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PubMed2002

Inhibition of artificial secondary caries by fluoride-releasing adhesives on root dentin.

Fluoride-releasing materials can be expected to inhibit the secondary caries. The aim;of this study was to evaluate the effect of fluoride-releasing adhesives on inhibition of secondary caries in outer and wall lesions. Two commercial fluoride-releasing adhesives, Reactmer bond (RB) and One-up bond F (OB), and a commercial adhesive without fluoride release, Mac-bond II (MB), were used prior to placement of restorative materials without fluoride release, Lite-fil II A (LF) and Estelite (EL), and a fluoride-releasing restorative material, Reactmer paste (RP). Class V cavities prepared on extracted human premolars were restored with various combinations of the materials: MB/EL, OB/EL, RB/LF and RB/RP. The restored teeth were incubated in bacterial medium containing sucrose with Streptoccus mutans for 14 days. Microradiographs of specimens showed no wall lesions in all groups and an acid-resistant layer adjacent to the restoration in the caries-like lesion. OB/EL, RB/LF and RB/RP groups showed thicker layers than the MB/EL group. The RB/RP group formed the shallowest outer lesion among all groups. These results indicate that fluoride-releasing adhesives are effective in the prevention of wall lesions but exhibit little outer lesion inhibition. Therefore, combined restoration using a fluoride-releasing adhesive and fluoride-releasing restorative material should be selected to inhibit secondary caries.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2002

Is medication a risk factor for dental caries among older people?

OBJECTIVES: This study examined the association between chronic medication exposure and 5-year dental caries increment among older people, using a theoretical model whereby xerogenic medication is thought to lead to increased caries by either (i) chronically lowering salivary flow, thus reducing salivary buffering of plaque acids, or (ii) producing the symptoms of dry mouth, leading to symptomatic relief through the use of cariogenic drinks and foodstuffs. METHODS: Data were obtained from participants remaining at the 5-year follow-up phase of a cohort study of community-dwelling South Australians aged 60 +. Medication information was available at baseline and at 5 years, enabling only those medications taken on both occasions to be included in the analyses. Dental examinations were conducted at baseline and 5 years, and a reversal-adjusted 5-year caries increment was computed. Multivariate modelling was used to control the effects of potential confounders. RESULTS: Of the original sample, 528 (62.3%) remained after 5 years, with those remaining tending to be younger, healthier and less medicated than those lost to follow-up. Five-year coronal caries incidence was 66.9%. The adjusted coronal caries increment (AdjCI) was higher among males and among those taking a beta-blocker or an antiasthma drug for the previous 5 years. The 5-year incidence of root surface caries was 59.3%. A lower root surface AdjCI was associated with taking daily aspirin. Of the medications shown in earlier analyses to predict dry mouth, only the antiasthma drugs were associated with higher caries experience, and they had predicted more severe xerostomia symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: This study offers no strong evidence for a medication-caries relationship, as only one of the observed medication-caries associations was explicable in terms of the theoretical model. However, it should be acknowledged that older people taking antiasthma drugs may be at higher risk of coronal caries, possibly through measures taken for the symptomatic relief of dry mouth.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1996

Extraoral apical elongation of deeply damaged roots with titanium posts. A comparison of 2 methods.

42 very deeply fractured or otherwise damaged single roots which could not be saved by intra-alveolar transplantation only were replanted to a supragingival level after extraoral transapical elongation by either an ordinary titanium root screw (method 1) or a specially designed titanium post (TransApex, Dentatus) (method 2). After observation periods of x = 73 months (method 1) and x = 34 months (method 2), 61% and 85% of the cases-respectively, were considered successful, fulfilling all 5 predefined success criteria. No other resorptions than slight surface resorptions were seen and all teeth showed very shallow pocket depths and physiological mobility, indicating that the long extraoral treatment had not caused lasting traumatic injury to the PDL cells. The most frequent complication in method 1 was periapical osteitis, indicating that the elongation system had become insufficient. On the other hand, the method showed the capacity to heal many of the pre-existing osteitis cases. Both root elongation techniques described in this report are comparatively inexpensive and safe, since the apical elongation is never extended beyond the lamina dura structure of the alveolus. Method 2 is to be preferred, however, as the specially designed through-and-through post-system which simultaneously provides apical closure, transapical elongation and coronal retention, allows treatment of even very short roots and seems to give better results.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Remineralization of root lesions with concentrated calcium and phosphate solutions.

Remineralization of enamel lesions in vitro by use of sequential treatments with an alkaline (pH 9) phosphate (1 mol/L) solution and slightly acidic (pH 6) calcium (1 mol/L) solution was reported to be relatively ineffective. An analysis of the diffusion processes that may occur during the remineralization treatments suggested that the driving force for diffusion of Ca into the lesion can be increased by making the calcium solution more alkaline than the phosphate solution. In the present study this modified treatment procedure was evaluated for remineralizing root lesions in vitro. Results show that (1) in the control group there was a slight increase in mineral density in the surface region of the lesion, (2) in the experimental group there were significant (p < 0.05) increase in mineral content in the outer 40 microns of the lesion, and (3) in contrast to the finding reported previously, thick mineral deposits on the surface of the root were not observed.

Calcium↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Glass ionomer restoratives.

This article gives an overview of the new hybrid (light-cured) glass ionomers, which are a combination of auto-cured glass ionomer and light-cured composite resin. The characteristics of these materials and the different brands available are discussed. A clinical technique for restoration of cervical lesions with these materials is presented.

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMed1997

Caries prevalence in the permanent dentition of a mediaeval population from the south-west of Scotland.

The prevalence, distribution and location of dental caries were studied in the permanent dentition of skeletons from a large mediaeval cemetery, where successive phases of use could be distinguished. The main phases dated from 1240 AD to 1440 AD. During this 200-year period, caries prevalence showed a statistically significant linear trend to increase. There was an increase in caries prevalence with increasing age from age band 20-25 through 26-35 to 36-45, and this trend was statistically significant in all phase groups but one. The teeth attacked by caries were chiefly molars, followed by premolars, with a low rate of attack in incisors and canines. The differences in caries prevalence between these major tooth classes were significant. Juveniles and adults presented different patterns of carious attack on tooth surfaces, occlusal surfaces being most frequently affected in juveniles, and approximal surfaces in adults. The overall caries prevalence in the mediaeval population of Whithorn was 6.4% of the teeth present, a figure similar to those published for other Scottish mediaeval groups, but lower than the caries prevalence in an English mediaeval group.

Adult↗