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At least 739 records · Page 41Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Health evaluation of black-faced impala (Aepyceros melampus petersi) using blood chemistry and serology.

As part of ongoing ecological studies of black-faced impala (Aepyceros melampus petersi) in northern Namibia, blood samples were collected and analyzed from 26 animals captured for translocation in 1992. All animals appeared to be in good condition and no abnormality was noted during physical examination. Serum chemistry and mineral levels were measured and correlated with the results of bacterial and viral serology and were within the normal ranges for domestic ruminants. Antibody titers for infectious bovine rhinotracheitis and bovine viral diarrhea were detected. Serological tests for bluetongue, foot-and-mouth disease, rinderpest, parainfluenza 3, brucellosis, leptospirosis, and anaplasmosis were negative. Significant differences in disease prevalence were not found between sexes.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

[Strategies for prevention and eradication of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia with or without vaccination].

Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) offers, like rinderpest, the paradox of having been eradicated from some countries (north-western Europe, the United States of America) before the nature of the pathogenic agent was known. As a preventive measure, inoculation of pathogenic material was used but success varies due to strategic inadequacies. The same applies to vaccination with more or less attenuated live strains of Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides. Many ideas for prophylaxis have been suggested. Disease-free countries must apply the recommendations of the International Animal Health Code of the Office International des Epizooties (OIE), including those concerning the operation of epidemiological surveillance systems. Infected countries (or regions) select one of the following courses of action, depending on epidemiological, geographic, economic and social circumstances: Slaughter of affected and in-contact animals. This radical, simple and effective solution cannot be applied everywhere, particularly in a number of developing countries which have pastoral economies. Slaughter of affected animals and vaccination of those in contact. This method, which actually perpetuates the infection, is unfortunately still used widely. Preventive vaccination of healthy animals, coupled with the slaughter of affected animals and/or revaccination of those exposed to infection. This method controls the situation if outbreaks are detected efficiently and combated energetically. The tactical approach for disease-free and infected areas should continue to be that of large-scale and repeated vaccination, recommended since 1970 and the efficiency of which has been proved. This approach can lead to eradication when maintained for at least three years and applied to an entire infected region or country. A country is recognised as free from infection under rules adopted by the OIE in 1995.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Review of tsetse flies and trypanosomosis in South Africa.

The history of tsetse flies and nagana (trypanosomosis) in South Africa, and especially in Zululand, is reviewed. Four valid tsetse fly species have been recorded from South Africa. Glossina morsitans morsitans disappeared from the most northerly parts of South Africa during the rinderpest epizootic between 1896-1897. Of the three remaining species that occurred in Zululand, now part of KwaZuluNatal Province, G. pallidipes was the most common vector of nagana in cattle, but was eradicated from this area in 1954. G. brevipalpis and G. austeni remained but were responsible for only a few sporadic cases of nagana up until 1990. A widespread outbreak occurred in 1990 where cattle served by 61 diptanks were found infected with Trypanosoma congolense and T. vivax. Dipping of cattle in a pyrethroid plus the therapeutic treatment of infected animals brought the disease under control. The outbreak also led to a trial to control G. brevipalpis from the most northerly parts of the Hluhluwe/Umfolozi Game Reserve making use of target technology as for savannah species. The results were not satisfactory and the trial was discontinued until further research could provide a more appropriate system for the control of this species. A Tsetse Research Station was established at Hellsgate near St. Lucia Lake where research on G. brevipalpis and G. austeni is conducted into ways and means of monitoring and controlling these species.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Serum-virus simultaneous method of immunisation against peste des petits ruminants.

Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) hyperimmune serum was prepared in cattle and used to protect goats against PPR. The serum was well tolerated by goats and 8 ml of serum was found to protect goats against 4 ml of pooled virulent PPR virus. A durable active immunity was conferred on goats when serum and virulent PPR virus were given simultaneously. Passive immunity lasted for 15 days.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

The detection of peste des petits ruminants (PPR) virus antigen by agar gel precipitation test and counter-immunoelectrophoresis.

The detectability of peste des petits ruminants (PPR) viral antigen in both ante-mortem secretions and necropsy samples from experimentally infected goats was investigated by both the agar gel precipitation test (AGPT) and counter-immunoelectrophoresis (CIE). Viral antigen was detected from 42.6% of the samples tested by the AGPT and 80.3% by CIE. The detection of viral antigen in a high proportion of the ocular and nasal secretions as well as the faeces and buccal scrapings, particularly from those collected within seven days of the onset of fever, by both techniques, would seem to obviate the need for lymph node biopsies or post-mortem samples in order to make a diagnosis of PPRV infection.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Pathological and immunohistochemical study of experimental peste des petits ruminants virus infection in goats.

Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is an emerging, economically important viral disease of goats and sheep in the Indian subcontinent. In the present investigation, 15 hill goats were experimentally infected with 2 ml of 10% splenic suspension of a virulent isolate of PPR virus (PPR/Izatnagar/94) that had caused heavy mortality (>75%) in goats during 1994 outbreaks in northern India. More than 86% (13 of 15) animals died between 9 and 13 days post inoculation at the height of temperature or when temperatures were declining. Necropsy findings included congestion of gastrointestinal tract (GIT), nasal sinuses, consolidation of antero-ventral lobes of lungs, engorged spleen, and occasionally oedematous lymph nodes. Histopathological examination of major organs of GIT revealed degeneration and necrosis of labial mucosa, severe mucosal and submucosal congestion, degeneration and necrosis of intestinal epithelium and lymphoid cell depletion from Peyer's patches along with presence of syncytia at times. Lungs showed broncho-interstitial changes and presence of intracytoplasmic and intranuclear eosinophilic inclusions in alveolar macrophages and syncytial cells. These changes in lungs were frequently complicated with serofibrinous pneumonia (57%, eight of 14). Lymphocytolysis and occasional syncytia formation were evident in the lymphoid tissues. Immunohistochemical (IHC) findings included presence of PPR virus antigen in the labial, intestinal, and bronchiolar epithelial cells, pneumocytes, macrophages and syncytial cells in lungs, and lymphoid (intact and necrotic) and reticular cells in lymphoid organs. The findings of the study indicated the highly virulent nature of the PPR virus isolate (PPR/Izatnagar/94), causing 100% mortality and characteristic pathological changes in the target organs such as lungs, intestines and lymphoid tissues. The results of the IHC study suggested that indirect immunoperoxidase could be an alternative method in the absence of more sophisticated methods of laboratory diagnosis of PPR virus infection in goats.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Dot enzyme immunoassay for visual detection of peste-des-petits-ruminants virus antigen from infected caprine tissues.

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent microassay using nitrocellulose paper as the solid-phase support was developed for the detection of peste-des-petits-ruminants virus antigens in infected caprine tissue homogenates. Dots of tissue homogenates were applied to nitrocellulose papers, and any unreacted sites were blocked with 5% skim milk powder in triethanolamine-buffered saline. After incubation of the papers in tissue culture supernatant monoclonal antibody against the peste-des-petits-ruminants virus, the antigen-antibody reaction was detected with peroxidase-conjugated anti-mouse immunoglobulin G and the enzyme substrate 4-chloro-1-naphthol. Positive results were visualized as blue dots. Results of the dot enzyme immunoassay compared favorably with those of the standard enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Incorporation of Nonidet P-40 in the washing solution did not improve the sensitivity of the dot enzyme immunoassay, and pretreatment of homogenates with Nonidet P-40 before application to the nitrocellulose paper inhibited the binding of the antigen to the paper and reduced the intensity of the color development.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

An outbreak of peste des petits ruminants in a zoological collection.

Peste des petits ruminants virus was suspected to be the cause of a disease outbreak in a zoological collection at Al Ain in the Arabian Gulf. Clinically the outbreak affected gazelles (Gazellinae), ibex and sheep (Caprinae) and gemsbok (Hippotraginae); subclinical involvement of Nilgai (Tragelaphinae) was suspected. A morbillivirus was isolated and using monoclonal antibodies and biological tests in cattle, sheep and goats the virus of peste des petits ruminants was identified.

Animals↗