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Results for “Paranoid Behavior”

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PubMed1985

Biopsychosocial characteristics of children who later murder: a prospective study.

The authors document the childhood neuropsychiatric and family characteristics of nine male subjects who were clinically evaluated as adolescents and were later arrested for murder. Those subjects are compared with 24 incarcerated delinquents who did not go on to commit violent offenses. The future murderers displayed a constellation of biopsychosocial characteristics that included psychotic symptoms, major neurological impairment, a psychotic first-degree relative, violent acts during childhood, and severe physical abuse. The authors relate this combination of factors to prediction of violence and discuss ethical issues that are involved in intervention to prevent violence.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Internal-external expectancy, maladjustment and psychotherapeutic intervention.

This paper reviewed research on the relationship between internal-external expectancy, maladjustment and psychotherapeutic intervention. The implications drawn from the studies reviewed were: (a) externality is related to poor psychological adjustment and (b) psychotherapy can be effectively utilized to modify expectancy.

Anxiety↗
PubMed1979

Schizophrenic thought disorders: bizarre associations and intermingling.

The authors assessed bizarre verbalizations elicited from 37 schizophrenic and 16 nonschizophrenic patients. Interviews with subjects indicated that much bizarre schizophrenic language results from patients intermingling material from past and current experiences into their verbalizations. This intermingled material comes from many different problem areas rather than one central emotional complex. It does not arise from emotional overresponsiveness, overinvolved thinking, or delusional ideation. Two factors hypothesized as responsible for bizarre schizophrenic language are the schizophrenic's monitoring problems and difficulty maintaining perspective about his own behavior.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Two cases of "cannabis acute psychosis" following the administration of oral cannabis.

BACKGROUND: Cannabis is the most commonly used illegal drug and its therapeutic aspects have a growing interest. Short-term psychotic reactions have been described but not clearly with synthetic oral THC, especially in occasional users. CASE PRESENTATIONS: We report two cases of healthy subjects who were occasional but regular cannabis users without psychiatric history who developed transient psychotic symptoms (depersonalization, paranoid feelings and derealisation) following oral administration of cannabis. In contrast to most other case reports where circumstances and blood concentrations are unknown, the two cases reported here happened under experimental conditions with all subjects negative for cannabis, opiates, amphetamines, cocaine, benzodiazepines and alcohol, and therefore the ingested dose, the time-events of effects on behavior and performance as well as the cannabinoid blood levels were documented. CONCLUSION: While the oral route of administration achieves only limited blood concentrations, significant psychotic reactions may occur.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1976

Erythrocyte ITP pyrophosphohydrolase deficiency in a psychiatric population.

A higher incidence of erythrocyte ITP pyrophosphohydrolase deficiency was found among a psychiatric population when compared to a nonpsychiatric group of subjects. Although the incidence was highest among schizophrenics, particularly those diagnosed as paranoid, the majority of the patients did not show such deficiency. The parallelisms between ITP pyrophosphohydrolase and hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase deficiencies, both characterized by the lack of availability of IMP, and correlated to behavioral disorders, suggest that irregularities of hypoxanthine nucleotides may be implicated in abnormal mental processes.

Erythrocytes↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Incidence and importance of "non-cognitive" symptoms in dementia of the Alzheimer type: productive psychotic symptoms, depressive disorders and behavioral disorders].

A semi-structured interview was administered to the closest relatives of 50 patients with presenile or senile dementia of the Alzheimer type. The disturbances most frequently reported were: wandering/pacing (56%, cumulative percentage), aggressive behavior (44%) and - significantly related to more severe stages of dementia - apathy/loss of drive (58%), eating disturbances (46%) and disturbances of the sleep-waking cycle (32%). Depressive symptoms were observed in 58% of the patients, preferentially in the early stages of illness with preserved insight. Signs of paranoid delusions (46%), delusional misidentification (34%), visual (32%) and auditory hallucinations (16%) were encountered temporarily in a large number of patients. The importance of "non-cognitive" symptoms in Alzheimer's disease is underlined by their subjective significance for the caregivers.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Paranoid schizophrenia: prognosis under DSM-II and DSM-III-R.

DSM-III-R subtype-specific criteria and Tsuang-Winokur demographic criteria for paranoid schizophrenia were applied to records of discharged schizophrenic inpatients diagnosed according to DSM-II. Those meeting DSM-III-R subtype-specific criteria for paranoid schizophrenia and those who did not, ie, they received more hopeful diagnoses, had equally good prognoses. Good outcome was associated with the presence of prior affective symptomatology, absence of formal thought disorder, or other negative-type symptoms as well as Tsuang-Winokur demographic criteria of onset after age 25, married or employed status, and/or absence of family history. Patients with particularly poor outcome were identified by the coexistence of unsystematized or poorly developed persecutory ideation, symptoms of thought disorder, and/or disorganized behavior. The clinical and demographic descriptors discussed in this report may be particularly useful in creating homogeneous patient groupings for both clinical and rate-setting payment classifications.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Prediction of psychosis onset in Alzheimer disease: The role of cognitive impairment, depressive symptoms, and further evidence for psychosis subtypes.

BACKGROUND: Psychotic symptoms in Alzheimer disease (AD+P) identify a heritable phenotype associated with more rapid cognitive decline. The authors have proposed that AD+P is itself a composite of a misidentification and a paranoid subtype with increased cognitive impairment restricted to the misidentification type. Most prior studies of the clinical correlates of AD+P have been limited, however, by the inclusion of prevalent cases. METHODS: Subjects with possible or probable AD or mild cognitive impairment (MCI) without psychosis at study entry were assessed at the time of initial presentation and then annually. Psychotic symptoms were assessed using the CERAD Behavioral Rating Scale. Survival analyses used Cox proportional hazard models with time-dependent covariates to examine the predictors of psychosis onset. RESULTS: A total of 288 subjects completed at least one follow-up examination. Mean duration of follow-up was 22.1 months. The incidence of psychosis was 0.19 per person-year. Cognitive impairment was associated with onset of psychosis, largely as a result of its association with onset of the misidentification, but not the paranoid, subtype. Including psychotropic medication use in the model revealed an association of antidepressant use with the onset of psychosis. This latter association appeared to arise from an underlying association between depression and the risk of psychosis onset rather than from antidepressant treatment. CONCLUSION: These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that the misidentification and the paranoid subtypes each define a more biologically homogeneous group than AD+P as a whole. Further exploration of the relationship between depressive symptoms and psychosis in patients with AD is warranted.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Discriminant function analysis of depressive symptoms in binge eating disorder, bulimia nervosa, and major depression.

OBJECTIVES: To examine the frequency and distribution of depressive symptoms among subjects with binge eating disorder (BED), bulimia nervosa (BN), and major depression. METHODS: This study examined depressive symptoms from the Hamilton Depression Scale in 122 BED, 142 BN, and 200 major depression subjects using discriminant function analysis. RESULTS: All three groups differed significantly on the Hamilton Depression Scale totals with major depressive disorder (MDD) subjects having the highest and BED subjects the lowest totals. Eighteen items differentiated MDD from the eating disorder groups. Three items-gastrointestinal (GI) somatic symptoms, paranoid symptoms, and obsessional symptoms-distinguished BED and BN. In each case these symptoms were more common in BN subjects. DISCUSSION: This study attempted to differentiate BN from BED on a basis other than eating behavior. The results provide limited support for the hypothesis that BN and BED can be distinguished on the basis of depressive symptoms.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Clonidine treatment of schizophrenia: can we predict treatment response?

Four out of 13 drug-free relapsed schizophrenic patients improved with double-blind clonidine treatment. All responders were paranoid schizophrenic patients. Pretreatment growth hormone (GH) response to the clonidine challenge test (CCT) correlated significantly with clonidine treatment improvement in psychosis, anxiety, and negative symptom ratings. Spontaneous GH peaks following placebo correlated significantly with the behavioral change with clonidine treatment. Our data suggest that patients with normal or high alpha 2-receptor activity and "normal" cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) norepinephrine (NE) are likely to respond to clonidine treatment. Patients with either high or low CSF NE levels did not respond to clonidine treatment. CSF NE and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG) decreased significantly with clonidine treatment. Changes in CSF NE and MHPG did not correlate significantly with improvement in psychosis, but they correlated with changes in other behaviors.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Correlation between clinical characteristics and cerebrospinal fluid neuropeptide Y levels in dementia of the Alzheimer type and frontotemporal dementia.

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) has been shown to be involved in the control of several neuroendocrine functions. Moreover, in animal models, NPY produces behavioral effects that are similar to those induced by anxiolytics. We studied NPY-like immunoreactivity (NPY-LI) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in two primary degenerative dementias, Alzheimer disease (AD, n = 34) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD, n = 22) and correlated the CSF NPY-LI levels with clinical characteristics, as rated with the Organic Brain Syndrome scale. There were significant correlations between NPY-LI and such clinical items as suspiciousness, anxiousness, restlessness-agitation, and irritability in both AD and FTD. AD patients, but not FTD patients, showed a significant negative correlation between NPY-LI and duration of the disease. Thus, the study found significant correlations between CSF NPY-LI and emotional symptoms and behavior in organic dementia.

Adult↗