). Step changes in total peripheral resistance were introduced in 11 healthy volunteers by rapid inflation to the suprasystolic pressure of bilateral thigh cuffs during a rhythmical exercise with the quadriceps muscles and simultaneously performed handgrip compression. The provoked short-term changes in mean arterial pressure (MAP) were similarly tracked by both devices. The agreement between the methods was better for MAP rise than drop. The group-averaged difference UT9201 minus Finapres did not exceed 1.2 mmHg (NS, p = 0.46) after cuff successive inflation but yielded 3.8 mmHg (significant, p < 0.05) after cuff successive deflation.

Blood Pressure↗
PubMed2003

Do the Finapres and Colin radial artery tonometer measure the same blood pressure changes following deflation of thigh cuffs?

The objective of this work was to determine if systematic differences exist between blood pressure time series measured by two non-invasive techniques. Cerebral blood flow autoregulation is often measured while a change in blood pressure is induced by deflation of thigh cuffs. To interpret the result a continuous measurement of arterial blood pressure is required. The Finapres is a non-invasive blood pressure monitor that is often used when assessing autoregulation but there is uncertainty about its reliability. A more recent device, the Colin tonometer, uses radial artery tonometry, which may prove to be a more reliable non-invasive method of obtaining a blood pressure waveform. Twenty healthy volunteers were recruited; blood pressure trends following cuff deflation were measured simultaneously with a Finapres and a Colin tonometer. A significant difference was found between the blood pressure waveforms measured with the two devices. The most striking difference was a slower recovery time measured with the Finapres (Wilcoxon signed rank test P < 0.001). Peripheral vasoaction may be distorting the measurement of blood pressure by the Finapres. This would account for the difference that exists between the techniques. Comparison with a direct arterial line would confirm which non-invasive measurement is more accurate.

Blood Pressure↗
PubMed2001

Perniosis (chilblains) of the thigh: report of five cases, including four following river crossings.

Perniosis, or chilblains, are skin lesions that occur as an abnormal reaction to cold, damp environments. We describe five cases of perniosis affecting the thighs. Four of the five cases occurred after wading across mountain rivers. Histological changes of deep perniosis and panniculitis were seen in a skin biopsy from one of the cases. In each case there was marked pain and discomfort, and lesions resolved over more than 1 week.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Sequential compression device with thigh-high sleeves supports mean arterial pressure during Caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia.

BACKGROUND: This study investigated the use of a Sequential Compression Device (SCD) with thigh-high sleeves and a preset pressure of 50 mm Hg that recruits blood from the lower limbs intermittently, as a method to prevent spinal hypotension during elective Caesarean section. Possible association of arterial pressure changes with maternal, fetal, haemodynamic, and anaesthetic factors were studied. METHODS: Fifty healthy parturients undergoing elective Caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia were randomly assigned to either SCD (n=25) or control (n=25) groups. A standardized protocol for pre-hydration and anaesthetic technique was followed. Hypotension was defined as a decrease in any mean arterial pressure (MAP) measurement by more than 20% of the baseline MAP. Systolic (SAP), MAP and diastolic (DAP) arterial pressure, pulse pressure (PP), and heart rate (HR) were noted at baseline and every minute after the spinal block until delivery. RESULTS: A greater than 20% decrease in MAP occurred in 52% of patients in the SCD group vs 92% in the control group (P=0.004, odds ratio 0.094, 95% CI 0.018-0.488). There were no significant differences in SAP, DAP, HR, and PP between the groups. CONCLUSION: SCD use in conjunction with vasopressor significantly reduced the incidence of a 20% reduction of MAP.

Anesthesia, Obstetrical↗
PubMed2004

Quantitative assessment of MRI T2 relaxation time of thigh muscles in juvenile dermatomyositis.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to examine the validity and reliability of a quantifiable measure of inflammation using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in children with juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM). METHODS: Children with active JDM, inactive JDM and healthy children received detailed assessments of recognized measures of muscle inflammation including muscle strength (manual muscle testing and myometry) and function (Childhood Myositis Assessment Scale, Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire), the muscle enzymes lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK) and T2-weighted MRI scans of the thigh muscles, and these values were correlated with each other. RESULTS: Ten children with active JDM, 10 with inactive JDM and 20 healthy children completed the study. There was no significant difference in ages between the three groups. The MRI T2 relaxation times were significantly increased in active JDM compared with inactive JDM and healthy children (P = 0.05), indicating a detectable increase in inflammation within the muscles. There were also good correlations between the MRI scores and the measures of muscle strength and function; however, there was no correlation between the MRI and muscle enzymes. CONCLUSIONS: The MRI T2 relaxation time can be used as a quantitative measure of muscle inflammation and it has good correlations with other measures of disease activity.

Adolescent↗