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PubMed1990

Surgical hand disinfection: comparison of 4% chlorhexidine detergent solution and 2% triclosan detergent solution.

The effect of 4% chlorhexidine detergent and 2% triclosan detergent on the resident flora of the hands was compared on 20 healthy volunteers. The initial and prolonged effects of the agents were assessed by a modification of the Peterson glove rinse test after multiple hand washes. Chlorhexidine detergent was significantly more effective than triclosan detergent (p less than 0.001) which in turn was more effective than non-medicated soap (p less than 0.001) for both initial and prolonged effect. Chlorhexidine, but not triclosan, showed a significantly greater prolonged effect than initial effect (p less than 0.01). Five volunteers (25%) experienced skin irritation with triclosan; no side effects were experienced with chlorhexidine.

Chlorhexidine↗
PubMed2006

Inhalation solutions: which one are allowed to be mixed? Physico-chemical compatibility of drug solutions in nebulizers.

Therapy of chronic respiratory diseases often involves inhalation therapy with nebulizers. Patients often attempt to shorten the time consuming administration procedure by mixing drug solutions/suspensions for simultaneous inhalation. This article considers the issue of physico-chemical compatibility of admixtures of drug solutions/suspensions in nebulizers. A search of databases, prescribing information and primary literature was conducted to locate literature concerning the physico-chemical compatibility of inhalation solutions/suspensions. This was supplemented by telephone interviews. Admixtures of albuterol with ipratropium and/or cromolyn, of albuterol and budesonide, or tobramycin, or colistin are physico-chemically compatible. Physico-chemical compatibility has been demonstrated for admixtures of cromolyn with albuterol and/or ipratropium and for admixtures of cromolyn and budesonide. Admixtures of budesonide with ipratropium and/or fenoterol, and admixtures of budesonide and albuterol, or cromolyn are physico-chemically compatible. Both cromolyn and colistin are incompatible with benzalkonium chloride. Admixtures should be prepared from inhalation solutions/suspensions formulated without preservatives. Besides studies of the physico-chemical compatibility, the aerodynamic behaviour of physico-chemical mixtures needs to be studied before a final recommendation of simultaneous nebulization of compatible admixtures can be made.

Acetylcysteine↗
PubMed2005

Copper and zinc removal from aqueous solution by mixed mineral systems II. The role of solution composition and aging.

This study investigates Cu and Zn removal onto binary mixed mineral sorbents from simulated wastewater, relevant to streams impacted by acid mine drainage and effluents. Mixed suspensions of kaolinite/montmorillonite and kaolinite/goethite exhibited different sorption behavior from the single mineral components, reducing Cu and Zn removal (except Cu sorbed on montmorillonite/goethite) over the range of pH investigated. Cu and Zn removal by the electrolyzed systems showed a complex response to increased ionic strength, which increased solid concentration, leading to lower Cu and Zn sorption. Enhanced Cu sorption on the montmorillonite/goethite as age increased may be attributed to increased hydroxylation of the mineral surface resulting in the formation of new reactive sites.

Journal Article↗