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At least 739 records · Page 41Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

Polyandry produces sexy sons at the cost of daughters in red flour beetles.

Female mating with multiple males within a single fertile period is a common phenomenon in the animal kingdom. Female insects are particularly promiscuous. It is not clear why females mate with multiple partners despite several potential costs, such as expenditure of time and energy, reduced lifespan, risk of predation and contracting sexually transmitted diseases. Female red flour beetles (Tribolium castaneum) obtain sufficient sperm from a single insemination to retain fertility for several months. Nonetheless they copulate repeatedly within minutes with different males despite no direct fitness benefits from this behaviour. One hypothesis is that females mate with multiple partners to provide indirect benefits via enhanced offspring fitness. To test this hypothesis, we compared the relative fitness of F(1) offspring from females mated with single males and multiple males (2, 4, 8, or 16 partners), under the condition of relatively high intraspecific competition. We found that a female mating with 16 males enhanced the relative fitness of F(1) males (in two out of three trials) but reduced F(1) females' fitness (in two independent trials) in comparison with singly mated females. We also determined whether several important fitness correlates were affected by polyandry. We found that F(1) males from mothers with 16 partners inseminated more females than F(1) males from mothers with a single partner. The viability of the eggs sired or produced by F(1) males and females from highly polyandrous mothers was also increased under conditions of low intra-specific competition. Thus, the effects of polyandry on F(1) offspring fitness depend on environmental conditions. Our results demonstrated a fitness trade-off between male and female offspring from polyandrous mothers in a competitive environment. The mechanisms and biological significance of this unique phenomenon are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Adult psychosocial functioning following childhood cancer: the different roles of sons' and daughters' relationships with their fathers and mothers.

BACKGROUND: Adult survivors of childhood cancer have impaired psychosocial functioning, but not much is known about the causes. In this study we examined the role of relationships with parents as a possible mediating factor. METHOD: One hundred and two adult survivors (82% of those eligible, 35 female and 57 male) of childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia and Wilms' Tumour, and 102 matched controls (74% of those eligible) aged 19-30 were interviewed. Interpersonal and social role functioning, and current relationships with each parent were assessed in standardised investigator-based interviews with subjects. RESULTS: Adult survivors were more likely than controls to have impaired close relationships (love relationships and friendships), and poorer day-to-day coping. Lower encouragement from fathers and greater involvement with mothers were each independently associated with impaired close relationships outside the family. This association was evident across the sample and in the cancer survivor group. It was much stronger in young adult females. Lower paternal encouragement was also associated with poor day-to-day coping, and this association was stronger in young men. There was, however, little evidence that quality of relationships with parents mediated the link between childhood cancer and adult psychosocial functioning. CONCLUSIONS: Within this cross-sectional design we could not determine the direction of influence, nor exclude third variable effects. However, the findings indicate that mothers and fathers have different roles in the transition to adult life, and understanding these may assist the development of interventions designed to improve adult psychosocial functioning.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

An 87 bp deletion in exon 5 of the LDL receptor gene in a mother and her son with familial hypercholesterolemia.

DNA analysis of the low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) gene was performed in two persons with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH). Southern blot experiments indicated the heterozygous loss of an EcoRI site in exon 5 of the LDLR gene. Upon amplification and sequencing of exon 5 in both probands, an 87-bp deletion in a heterozygous state could be evaluated. This is a novel mutation, most probably leading to the formation of a nonfunctional LDLR. Analysis of the deletion breakpoints revealed the presence of a six-base-pair consensus sequence 5'TGA/GA/GG/TA/C3', which is characteristic of small deletions in different genetic defects.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Kawasaki disease in a father and son.

The pathogenesis and etiology of Kawasaki disease are unknown, but some studies suggest increased genetic susceptibility. The case is presented of an infant with Kawasaki disease whose father suffered from the same illness 21 years previously. The A, B and C loci of the HLA antigens were examined.

Adult↗