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PubMed1991

[Changes in the epidemiological situation of HIV infections and AIDS in Poland 1985-1991 and resulting directions of necessary actions].

HIV penetration and spreading among intravenous drug users (ivduS)--probably in 1988--was turning point in HIV infections/AIDS cases epidemiological situation in Poland. Since then, some important changes have been observed, mainly: visible increasing of number HIV-infected persons and ivduS percentage among HIV-infected, growing frequency of HIV-infections among ivduS, the change of F:M sex ratio among HIV-infected, increasing number and percentage of young people among HIV-infected, AIDS appearance not only among homo-/bisexuals, infected by heterosexual contact, but also among ivduS. The changes mentioned above indicate the most important directions in health care, health promotion, economical and social activities in Poland.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1991

The frequency of occurrence of congenital dysplasia of the hip in Poland.

In Poland, the number of newborn infants suffering from congenital dysplasia of the hip (CDH) is high. Its percentage has not changed during the past 30 years. The aim of this paper was (1) to find the frequency of occurrence of CDH based on the highest possible number of cases and to obtain the most objective data from examination performed by orthopedic surgeons; (2) to gather information about methods of treatment used; (3) to establish time of treatment (depending on how advanced the dysplastic process was); and (4) to determine the number of complications. The data are based on 17,094,000 inhabitants, or 46.2% of the Polish population. During the years 1980 to 1984, about 350,000 deliveries were annually registered. On the basis of the data, the following were concluded: (1) The frequency of CDH among children in Poland comes to 6.8%. (2) Cases of dysplasia with dislocation are 1.06%. (3) Almost half the number of children (46.2%) are being treated in outpatient departments run by orthopedic surgeons. The remainder are being cared by pediatric and general surgeons, or pediatricians. (4) Necrosis of the femoral head occurred in 10.4% of patients. (5) The most satisfactory therapeutic results (almost 100% cured) are obtained when treatment begins during the first week of the child's life.

Femur Head Necrosis↗
PubMed1990

[Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) in Poland 1987-1989. Stage IV of the epidemiological studies].

In the years 1987-1989 111 patients of SSPE who react positively to laboratory tests were found in Poland. The incidence rate of the disease was in 1987-1.30; in 1980-0.98 and in 1989-0.66 per million inhabitants (in the years 1984-1986 the incidence of SSPE was respectively 1.22; 1.05 and 0.9 per million). The authors observed a shift in the incidence peak of SSPE from the age group 8-9 years in 1977-1983 and 10-12 years in 1984-1986 to the age group 13-14 years in 1987-1989. Among 111 SSPE cases only 6 children (5.4) had been vaccinated against measles while the coverage of measles vaccination in Poland reached over 95%.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Distribution of Salmonella enteritidis phage-types in Poland in 1981-1990.

The occurrence of S. enteritidis phage types in Poland during the years 1981-1990 was examined. The strains were isolated from man, animals, and from food-stuffs. The majority of strains belongs to the phage types 7 and 1. The comparison with the phage-types isolated in 1970-1975 in Poland is done. The stability of the phage types in reported outbreaks is considered.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Concurrent Poland's syndrome and gynecomastia: a case report.

Gynecomastia (enlargement of the male breast) is a common occurrence during puberty and usually resolves. Poland's syndrome or hypoplasia of the chest wall is a rare congenital anomaly associated with hypoplasia of the ipsilateral extremity. Simultaneous presentation of gynecomastia and Poland's syndrome in a 26-year-old man increased the extent of asymmetry and the perception of each deformity. Surgical reduction of the enlarged breast greatly reduced the asymmetry, giving a satisfactory result.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Concordant myaplasia of the thoracic wall in monozygotic twins (Poland anomaly)].

A set of monozygotic twins affected with unilateral shoulder girdle muscle aplasia is reported. One twin showed Poland-like aplasia of the pectoralis but without the ipsilateral dysmelia, the other aplasia of dorsal spinothoracic muscles. The controversy about exogenous or genetic causes of the Poland anomaly and the whole spectrum of shoulder myaplasia may be solved assuming a multifactorial origin. The striking sex distribution and the continuous range of symptoms observed are in keeping with this hypothesis.

Diseases in Twins↗
PubMed1990

[Trends in changes in plant fiber consumption in Poland].

The purpose of the study was an analysis of changes in the consumption of plant fibre in Poland in the period 1950-1987. The analysis included plant fibre content in four groups of products considered as the main source of fibre in diet: cereals, potatoes, vegetables and fruit. A reduction was noted in the consumption of plant fibre in general, and the fibre present in cereals and potatoes, while that present in fruit and vegetables has increased. The pattern of plant fibre consumption in Poland is becoming ever more similar to that in highly developed countries. Systematic studies are proposed on the consumption of plant fibre by various groups of the population. It would be indicated to explain to the population the importance and role of plant fibre and introduction for marketing of food providing this fibre, in the first place increased supply of brown bread.

Dietary Fiber↗
PubMed1990

[Content of metals in vegetables from various regions of poland in the years 1986-1988. II. Content of zinc and copper].

The content of zinc and copper was determined in various sorts of vegetables grown in hothouses or on soil. This content was determined also in the soil where these vegetables were grown. The samples of these vegetables were taken directly from the producers in 18 provinces of Poland from the areas not contaminated by industrial plants and traffic. The content of Cu and Zn was determined after dry mineralization of samples at 400 degrees C by ASA method in adequately diluted aqueous solutions of the mineralized substances. In all 2522 samples of vegetables grown in hothouses or on soil and 635 samples of soil were studied. The zinc level in most samples was lower than the permissible level 10 mg/kg. The highest amounts of zinc were found in red beets, and in the leaves of parsley grown in hothouses and on soil. The copper content in these samples was much below the permissible level of 4 mg/kg. The mean values of copper and zinc in soil samples were higher than the values accepted as present most frequently in soil in non-contaminated regions of Poland, that is 15 and 90 mg/kg respectively.

Copper↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Poland syndrome and myasthenia gravis].

A female patient, 17 years old with Poland's syndrome and myasthenia gravis was seen due to a bronchial infection and atelectasis. The respiratory pathology was treated by bronchial aspiration and respiratory support in the intensive care unit. The myasthenia gravis improved substantially after thymectomy. The association of Poland's syndrome and myasthenia is rare and it has not been reported previously; it may be a factor in the pulmonary pathology observed in this case.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Necessity of changes and trends in the health care system for the workers in Poland].

Authors define current organizing conditions and work effects of the industrial health service in Poland. They indicate these elements of diagnosis which effect the poor effectiveness of this health care unit. They also discuss the tasks assigned for health service in plants which were imposed by the ILO compact No 161 in 1985, and declare prompt implementation of the tasks in Poland. Suggestions concerning health insurance operative for all economic subjects are presented. The implementation of this kind of insurance would be one of indispensable modifications in the health care system of the working population. The range of free medical services available within this insurance would include a complex of preventive measures and medical assistance in case of disasters and life-threatening circumstances.

Health Benefit Plans, Employee↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Pulmonary tuberculosis convalescents (group IV D) at the outpatient tuberculosis and lung disease clinics in Poland 1967-1986].

An analysis of risk rates of tuberculosis incidence in convalescents registered in tuberculosis dispensaries in Poland in the years 1967-1986 was made. In Poland they are registered in group IVD. Since 1978 this group is steadily decreasing although in 1986 it made up 1.27% of the whole country's population, and was the highest risk group. In 1986 the risk of a tuberculosis infection was six fold higher in this group, and eight fold higher confirmed bacteriologically. Out of this group 8.3% of new infections are derived, and 11.1% of freshly diagnosed cases of bacteriologically confirmed tuberculosis. Heterogeneity of this group suggests different proceedings.

Convalescence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Alcohol consumption and alcohol-induced psychoses in Poland in the years 1956-1986].

The dependence between alcohol psychoses morbidity and the average alcohol consumption in Poland in the period of time from 1956 till 1986 was studied. Alcohol consumption in Poland between 1981 and 1986 was different than during all previous post-war period. Therefore, the analysis of dependence between alcohol psychoses morbidity and alcohol consumption was performed in 2 periods of time: 1956-1980 and 1981-1986. The frequency of the first hospitalization of men with alcohol psychoses for 100,000 of population was accepted as an alcohol psychoses morbidity factor. As an indicator of alcohol consumption the average consumption of all kind of alcohol beverages in conversion to pure alcohol per capita per year was accepted. During the years 1956-1980 such dependence was demonstrated as a square function: y = .3 X2, with the correlation coefficient r = .99, where X designates the average alcohol consumption per person per year. and y denotes the morbidity with alcohol psychoses. During the years 1981-1986 the decline of such dependence was observed (r = .65). In 1981 there was rapid decrease of alcohol consumption; such decrease intensified slightly in 1982. This went with deep decline of alcohol psychoses morbidity. In the years 1983-1985 rapid increase of alcohol psychoses morbidity incomparable with a slight increase of alcohol consumption was found. In 1986 small alcohol consumption was accompanied with inconsiderable fall of morbidity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1989

Studies on concentration of halogen derivatives in herbal products from various regions of Poland.

The studies covered evaluation of levels of halogen derivative pesticides (p,p'-DDT and its metabolites p,p'-DDD and p,p'-DDE, as well as HCH, DMDT, aldrin and dieldrin) in herbal raw materials picked up in various regions of Poland in 1983. Qualitative analyses have been carried out with the TLC method whereas for quantitative analyses the GLC method has been applied. It has been found that the most frequently occurring are p,p'-DDT and its metabolites. The highest concentrations of these compounds have been observed in herbs from Lower Silesia and from the Bydgoszcz regions. Also in the region of Białystok concentrations of these compounds are generally higher than in other parts of Poland. Other pesticides have been found in a lesser number of herbal raw materials and in considerably lower concentrations.

Chromatography, Gas↗
PubMed1988

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibodies in patients with haemophilia and other inheritable blood clotting disorders in south west Poland (Lower Silesia region).

In order to determine the frequency of HIV antibodies among patients with haemophilia and other inheritable blood clotting disorder in the Lower Silesia region of South-West Poland, we examined a representative fraction comprising 106 patients from a cohort of 302 blood clotting disorder patients. The methods used for detecting HIV antibodies were an ELISA, the immunoblotting test ("Western blot") and an indirect immunofluorescence test. 8 patients were reactive in the ELISA, but only 2 (1.9%) patients were truly seropositive by the confirmation tests. Both patients have received imported commercial factor VIII preparation. Totally 17 patients have been treated with imported factor VIII, thus 12% (95% confidence limits: 1.5-36.5%) of these were seropositive. This figure, which is lower than figures obtained from the USA and Western Europe, is probably due to far less intensive treatment of the patients. None (95% confidence limits: 0-4.1%) of the patients solely treated with blood transfusion and locally produced preparation was HIV antibody positive. These results indicate a low prevalence of HIV infection in this region of Poland but are, on the other hand, a strong argument for an introduction of HIV antibody screening of blood donors to maintain these favourable condition.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Multiple sclerosis mortality in Poland].

The total annual number of deaths among multiple sclerosis patients in Poland had been dropping gradually from 561 to 452 in the period 1969-1973, then it remained at a relatively stable level (507-528) in the years 1977-1980. The mean annual not age-adjusted mortality indices decreased from 1.72 to 1.34 and became stabilized at the levels 1.45-1.47 per 100 thousand population. The sex-adjusted mortality indices showed also an initial drop followed by a plateau. The mean life span of men with multiple sclerosis decreased slightly from 53.4 and in women from 52.7 to 50.4 years in both sexes in 1980. The author discusses the fluctuation of mortality indices and changes in the life span of patients with multiple sclerosis in Poland.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

System of nursing care in Poland.

Nurse activity in Poland has reached a high level of organization and methodological development. It should be stressed that the system of nursing training is carried out not only of a medium level but also on a higher level leading to a Master's degree in nursing. High standards are set for nurses with respect both to their professional training and professional ethics. A constant tendency to improve professional and general knowledge among nurses had led recently to juridical regulations requiring that nurses holding managerial posts possess a higher education. A post-diploma system of nursing training resulted in the opening, in 1981, of facilities for professional specialization with the right to use the title of specialist nurse. A satisfactory situation concerning the employment of nurses and midwives as well as a auxiliary personnel in hospital wards has not yet been reached in Poland. It is therefore necessary to train auxiliary personnel for work in hospital wards. Discussions held in the nursing profession concerning the role of a Master's degree in nursing in the Polish system of health care must result in widening the nurse's responsibilities according to their level of education and intellectual potential. It is problematic whether specialized training of nurses should be carried out only in the post-diploma system. Properly prepared nursing staff for such specialized branches as pediatrics or psychiatry do not come out of this system. This problem should be discussed by nurses in the near future and appropriate measures adopted. The environment of professional nurses is characterized by great professional and social activity. They take part in state administration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Education, Nursing↗
PubMed1987

[Occupational diseases in Poland 1984-1985].

The authors have analysed occupational diseases cases that occurred in Poland during 1984-1985. Personal notification of the diseases, sent over to the Institute of Occupational Medicine in Lódź from Provincial Sanitary--Epidemiological Stations, constitute sources of information. The analysis covers the morbidity data in age and sex groups, involving territorial and branch differentiation. At the same time some causes affecting occupational diseases incidence in Poland are presented along with evaluation of the value of the obtained information.

Adult↗