Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Pyuria”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 739 records · Page 41Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Bacterial adherence as a virulence factor in urinary tract infection.

Escherichia coli (E. coli) causes greater than 90% of urinary tract infections, UTI, in childhood. The capacity to adhere to urinary tract epithelial cells characterizes E. coli strains that cause acute pyelonephritis. Adherence of uropathogenic E. coli is the result of a specific interaction between bacterial adhesins and glycolipid receptors on the host cells, especially the globoseries of glycolipids which share the Galactose alpha 1-greater than 4Galactose beta disaccharide (Gal alpha 1-greater than 4Gal beta). In childhood UTI, Gal alpha 1-greater than 4Gal beta-binding bacteria caused significantly higher body temperature, C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and pyuria, and lower renal concentrating capacity, than E. coli lacking this specificity. The Gal alpha 1-greater than 4Gal beta-binding bacteria thus appeared to be more potent inducers of inflammation than other strains. Since inflammation may lead to tissue damage we examined the relationship of infection with Gal alpha 1-greater than 4Gal beta-positive bacteria to renal scarring. The frequency of renal scarring was 5% in boys with Gal alpha 1-greater than 4Gal beta-positive and 40% in boys with Gal alpha 1-greater than 4Gal beta-negative E. coli. Bacterial binding to Gal alpha 1-greater than 4Gal beta can be detected with a commercially available test reagent. This reagent can thus be used as an effective predictor of risk for renal scarring. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a pyrogen and inducer of the acute phase reactants. It was shown to be produced locally in the urinary tract, in response to UTI, and to spread systemically. Mucosal challenge with dead bacteria was sufficient to induce the IL-6 response. Circulating IL-6, and/or IL-1 and tumor necrosis factor could explain the fever, as well as increased ESR and CRP found in association with acute symptomatic UTI.

Bacterial Adhesion↗
PubMed2005

Asymptomatic hyperleukocyturia in hemodialysis patients analyzed by the automated urinary flow cytometer.

The number of urinary white blood cells (WBC) is useful marker of urinary tract infection in patients without renal insufficiency. On the other hand, it is unclear what urinalysis data are normal in hemodialysis (HD) patients. The occurrence and numbers of WBC in 75 asymptomatic HD patients and 133 healthy individuals as controls were determined by the automated urinary flow cytometer (UF-100, Sysmex Co., Kobe, Japan). The finding of hyperleukocyturia (>10 WBC per high power field of 400x microscopic magnification) was observed in 46.7% of HD patients. Urinary WBC significantly increased with decrease in the urinary volume. It may not be appropriate to indiscriminately apply the diagnostic criteria of pyuria for patients with normal renal function to dialysis patients because the number of urinary WBC was closely related to the urinary volume in HD patients.

Female↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Persistent urinary tract infections and reinfections in 100 dogs (1989-1999).

A retrospective study was performed of 100 dogs with persistent urinary tract infections (UTIs) or reinfections presenting to the North Carolina State University (Raleigh, NC) Veterinary Teaching Hospital between 1989 and 1999. Criteria for selection included > or = 2 positive urine cultures within a 6-month period. Signalment, presence of predisposing disorders, urinalysis and urine culture results, and treatment strategies were extracted from the medical records. Dogs were a median age of 7 years when the UTI was 1st diagnosed. Dogs younger than 3 and older than 10 years were at increased and decreased risks, respectively, for reinfections or persistent UTIs. Spayed females were more common in the UTI population. More than half of the dogs were asymptomatic for a UTI at 1st presentation. Urine sediment examinations identified hematuria, pyuria, and bacteriuria in 47, 72, and 85% of the samples, respectively. The most commonly isolated organisms were Escherichia coli and Streptococcus/Enterococcus spp.; multiple isolates also were common. Of the isolates, 29.5% were resistant to achievable serum concentrations of all antibiotics commonly prescribed for PO administration. Dogs with abnormal micturition were more likely to have infections by organisms resistant to commonly prescribed antibiotics. Potentially predisposing disorders were identified in 71 dogs. A correction of these disorders was accomplished in 35% of these 71 dogs. Dogs given standard antibiotic therapy without addressing predisposing disorders experienced poor control of their UTIs; 74.5% of these dogs had an apparent disease-free interval (ADFI) of < 8 weeks. By comparison, dogs in which predisposing disorders were corrected or those that were treated with low-dose, long-term antibiotic regimens subjectively had better control.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Clinical evaluation of SD-8828 (antibody coated bacteria assay kit) in urinary tract infection].

Clinical usefulness of a newly developed assay kit for ACB (SD-8828) which detects urinary bacteria coating IgG was evaluated and compared to the enzyme antibody plate method. A total of 48 patients including 20 patients with acute simple cystitis and 28 patients with acute or chronic pyelonephritis, who were shown to have pyuria of at least 5 cells/HPF, bacteriuria of at least 10(4) CFU/ml were enrolled in this study. By enzyme antibody method. ABC was positive in 92.9% of patients with upper urinary tract infection and negative in 100% of patients with lower UTI, this difference being statistically significant (p < 0.02). By SD-8828, 85% of positive coincidence rate and 100% of negative coincidence rate, compared to the enzyme antibody technique, was obtained. The overall coincidence rate was high (91.7%). This SD-8828, a new simple assay for ACB, which detects IgG alternating the plate method, may be used as a convenient method in clinical practice.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1992

[Clinical efficacy of levofloxacin (LVFX) single-dose therapy in female acute uncomplicated cystitis].

Treatment of infections by the use of antimicrobial agents should be made essentially in a dose close to the minimally required dose. Acute uncomplicated cystitis in female fits as the subject for a single-dose therapy since it is an infection reactive relatively easily to antimicrobial agents. Accordingly, an assessment has been made regarding the therapeutic results of the single-dose therapy in 76 female cases of acute uncomplicated cystitis by the use of LVFX 200 mg which is a new quinolone. The urinary concentration more than MIC90 to Escherichia coli is sustained for about 3 days by this single-dose therapy. As a result of judging the therapeutic results from the reactions of the three clinical findings of pain on micturition, pyuria and bacteriuria, excellent therapeutic results were obtained with effective rates being 100% (76/76) on the day 3, 93.9% (46/49) on the day 7 and 94.4% (34/36) on the day 14. The rate of cystitic symptoms which recurred posed no problem, being 12.5% (5/40) up to three months, as investigated by a questionnaire. As a result of performing close urological examinations such as cystoscopy on six cases with insufficient results or recurrence, we could detect mild underlying conditions which are considered to be intractable factors in the bladder in three cases. From the above results, the single-dose therapy of acute uncomplicated cystitis in the female by LVFX which is a new quinolone was considered to be an excellent therapeutic drug from its characteristics such as its therapeutic results being the same as the conventional therapy by daily administration, excellent drug compliance, low cost, hard selectiveness of resistant strains, less side effects and furthermore it gives the opportunity of detecting a latent and mild underlying condition.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1994

[A case of bilateral emphysematous pyelonephritis associated with diabetes mellitus and liver cirrhosis].

A 32-year-old woman was hospitalized with the chief complaints of high fever and right flank pain. The patient had received treatment for diabetes mellitus and liver cirrhosis. The patient's laboratory data indicated pyuria, renal dysfunction and hyperglycemia. E. coli was detected in the blood, urine and pus. Plain abdominal X-ray revealed gas shadows at the right renal region. Abdominal CT scanning also showed gas shadows in the renal parenchyma of both sides. A diagnosis of bilateral emphysematous pyelonephritis was made. Chemotherapy and retroperitoneal drainage was performed. After therapy, the patient's laboratory data was improved and the abnormal gas shadows disappeared. We reviewed 77 cases of emphysematous pyelonephritis, including our case, from the Japanese literature.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Long-term monitoring of female acute uncomplicated cystitis cases after lomefloxacin single-dose therapy].

Female acute uncomplicated cystitis responds relatively well to antimicrobial chemotherapy, but this is also a disease which shows a high frequency of recurrence. However, there have been no published reports regarding long-term monitoring of the course of this disease after therapy has been administered. Accordingly, using primarily a questionnaire, the authors carried out long-term monitoring (for a mean of 242 days) of the natural course of cases of female acute uncomplicated cystitis after single-dose therapy with lomefloxacin (LFLX), a new quinolone antimicrobial agent. The subjects of this study were female patients diagnosed as having acute uncomplicated cystitis with pain upon urination, pyuria (> or = 10 WBCs/hpf) and bacteriuria (> or = 10(4) cfu/ml). LFLX was orally administered as a single dose of 100 mg or 300 mg, and the therapeutic efficacy was evaluated on the 3rd and 7th days thereafter. In principle, the evaluation of cure was performed on the 7th day after LFLX administration, and monitoring was conducted to detect early recurrence during the next 7 days (i.e., through the 14th day after treatment). Then the subjects were monitored for late recurrence during a mean follow-up period of 242 days by means of a questionnaire. Confirmation of recurrence was carried out to the greatest extent possible. It was possible to carry out long-term monitoring of the natural course of 101 cases of female acute uncomplicated cystitis in which the clinical efficacy on the 3rd day after LFLX treatment had been evaluated as good or excellent.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1996

[A case of psoas abscess associated in the elderly].

A case of psoas abscess associated with diabetes mellitus in the elderly is reported. A 81-year-old male who had been followed for cerebral thrombosis, diabetes mellitus and basal cell carcinoma was admitted to our hospital because of high fever. Leukocytosis, a positive CRP test and pyuria were seen. Proteus mirabilis and Escherichia coli were detected by urine and blood culture, respectively. He was treated with antibiotic therapy for urinary tract infection and sepsis. After starting treatment, a low grade fever continued. On the twenty first hospital day he developed pyrexia again, and a large abscess was demonstrated in the right psoas muscle by pelvic couputed tomography. The abscess was drained and a specimen from it yielded E. coli on culture. Treatment with antibiotics and drainage resulted in symptomatic improvement. In Japan, 82 cases of psoas abscess have been reported from 1990 to 1994. Four cases of these reports were above eighty years old. The experience with this case indicates the necessity of adequate care in cases of elderly diabetes complicated by psoas abscess.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Comparative trial of norfloxacin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in the treatment of women with localized, acute, symptomatic urinary tract infections and antimicrobial effect on periurethral and fecal microflora.

Forty-three women with acute, symptomatic urinary tract infections were randomized to receive either norfloxacin (400 mg) twice daily or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (160-800 mg) twice daily for 10 days. Of the 43 patients, 7 (16%) had low-count bacteriuria and pyuria and were included in the evaluation. Escherichia coli was isolated in 72% of the infections, whereas coagulase-negative staphylococci were isolated in 14%. All isolates were susceptible to the assigned study drug. The MICs for 90% of the strains susceptible to norfloxacin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole were less than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to 0.8-16 micrograms/ml, respectively. The cure rates for norfloxacin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole were 95 and 90%, respectively. There were 17 patients with presumptive upper tract infections; only 1 of these relapsed after therapy. The effects on the periurethral flora were similar in both groups, but the infecting organism was eradicated from the fecal flora in 93% of the patients treated with norfloxacin and in 57% of the patients treated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. More early reinfections occurred in the trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole group, with resistant organisms appearing in urine and in the periurethral and fecal flora in all cases. Three patients in each group experienced adverse clinical effects, but these were more severe in the trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole group. No adverse hematological or biochemical changes were noted. From these results, we concluded that norfloxacin is at least as effective as trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in the therapy of acute, symptomatic urinary tract infections in women.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2001

Cytokine profiles of pediatric patients treated with antibiotics for pyelonephritis: potential therapeutic impact.

Urinary tract infections are common in infants and children. Pyelonephritis may result in serious complications, such as renal scarring, hypertension, and renal failure. Identification of the timing of release of inflammatory cytokines in relation to pyelonephritis and its treatment is essential for designing interventions that would minimize tissue damage. To this end, we measured urinary cytokine concentrations of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), IL-6, and IL-8 in infants and children with pyelonephritis and in healthy children. Children that presented to our institution with presumed urinary tract infection were given the diagnosis of pyelonephritis if they had a positive urine culture, pyuria, and one or more of the following indicators of systemic involvement: fever, elevated peripheral white blood cell count, or elevated C-reactive protein. Urine samples were obtained at the time of presentation prior to the administration of antibiotics, immediately after completion of the first dose of antibiotics, and at follow up 12 to 24 h after presentation. IL-1 beta, IL-6, and IL-8 concentrations were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Creatinine concentrations were also determined, and cytokine/creatinine ratios were calculated to standardize samples. Differences between pre-antibiotic and follow-up cytokine/creatinine ratios were significant for IL-1 beta, IL-6, and IL-8 (P < 0.01). Differences between pre-antibiotic and control cytokine/creatinine ratios were also significant for IL-1 beta, IL-6, and IL-8 (P < 0.01). Our study revealed that the urinary tract cytokine response to infection is intense but dissipates shortly after the initiation of antibiotic treatment. This suggests that renal damage due to inflammation begins early in infection, underscoring the need for rapid diagnosis and intervention.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1984

Bacteriuria screening by direct bioluminescence assay of ATP.

A direct bioluminescence assay for bacteriuria screening is described and compared with the MS-2 system (Abbott Laboratories, Irvine, Tex.) and the chemical strip, Gram smear, and calibrated-loop methods. A total of 973 specimens were tested. Unlike previously described bioluminescence methods, this test measures total ATP in urine without pretreatment of samples to remove somatic ATP. The result was compared with an ATP standard (20 ng/ml). A low result (less than 3% of standard) was interpreted as negative and a high result (greater than 10% of standard) as positive. Samples with intermediate results (38% of total) were incubated at 35 degrees C in thioglycolate broth (1:10). A 2% increase in ATP concentration was interpreted as positive. The sensitivity of this method for detecting greater than 10(5) pathogens per ml was 92.3% and was comparable to those of the MS-2 system (92.7%) and the Gram smear method (90.5%). The chemical strip method was less sensitive (84.0%). The direct bioluminescence method was more sensitive than were the MS-2 system and the Gram smear method for detecting low-level bacteriuria (less than 10(3) to 10(5) organisms per ml), primarily because of associated pyuria. Thioglycolate broth provided a suitable medium for ATP production, and 5% CO2 decreased bacterial ATP synthesis during log-phase growth. The direct bioluminescence assay is rapid, simple, cost-effective, and reliable for bacteriuria screening.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1984

Evaluation of a leukocyte dip-stick test used for screening urine cultures.

A 2-min leukocyte esterase dip-stick test for pyuria was used to screen 409 consecutive clinical specimens received for culture. The leukocyte esterase dip-stick test proved to be a sensitive and inexpensive means of screening urine specimens for the absence of leukocytes and, by inference, for the absence of significant bacteruria.

Bacteriuria↗
PubMed1988

Pneumococcosuria in adults.

Pneumococcal bacteriuria is usually felt to indicate systemic pneumococcal infection, especially in children. To determine the frequency and significance of pneumococcosuria in adults, we reviewed the Shreveport Veterans Administration Medical Center microbiology laboratory log books for 1982 through 1985. During these 4 years, more patients had pneumococcal bacteriuria than bacteremia (38 versus 33), but only 2 patients had both. The medical records from 31 bacteriuric patients with 35 positive urine specimens were available for review. The collection technique was reliable for 23 (66%) urine specimens; the type of collection technique used was unknown for 12 (34%). The urine pH was less than or equal to 6 in 24 (68%) specimens, and the specific gravity was greater than 1.020 in 12 specimens (34%). A total of 24 specimens grew only Streptococcus pneumoniae, and 11 yielded mixed growth. All 31 patients were men, 25 (81%) were 60 years or older, and 13 (42%) had underlying genitourinary disorders. A total of 7 patients had genitourinary symptoms, 7 had fever, 5 had leukocytosis, and 12 had pyuria; however, these symptoms and signs were frequently accounted for by factors other than pneumococcosuria. Pneumococcosuria was an unexpected finding in all but two (6%) bacteremic patients. These were the only patients with systemic pneumococcal infections, and both died despite appropriate antibiotics. Among the 20 surviving patients with follow-up urine samples, pneumococcosuria resolved whether or not they had received antibiotics. Thus, pneumococcosuria in our patient population was frequently not accompanied by systemic pneumococcal infection and by itself did not require antibiotic therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Significance of urinary isolates of coagulase-negative Micrococcaceae.

Of 16,347 urine cultures submitted to the hospital laboratory, 68 (0.4%) specimens from 50 patients yielded greater than 10(4) coagulase-negative staphylococci/ml in pure culture. A total of 62 of 63 organisms available for study were staphylococci: 45 Staphylococcus epidermidis (predominantly subgroup 1), 15 Staphylococcus saprophyticus (subgroup 3), and 2 Staphylococcus aureus. Twenty-one patients had "probable" urine infections. Eight patients had two or more positive urine cultures, and all isolates from the same patients were identical (by morphology, antibiotic susceptibility, and hemolytic pattern). Nine (75%) of the 12 isolates of S. saprophyticus, which were novobiocin resistant and nonhemolytic on the synergistic hemolysis test, were from patients with probable urinary infection. Eight were young women with acute symptoms and pyuria. Differences in the glucose and mannitol fermentation tests with different media may lead to difficulties in identification. Novobiocin resistance cannot be relied upon to differentiate isolates of S. saprophyticus from S. epidermidis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Is urine leukocyte esterase test a useful screening method to predict Chlamydia trachomatis infection in women?

We evaluated the use of the leukocyte esterase test (LET) on first-catch urine specimens from women as a screening test to predict infection with Chlamydia trachomatis. For diagnosis, we used Abbott's ligase chain reaction (LCR) on urine specimens and isolation by tissue culture (TC) on cervical brushes. Of 4,053 women attending sexually transmitted disease and family planning clinics, 4.3% (n = 174) were positive by TC and 5.9% (n = 239) were positive by LCR. When LET was compared to TC, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were 54.0, 67.0, 6.8, and 97.0%, respectively. The corresponding performance of LET versus LCR was 53.1, 67.3, 10.1, and 95.8%. Almost half of the laboratory-confirmed chlamydial infections were negative by LET. The low specificity probably reflects multiple causes of pyuria in women and results in a low positive predictive value. LET is neither sensitive nor specific as a predictor of chlamydial infection and cannot be recommended for use as a screening test for C. trachomatis with first-catch urine samples from females from low- or moderate-prevalence populations.

Chlamydia Infections↗
PubMed1999

Chronic urinary tract infection due to Candida utilis.

An elderly male was seen at an outpatient urology clinic over a period of 3 years with repeat urine specimens containing 10(4) to 10(5) CFU of a "Candida species, not C. albicans." The urine specimens were described as infected due to the presence of pyuria, but no antifungal therapy was administered. On two occasions, the patient presented to the emergency room and urine specimens were sent to the clinical microbiology laboratory. On both occasions, a yeast was isolated at concentrations of >10(5) CFU/ml. The organism was identified as the anamorphic yeast Candida utilis (teleomorph: Pichia jadinii) by conventional methods. Molecular methods, including karyotyping and restriction enzyme analysis, confirmed that the isolates were identical and were C. utilis. The patient developed benign prostatic hypertrophy and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease during the 3-year course. This report is the first demonstration of the isolation of the industrially important yeast C. utilis from a urinary tract infection. In the present case, the organism was associated with chronic, symptomatic disease. The significance of this unusual, low-virulence isolate from a case of urinary tract infection is discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1978

Serological typing of Ureaplasma urealyticum isolates from urethritis patients by an agar growth inhibition method.

An agar growth inhibition method for serotyping Ureaplasma urealyticum is described, and the results of applying this method to serotyping 338 strains of the organism are presented. The serotyped strains consisted of cloned isolates from male patients with primary and recurrent nongonococcal urethritis (NGU), isolates from symptomatic patients with other genitourinary tract infections and disorders, and isolates from asymptomatic carriers of U. urealyticum in the genitourinary tract (controls). Among 122 male patients with NGU, serotype 4 was associated most frequently (52%) with this disease at Camp Lejeune, N.C. Seventeen percent of the isolates were type 2. The remaining isolates consisted of types 1, 3, 6, and 8 and accounted for 6 to 9% each of the serotypes isolated from the NGU group. Types 5 and 7 were not isolated. Among 91 symptomatic patients with other genitourinary tract infections and disorders, U. urealyticum type 4 also was associated most frequently (37%) with these disorders. The remaining isolates, represented by types 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, and 8, accounted for 9 to 15% each of the types isolated from this group. Type 5 was not isolated. Among 125 symptomfree carriers of U. urealyticum in the genitourinary tract, type 8 was recovered most frequently (30%), whereas type 4 was isolated next most frequently (24%). The remaining isolates consisted of types 1, 2, 3, 5, and 6 and accounted for 2 to 15% each in this asymptomatic control group. Type 7 was not isolated. Of the present eight serotypes of U. urealyticum studied in this investigation, type 4 was associated most frequently with disease (NGU) and certain other disorders of the genitourinary tract at Camp Lejeune. A previously unknown association of U. urealyticum with frequently abacteriuric, unexplained pyuria (with or without urethral pruritus and dysuria) is reported, suggesting the existence of asymptomatic Ureaplasma urethritis.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Vulvovaginitis: causes and management.

Over a period of 33 months in a paediatric accident and emergency department, the clinical pattern and possible causes of vulvovaginitis were studied prospectively in 200 girls presenting with genital discharge, irritation, pain, or redness. The major causes were poor hygiene and threadworms. The suspicion of sexual abuse arose in a few girls but no organisms of sexually transmitted disease were found. Urinary symptoms were common but only 20 patients had a significant bacteriuria and 40 had sterile pyuria. Specific skin problems occurred in 28 cases. Simple measures to improve hygiene and treatment of threadworms gave effective relief. Genital irritation caused urinary symptoms with no clinical evidence of infection, and it is advised that antibiotic treatment should await urine culture. Specific skin problems require help from a dermatologist. The possibility of sexual abuse must be considered especially if the vulvovaginitis is persistent or recurrent after adequate treatment.

Adolescent↗