Similarities and differences in self-concepts of women alcoholics and drug addicts.
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Two survey studies suggested that depressed people react to their acute distress by engaging in self-serving biases and striving to develop positive self-views. Study 1 revealed that whereas most of the specific self-views of depressed persons were relatively negative, their best (most favorable) self-views were just as favorable as the best self-views of nondepressed persons. Moreover, depressed participants reported that they were highly confident of their best self-views and considered these beliefs extremely important. Analyses equating depressed and nondepressed persons for global self-esteem provided even stronger evidence of self-serving biases among the depressed. Specifically, such analyses revealed that depressed persons' best self-views were even more positive than the best self-views of the nondepressed. A 2nd study replicated these effects and provided tentative evidence that downward comparison processes play a role in the development of depressed persons' positive self-views. The theoretical and therapeutic implications of these findings are discussed.
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AIM: This research was aimed at assessing the effects of pubertal maturation on the self-image of adolescents. METHODS AND PATIENTS: Three components of self-image have been studied: body image (physical well-being, attractiveness and efficiency), perceived relations with peers of the opposite sex, and self-esteem. A sample of 159 French boys and girls aged from 11 to 16.3 years completed self-report scales and a semantic differential. Their pubertal status was measured by school physicians in terms of Tanner stages. RESULTS: Correlational patterns indicated stronger reciprocal links between the different components of self-image in girls than in boys. Results from regression analyses confirmed that the impact of pubertal maturation on self-image is qualitatively very different between the two sexes.
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