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At least 739 records · Page 41Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

The USDA Forest Service pesticide spray behavior and application development program--an overview.

The USDA Forest Service, even though a minor user of pesticides, has maintained an active program for understanding the performance, atomization, evaporation, efficacy, environmental fate, atmospheric dispersion, and environmental impact of chemical and biological insecticides. Since its self-imposed ban on use of dichloro diphenyl trichloroethane (DDT) in 1964, the USDA Forest Service has pursued insecticides that are less persistent and have reduced potential for impact on nontarget organisms, application technology that supports their efficient and efficacious use, and computer models that predict insecticide fate in the environment. This program has been active over the last 3 decades, beginning with research for chemical insecticide substitutes for DDT, progressing in time to biological insecticides and other biorational control agents. In our effort to make the less persistent insecticides work under forestry conditions, it was necessary to investigate insecticide monitoring, detection, and sampling methods; application systems; atmospheric influences; tank mixes and adjuvants; nozzles and atomization; evaporation; spray deposition and canopy penetration; biological response; and environmental fate. This paper reviews some of this work that might be applicable to mosquito control.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

[Evaluation of activities and effectiveness of an asthmatic child program developed in primary care].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate activities and effectiveness of a programme of attention to asthmatic child, defined by a proper diagnostic process and therapeutic intervention, by the gain of educational goals and by reduction of number of asthma attacks. DESIGN: A before-after study SETTING: Primary care PARTICIPANTS: The first 81 children attracted to the programme. Aged 5 to 13. INTERVENTION: Each child was periodically revised (mean time of monitoring 11 months and 24 days: interval 7-17 months). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Intervention obtained significative results (p < 0.0001) in: lung function study and allergens detection, use of inhalatory way and peak flow meter. Asthma attacks were reduced (p < 0.0001): before 216, mean 2.66, SD 1.85, range 0-8; and after 117, mean 1.44, SD 1.27, range 0-5. CONCLUSIONS: 1. A systematic and organized intervention from Primary Care results effective to improve quality of life in asthmatic child (better diagnostic, more abilities, less asthma attacks). 2. It must be stated new strategies for reduction of smoking at home of these children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Interpersonal trauma and animal-related experiences in female and male military veterans: implications for program development.

Exposure to trauma is more frequent than was previously recognized. The prevalence and impact of trauma events, including trauma involving animals, was assessed in age-matched male and female veterans. High rates of exposure to at least one trauma event were reported by males (95%) and females (97%). Females were more likely to report sexual and physical abuse by a significant other. Both genders experienced higher trauma rates in the military than in civilian settings. A survey of animal-related experiences showed similar rates of losing a special pet, being frightened or hurt by an animal, witnessing or perpetrating violence toward animals, and having sexual interactions with animals. Almost one-third of the veterans showed evidence of post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms, highlighting the potential benefit of trauma screening to identify veterans in need of further evaluation and treatment.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Developing clinical program guidelines for subacute care.

Providers of subacute care are now faced with the reality of demonstrating their claims that they offer cost-effective programs. Developing internal standards or guidelines from an organizational and clinical perspective can help to assure and validate quality service delivery.

Cost-Benefit Analysis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Getting off to a good start: faculty development in professional programs.

Developing and retaining faculty in professional programs presents some unique challenges. This article describes an approach to faculty development designed to meet the needs of new faculty members in nursing and other professional programs. The basic premise is that a reflective approach to teaching and scholarship serves the twin goal of promoting development and helping the faculty member prepare for various reviews. Recommendations for developing a philosophy of teaching and a scholarship plan are presented.

Education, Nursing, Continuing↗
PubMed2001

A new integrated program for natural product development and the value of an ethnomedical approach.

There is a need for less expensive alternative therapies, especially in the treatment of chronic illnesses. This presentation addresses the issues inherent in the use of natural products in a drug-discovery or development program and reviews a model program developed by the U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH) and administered by the Fogarty International Center at the NIH. Eighty percent (80%) of the world's population relies on medicinal plants for their primary health care. The World Health Organization has been promoting traditional medicine as a source of less expensive, comprehensive medical care, especially in developing countries. Natural products have also been successful in drug development. Over 50% of the best-selling pharmaceuticals in use today are derived from natural products. In a natural-product drug development program, it is the diversity of the natural products that is especially interesting. Thanks to technologic advances, now is a good time to be looking for new drugs in the natural-product arena. But there are major hurdles to overcome in a natural-products development program, namely, time-to-lead, supply, and ownership. Time-to-lead is complex because most natural products are mixtures or crude extracts. It can be very difficult to isolate the active principles and elucidate their structures. The difficulty of obtaining sufficient supply is often given as a reason for not becoming involved in natural-product drug development or discovery. This presentation details some ways these seeming hurdles can be overcome. The concept of ownership has changed dramatically in recent years. Until recently, genetic resources were considered to belong to no one and to therefore be the heritage of everyone. The United Nations Convention on Biodiversity and the meetings in Rio de Janeiro in 1992, redefined biodiversity ownership. Genetic biodiversity has a potential value and belongs to the country of origin. The International Conservation of Biodiversity Groups (ICBGs) was founded in 1992 to address such issues. This presentation discusses the importance of integrating efforts in conservation, economic development, and drug development into one program. The presentation details a collaboration that includes an ICBG based at the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research and its four partner organizations and discusses the associated programs the collaboration has underway.

Bioethics↗
PubMed1994

A program to develop residents as teachers.

Residents are recognized as important and influential teachers of medical students. Although they are expected to teach and evaluate students, few residents have been taught how, and most would like to receive training to develop and improve their skills as teachers. We developed a "Residents as Teachers" retreat based on our faculty development program for clinical preceptors. We focused on clinical precepting skills, including evaluation/feedback, and the ability to prepare and deliver a brief presentation. The program increased knowledge and skills and improved attitudes about teaching, as reflected in self-reports, observed performance, and medical student ratings. The retreat also provided a valuable social experience for residents. The program has been considered beneficial by residents, program faculty members, medical students, the student clerkship director, and the residents' primary care preceptors. The retreats form the centerpiece of our curriculum for residents as teachers and have become an annual tradition in the residency program.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed2003

Computer-assisted learning for teaching anatomy and physiology in subjects allied to medicine.

Computer-assisted learning (CAL) may provide an effective supplement to conventional methods of teaching, particularly in subjects such as anatomy and physiology. CAL provides the student with an important additional resource and facilitates alternative modes of learning that are well suited to the requirements of students in subjects allied to medicine. A brief survey is presented which examines those studies that have investigated the utility of CAL for teaching anatomy and physiology within subjects allied to medicine.

Allied Health Personnel↗
PubMed1993

Developing and maintaining of hemophilia programs in developing countries.

There are elements key to the success of developing and maintaining hemophilia programs in developing countries. Health care providers who are dedicated champions of hemophilia care are essential. Their training through the WFH International Hemophilia Training Centers brings them in contact with modern comprehensive care as well as establishes collegial linkages with treaters in developed centers. Affordable, safe, viral free coagulation products are essential for an effective hemophilia program. Developing essential for an effective hemophilia program. Developing countries may have to use intermediate purity products because of economic considerations, but technologies must be used which reduce the risk of viral contamination. Successful programs also result from linking to hemophilia programs with national health care initiatives. Hemophilia health care must be recognized as a priority within the developing country's health care system.

Developing Countries↗