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PubMed1965

EMERGING DISCIPLINES IN THE HEALTH SCIENCES AND THEIR IMPACT ON HEALTH SCIENCES LIBRARIES: HUMAN ECOLOGY.

The problem with which human ecology confronts medical librarians is that of inherent complexity combined with vagueness of definition and thought, associated with the risk of dispersing effort and funds ineffectually and too widely. Much of this paper is concerned with explaining why ecology must primarily be concerned with the "physiology of ecosystems," an ecosystem being an organized assemblage of populations of various living organisms plus all the nonliving components with which they interact or through which they exchange information. This is the broadest view of synecology. Much of the great complexity of an ecosystem is only apparent, because the integration of the components gives it statistical simplicities and, especially, some reliable homeostasis. In practice, fragmentary studies must be made, the lowliest of these being the autecology of an individual or a species such as man or the Norway rat. It is only in such studies that the term "environment" has meaning: the concept of environment disappears in the ecosystem, of which environments are simply component parts. For such fragmentary studies, it is recommended that the prefix "aut-" be retained, or that "bionomics" be used instead. Such studies should be made always with the intention of relating them to the ecosystem. An ecosystem becomes much more difficult to study if it is rapidly evolving. Ecosystems which include man as a dominant species are not only evolving, but contain whimsical and irrational human social elements lacking in animal groups. It should suffice to restrict the responsibilities of the medical librarian to catering for modern epidemiology (medical ecology). The range of disciplines involved is summarized and some practical hints added; the contributions of an active group (department, institute, or another) and cross-campus cooperation are stressed.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Psychosomatic medicine between natural science and psychological science--tertium non datur?].

Psyche and soma are open to scientific-causal analysis for biomedicine as well as for social-empirical studies. Both are furthermore accessible to the ideographic discourse of subjective meanings and intentional acts. The German language marks this difference with the terms of "Körper" (body) and "Leib" (embodied soul--spirited body). The Bieri-trilemma demonstrates the resulting epistemological calamity. Neither the so-called behavioral medicine as variation of an ontologic-methodological materialism nor pure phenomenology of the sick subject lead the way out of such inconsistencies. Attempts of systemtheoretical mediation usually only prove their poor reviewing of traditional discussion. This paper outlines some of the currently interesting positions towards the so-called body-soul-problem in the field of psychosomatic medicine, at the same time warning against hasty expectations. We discuss the intentional-biographic approach, the biomedical approach (including the simultaneity correlation (Schultz-Hencke) as well as the brain-soul-correlationism (Kurthen and Linke). As our result we maintain the complementarity of a double discourse for psychosomatic medicine, namely the complementarity of hermeneutic analysis of meaningful processes and of bio-psycho-social casualties. The complementary discourse levels occasionally find their counterparts on an intersubjective-objective time-space-axis. For this we suggest the concept of socialempiric and biomedical markers. Attempts of mediation, be it from systemic-emergence-theoretical or from hermeneutic perspective of interaction forms and their interaction engrams corresponding to their central nervous substratum, turn out to be mystifications of actual incompatibilities, namely of the inevitably double discourse. For this the theory of absolute processes (W. Sellars) promises mediation, but so far no more.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Arousal↗