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Attitudes of dental practitioners toward practice management instruction in dental school: a preliminary study of dentists in Kentucky.

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Adult↗

PubMed1999

Changing pain management practice and impacting on patient outcomes.

Concerns about acute pain management prompted the development of a pain management program. The program, with assessment, intervention, and evaluation components, was introduced by the clinical nurse specialist (CNS) in collaboration with a multidisciplinary team. The assessment phase included a descriptive study of postoperative pain and a baseline audit of nursing documentation related to pain assessment and management. Interventions, including a focused educational program and new routes for postoperative analgesia, were then introduced. Evaluations at 3 months and 2 years indicated improvements in documentation of pain assessments and improved management of pain. Additionally, at each follow-up evaluation, patients reported decreased postoperative pain. The assessment and management of pain is an important domain of nursing practice. The CNS is in a unique position to influence nursing practice and to impact on patient outcomes in this area of pain management.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1997

A critical appraisal of current management practices for infant regurgitation--recommendations of a working party.

Regurgitation is a common manifestation in infants below the age of 1 year and a frequent reason of counselling of general practitioners and paediatricians. Current management starts with postural and dietary measures, followed by antacids and prokinetics. Recent issues such as an increased risk of sudden infant death in the prone sleeping position and persistent occult gastro-oesophageal reflux in a subset of infants receiving milk thickeners or thickened "anti-regurgitation formula" challenge the established approach. Therefore, the clinical practices for management of infant regurgitation have been critically evaluated with respect to their efficacy, safety and practical implications. The updated recommendations reached by the working party on the management of infant regurgitation contain five phases: (1 A) parental reassurance; (1 B) milk-thickening agents; (2) prokinetics; (3) positional therapy as an adjuvant therapy; (4 A) H2-blockers; (4 B) proton pump inhibitors; (5) surgery.

Antacids↗

PubMed2004

Correlates of body mass index, weight goals, and weight-management practices among adolescents.

The study examined associations among physical activity, cigarette smoking, body mass index, perceptions of body weight, weight-management goals, and weight-management behaviors of public high school adolescents. The CDC Youth Risk Behavior Survey provided a cross-sectional sample (n = 3,089) of public high school students in South Carolina. Logistic regression models were constructed separately for four race-gender groups. Adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated to determine the magnitude of associations. Based on self-reported height and weight, 13% of students were overweight, while 15% were at risk for becoming overweight. However, 42% of students were trying to lose weight, and 22% were trying to maintain current weight. Female students were less likely than male students to be overweight, but more likely to be attempting to lose weight. Extreme weight control practices were reported by 27% of the sample. Among Black females trying to lose weight, positive associations were observed for strengthening exercises (OR = 1.55), but that relationship was associated inversely in Black males (OR = .600). Among White females, attempted weight loss was associated with strengthening exercises (OR = 1.72) and cigarette smoking (OR = 1.54). For White males, attempted weight loss was associated positively with vigorous exercise (OR = 1.41) and inversely related to moderate exercise (OR = .617). Effective weight-management practices for adolescents should focus on appropriate eating behaviors, physical activity, and low-fat/calorie diets. Multicomponent weight management interventions should be conducted within a coordinated school health framework.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2004