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PubMed2002

Immunological responses of dogs experimentally infected with Dirofilaria immitis.

Three dogs were experimentally infected with Dirofilaria immitis. All dogs were euthanised at 30, 36 and 37 weeks after inoculation of D. immitis for the recovery of adult worms. Three cases accounted to 42.91 % recovery of inoculated worms. Serum samples from dogs experimentally inoculated with D. immitis were analyzed by ELISA and immunoblotting methods. Antibody titers of dogs detected by ELISA peaked between 7 and 14 weeks then decreased between weeks 15 to 24 followed by another increase during weeks 25 to 30 and persisted throughout the remainder of the experiment period. Analysis of adult D. immitis protein stained with Coomassie brilliant blue R-250 indicated separately more than 10 bands, and the major bands were 22, 40, 46, 56, 70, 72 and 89 kDa. Antigenic identification of extracts antigens of adults D. immitis by immunoblotting analysis revealed several bands from pooled sera of patent infection (30 weeks after inoculation). The detected bands were 24, 70, 80 and 110 kDa, 22, 72 and 84 kDa, and 58 and 72 kDa in dogs 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Results of antibody titers reached high levels on the 4th molting stage after inoculation of infective larva (L3), and reinforced previous findings that high molecular weight regions are detected in young animals.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

[Diagnostic and prognostic clinical immunological criteria for evaluating the course of the posttraumatic period in patients with open mandibular fractures].

A total of 136 patients with open mandibular fractures were examined, 53 of these at risk of inflammatory complications in the posttraumatic period. Analysis of the wound cytology, hematological changes, local and system immunity reactions suggest that phagocytosis dysfunction, imbalance of local immunity factors (primarily production, complex formation, and secretion of serum IgA) are significant factors in the development of posttraumatic immune deficiency. Statistical analysis showed clear-cut correlation between local immunity parameters (serum IgA, salivary IgG, levels of circulating immune complexes and medium-weight molecules in the saliva) and hematological values (leukocyte and lymphocyte counts, leukocytic intoxication index, and Rietes coefficient), which confirmed the reliability of prediction of inflammatory complications and necessity of immunocorrection in this patient population.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Psychological aspects in orthognathic surgery. Body image and quality of life in postsurgical assessment. Body image and quality of life in postsurgical assessment.

AIM: The aim of this study is to evaluate the psychological assessment of 20 patients after orthognathic surgery. Body image, anxiety levels, depression, somatic symptoms, aggressiveness and quality of life have been evaluated using 3 different questionnaires (BDDE, SQ, Q-LES-Q) during the postsurgical period. Analysis of the questionnaire has shown that the patients undergo orthognathic surgery mainly for esthetical reasons and, even if they could be considered normal, psychological evaluation followed by a proper support is a must. The present study has mainly developed and outlined this aspect. METHODS: BDDE has been utilised to evaluate body image, self-estimation and social relationship. It was evident that the psychological impact after surgery represents a "revolution" for the patient. The "new face" may generate psychological problems for the patients. The SQ test has been used to evaluate the emotional profile. We also considered it essential for our study to evaluate several aspects of the quality of life of our sample group. The body image, particularly when others find it pleasing or displeasing may affect everyday life behaviour. RESULTS: The study reports positive results in the psycho-emotional profiles and in several aspects of the quality of life, while the results of the self-perception of the body image could be considered average. CONCLUSION: Reported data show that the corrections following orthognathic surgery have a positive impact on the assessment of the patients and on the personal and social attitude and behaviour, however suggesting, a long term psychological support to assure a satisfactory postoperative recovery.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Evaluating the completeness of demographic surveillance of children less than five years old in western Kenya: a capture-recapture approach.

We evaluated the completeness and differential ascertainment of vital events in children less than five years old registered in two rounds of a demographic surveillance system (DSS) in western Kenya using a two-sample capture-recapture. The primary lists consisted of births and child deaths identified by two rounds of the DSS conducted in October 2000 and August 2001. The secondary lists consisted of births and child deaths identified independently from two surveys of 5,000 randomly selected households conducted immediately after each DSS round, covering the same population over the same time period. Analysis of the overlap between lists yielded the following sensitivities for the two DSS rounds: 62% and 49%, respectively, for identifying neonatal deaths (<1 month); 72% and 78%, respectively, for post-neonatal child deaths (1-59 months); and 88% and 78%, respectively, for identifying newborns. Female deaths were less likely to be reported than male deaths. The primary limitation of using capture-recapture in this setting was difficulty in matching between lists due to inconsistent dates of birth and death and variability in spelling of names. Assuming limitations of current methods are sufficiently addressed, capture-recapture appears to be a useful tool in evaluating DSS completeness and differential ascertainment of vital events.

Birth Rate↗
PubMed1992

A pilot survey of client opinion of the Lothian Community Drug Problem Service: likes, dislikes, efficacy and improvements.

An open ended unstructured questionnaire was used to find out the opinion of clients of the Community Drug Problem Service of Lothian Health Board, concerning how the service had helped them and for suggestions for improvement. A total of 63 questionnaires were returned over a six month period. Analysis showed that 77% of respondents valued counselling services but 26% complained of too low oral substitute drug dosage. Improvement in personal development, stabilised drug use, less criminality and stopping injecting were reported as being the main benefits. A more detailed self reporting questionnaire will be developed from this pilot study to answer some of the questions raised and for use as a routine part of ongoing service monitoring and evaluation.

Community Health Services↗
PubMed2004

The effects of manuka honey on plaque and gingivitis: a pilot study.

UNLABELLED: Research has shown that manuka honey has superior antimicrobial properties that can be used with success in the treatment of wound healing, peptic ulcers and bacterial gastro-enteritis. Studies have already shown that manuka honey with a high antibacterial activity is likely to be non-cariogenic. The current pilot study investigated whether or not manuka honey with an antibacterial activity rated UMF 15 could be used to reduce dental plaque and clinical levels of gingivitis. A chewable "honey leather" was produced for this trial. Thirty volunteers were randomly allocated to chew or suck either the manuka honey product, or sugarless chewing gum, for 10 minutes, three times a day, after each meal. Plaque and gingival bleeding scores were recorded before and after the 21-day trial period. Analysis of the results indicated that there were statistically highly significant reductions in the mean plaque scores (0.99 reduced to 0.65; p=0.001), and the percentage of bleeding sites (48% reduced to 17%; p=0.001), in the manuka honey group, with no significant changes in the control group. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that there may be a potential therapeutic role for manuka honey confectionery in the treatment of gingivitis and periodontal disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Cytomegalovirus reactivation during alemtuzumab therapy for chronic lymphocytic leukemia: incidence and treatment with oral ganciclovir.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Although alemtuzumab (campath-1H) has been successfully used in patients with untreated or previously treated chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), a variable incidence of cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation has been described. No prospective reports currently provide results of the use of oral ganciclovir as pre-emptive therapy in patients with CMV reactivation during alemtuzumab treatment. DESIGN AND METHODS: We designed a prospective study in 12 patients with pretreated CLL with the aim of evaluating the incidence of CMV reactivation during alemtuzumab treatment and the role of oral ganciclovir as pre-emptive therapy and in preventing CMV organ disease. RESULTS: In the 12 CLL patients being treated with alemtuzumab, 8 patients (66%) had CMV reactivation, as detected by antigenemia and/or CMV DNA. No patient showed clinical evidence of CMV disease. The alemtuzumab was discontinued and the patients were immediately treated with oral ganciclovir 1000 mg tid. After a median of 14 days of antiviral therapy all patients achieved negative CMV polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays and/or antigenemia. No patients showed further CMV reactivation up to the end of the study. INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS: CMV reactivaction, studied with periodic analysis of antigenemia and PCR, is frequent in previously treated CLL patients receiving alemtuzumab therapy although only sporadic cases of CMV disease have been reported. Using oral ganciclovir, the response to therapy was prompt, there was no progression to CMV disease, and no relevant clinical toxicity, thus sparing unnecessary hospitalization. Oral ganciclovir may be used as pre-emptive therapy in all patients who develop CMV reactivation during alemtuzumab treatment.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2004

The Jordanian cesarean section rate.

OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to determine the Jordanian cesarean rate and to examine the related indications for cesarean section (CS) in comparison with international rates. METHODS: Between 1990 to 2001, there were 243271 deliveries at 7 major military hospitals, (King Hussein Medical Center; Queen Alia Hospital, Amman; Prince Hashem Ben Al-Hussein Hospital, Al-Zarqa; Prince Ali Ben Al-Hussein Hospital, Al-Karaq; Prince Zaid Ben Al-Hussein, Al-Tafileh; Prince Rashid Ben Al-Hassan, Irbid; Princess Haya Al-Hussein, Aqaba) that reflect the main cities in Jordan, of which 22621 CS were performed. Two periods for the study were taken, the first from January 1990 to December 1992 and the second from January 1999 to December 2001 to examine the changes in the rate and indications for CS. Cesarean deliveries were classified according to 5 indications: breech presentation, dystocia, repeat cesareans, fetal distress and "others". Comparison by indication between the 2 periods and with the United States of America (USA) studies was discussed. Significance of differences was assessed using Chi-Square test. RESULTS: Out of 48280 deliveries performed during the first period, 3854 CS were performed with an incidence of 8%, while 8353 CS were performed during the second period out of 76611 deliveries with an incidence of 10.9%. This difference in rate showed 2.9 per hundred deliveries increase in the cesarean rate between the 2 periods. Comparison between the 2 periods showed no significant change in CS rate for breech category (p=0.158). A highly significant increase was found for fetal distress category (p=0.000), while dystocia and repeat CS showed a high significant decrease in CS rate (p=0.000) in the second study period. Analysis of the Jordanian CS rate and related indications for the operation compared with USA reports showed a high significant increase in Jordanian cesarean rate for breech, fetal distress and "other" categories (p=0.000), while a high significant decrease for dystocia and repeat cesarean was found (p=0.000). CONCLUSION: The lower cesarean rate in Jordan is attributed to lower frequencies of CS for dystocia, due to more accuracy in estimation of the fetal body weight, and with proper use of oxytocin dosage, which can correct malrotation of vertex leading to subsequent reduction in CS rate for dystocia. Policies, such as: active management of labor, trial of scar, maintenance of the skills required to supervise vaginal delivery when there is a breech presentation and better definition of the deliveries in which fetal monitoring will be useful in the diagnosis of fetal distress; all will achieve acceptable cesarean rate.

Cesarean Section↗
PubMed2005

Looking for poppa: parenting status of men versus women seeking drug abuse treatment.

This survey of individuals seeking methadone maintenance treatment was pursued to document the parenting status of drug-dependent men and clarify ways their status as parents differs from that of drug-dependent women. Data concerning demographic characteristics, drug abuse history, and parenting status were systematically coded from the medical records of 362 men and 162 women seeking methadone maintenance treatment during a 12-month period. Analysis of parenting status by gender indicated that, although a greater proportion of women were the parent of at least one biological child, there were actually more fathers than mothers within the cohort. Among the parents, fathers were more likely to have been abusing opioids when they first became a parent, and they were more likely to be living away from their children. There were no significant gender differences in the number of children or the average age of children. The results suggested that fathering may be an important, but largely neglected, treatment issue for drug-abusing men.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Physico-chemical indices of breeding sites of Simulium damnosum in the lower Cross River Basin, Nigeria.

To determine the factor influencing the abundance development and distribution of Simulium damnosum (S.I) immature stages in the lower Cross River Basin, Nigeria, the physico-chemical characteristics of water at breeding sites were analysed longitudinally over a 12 month period. Analysis of the water samples showed that water current correlated positively and significantly (p < 0.05), with dissolved oxygen (r = 0.95 vs 0.10); conductivity (r = 0.95 vs 0.81); hydrogen ion concentration (r = 0.03 vs 0.46); and biochemical oxygen demand (r = 0.80 vs 0.64); from Agbokim Waterfalls and Afi River respectively. The result indicates that these parameters and low ionic concentration are the most essential requirement for the development of S. damnosum pre-imaginal stages. Amplitudes of annual variability as measured by co-efficient of variation varied between the parameters. From the trends in hydrological variables it was deduced that the integrated impact of precipitation, input of surface runoff and municipal effluents played an overriding role in determining the absolute levels and temporal pattern in the water quality attributes. Of the 3578 pre-imaginal stages of S. damnosum collected, 52.52% and 47.4% were collected from Agbokim Waterfall and Afi River respectively. There was a significant difference (p < 0.05) in the number of pre-imaginal stages collected from both sites. The highest number of pre-imaginal stages of S. damnosum collected were at the peak of rain (July-September) indicating that S. damnosum in the River Basin is a wet season breeder. The need for long term laboratory colonization of blackfly immature stages becomes imperative especially how these parameters could be exploited in control programme through the testing of larvicides without adverse ecological damage to the aquatic habitat.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Assessing SCHIP effects using household survey data: promises and pitfalls.

OBJECTIVES: To describe how household surveys can be used to assess the effects of the new State Children's Health insurance Program (SCHIP) , review methodologic issues associated with household survey data, and propose solutions for dealing with these issues. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: To estimate the effect of SCHIP, analysis must explicitly recognize and control for the fact that other factors that could affect the outcomes of interest besides the new program will change over the analysis period. In assessing SCHIP's effect, SCHIP-eligible children must be identified using a detailed simulation model. Analyses that use either a simple eligibility model or only examine children with incomes between 100 and 200 percent of poverty will not accurately identify SCHIP-eligible children. Under these circumstances estimates of the effect of SCHIP will be biased downward. In addition analyses must rely on the same survey in the pre- and post- SCHIP periods to obtain reliable estimates. Moreover, the survey must attempt to obtain data on separate SCHIP programs, and analysts must consider the implications of the possible increasing underreporting of public health insurance coverage. Finally, analysts should be cautious about evaluating SCHIP's success before the program is mature. CONCLUSION: While evaluating SCHIP using household surveys has some challenges, if conducted carefully such analyses will provide important in formation on the effect of the SCHIP program that can not be obtained elsewhere.

Child↗
PubMed2005

[A preliminary clinical study on absorbable screws].

To evaluate the application of self-reinforced ploy-DL-lactide (SR-PDLLA) absorbable screws in the treatment of spongy bone and intra-articular fractures, the internal fixation with SR-PDLLA absorbable screw was performed on 58 cases,of which 25 were medial malleolus fractures, 14 condyle of humerus fractures, 9 tibial plateau fractures, 7 ulnar olecranon fractures, and 3 lateral malleolus fractures. Observations were made on the orthopaedic operation sites and overall conditions frequently and radiography was performed for periodic analysis. The results showed that SR-PDLLA absorbable screws were particularly effective and reliable, they had good biocompatibility in the treatment of spongy bone and intra-articular fractures and could be used safely in clinical practice.

Absorbable Implants↗
PubMed2005

[Chemical structure of fructosan from Condonopsis pilosula].

OBJECTIVE: To study the polysaccharide of Condonopsis pilosula. METHOD: The polysaccharide, CPP-1, was purified by DE-52 cellulose and Sephadex G-200 gel column chromatography. Purity and molecular weight of the polysaccharide were determined by gel permeation chromatography. Methylation analysis, periodate oxidation and degradation, IR, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR methods were adopted to elucidate the chemical structure. RESULT: The molecular weight of CPP-1 was estimated to be 7.5 x 10(4), and the structure of CPP-1 was a beta-(2 --> 1) linked beta-D-fructosan. CONCLUSION: CPP-1 was a neutral homosaccharide.

Codonopsis↗
PubMed1992

[Etiologic course of heart valve diseases surgically treated during 20 years in France].

The aim of this study was to analyse the evolution of the aetiologies of operated valvular heart disease over a 20 year period and to assess the consequences. Two thousand five hundred and ninety eight patients who underwent conservative surgery or valve replacement were included. This population was classified according to the date of surgery into 4 groups, each corresponding to a 5 year period. Analysis of these results, especially in the groups operated between 1970 and 1974 and between 1985 and 1989 shows: 1) a change in aetiology: decreased incidence of rheumatic valvular disease (36 versus 61%) and an increased incidence of degenerative lesions (43 versus 23%) (p less than 0.0001); 2) a change in the valvular lesions operated, aortic stenosis has become the commonest operated condition (43 versus 27%) (less than 0.001); 3) an increased age (59 +/- 14 versus 49 +/- 13 years, p less than 0.0001) with a higher proportion of patients over 70 years of age (22 versus 1%, p less than 0.001); 4) a higher incidence of mixed coronary and valvular surgery (11 versus 2%, p less than 0.001).

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Scope of practice comparison: a tool for curriculum decision making.

The proportion of claims filed for specific dental procedures (ADA codes # 05110, 05120, 03320, 03330, 04260, 02150) between January 1, 2000 and June 30, 2004 by Texas general practitioners participating in a preferred provider network was compared to the proportion of these procedures performed by students graduating from the three Texas dental schools during the same period. Analysis of the data revealed that Texas dental students provide class two amalgam restorations in permanent teeth (02150) at approximately the same frequency as Texas general practitioners. Both groups provide periodontal osseous surgery (04260) at an extremely low frequency (<0.02% of total procedures). Bicuspid endodontic procedures (03320) were performed at a slightly higher frequency by students (0.43% of all procedures) than by general practitioners (0.36% of all procedures), and molar endodontic procedures (03330) were performed at a slightly higher frequency by general practitioners (0.65%) than by students (0.36%). Significant discrepancies between the groups were noted for the two complete denture procedures (05110, 05120). Students provided these procedures at frequencies fifteen times (05110) and twenty-five times (05120) greater than general practitioners. Dental schools should use data provided by scope of practice analyses to help determine an appropriate breadth and depth for their educational programs.

American Dental Association↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Clinical results with the Biocor porcine bioprosthesis.

In order to evaluate our clinical results with the use of the Biocor prosthesis, a total of 1,101 patients were studied. Follow-up was from 1 to 96 months (mean 48); cumulative follow-up in the aortic group (385 patients) was 1,230 patient years and in the mitral group (716 patients) 3,018 patient years. Mitral patients had 102 late complications (14.24%), and aortic patients had 51 (13.2%). A total of 220 patients were under 20 years of age (176 mitral, 44 aortic). Intrinsic valve failure in this subgroup was found in 43% of mitral patients and 29% of aortic patients. Prosthetic endocarditis was more frequent in the aortic group (45%) than in the mitral group (29.9%). Sixty-two patients were reoperated, with a hospital mortality of 12.6%. Reoperation was more frequent in the mitral group and in patients under 20 years of age. The actuarial curve free mortality related to the bioprosthesis was 97.1% (32 patients). At the 8-year follow-up, 96.9% of the aortic versus 95.2% of the mitral group were free of valve dysfunction, and the majority were in Classes I or II of the New York Heart Association (NYHA) classification. The incidence of reoperation, although significant, is acceptable, especially since the bioprosthesis offers a safer alternative than mechanical prostheses followed for similar periods. Analysis of our results suggests the need for continued research for an ideal bioprosthesis.

Actuarial Analysis↗
PubMed1991

[A follow-up study of HBV infection in a village of Beijing rural area].

From 1982 to 1988, a follow-up study on HBV infection was carried out in a village of Beijing rural area. The negative conversion rates of HBsAg; anti-HBs; anti-HBc were 2.9%; 2.1%; 1.2% per year respectively. It was seemed that the negative conversion of HBsAg; anti-HBs increased with age. The present of anti-HBc was favorable to keeping anti-HBs. For all of the three markers, the higher the titre, the lower the negative conversion rates. It was concluded that the essential factor influencing the natural outcome of HBV markers was the level of HBV duplication. Those who were susceptible to HBV in 1982 were infected at the rate of 20.3% in this period. Analysis indicated that source of the Infection perhaps seems not to be in their family.

Biomarkers↗