Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Overweight”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 739 records · Page 41Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Tracking of elevated systolic blood pressure among lean and overweight adolescents: the Minneapolis Children's Blood Pressure Study.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether elevated blood pressure tracks to a greater degree in overweight than in lean children. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. METHODS: We examined 758 adolescents (mean age 13.4 years) who participated in a longitudinal study of blood pressure. The degree of tracking was examined by cross-classification of sex-specific tertiles of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and body mass index determined at baseline and 5 years later. Those children that were in the highest tertile of SBP and body mass index were considered to be 'overweight with elevated blood pressure'. Those that were in the highest tertile of SBP but lowest tertile of body mean index were considered to be 'lean with elevated blood pressure'. RESULTS: Of those boys that were initially classified as lean with elevated blood pressure, 38% remained so classified compared with 54.6% of those that were initially classified as overweight with elevated blood pressure. Among the girls the respective proportions were 48 and 44.2%. The subjects of each sex who were lean with elevated blood pressure were significantly shorter at baseline than their overweight counterparts, and over the follow-up period experienced a greater mean increase in SBP than their overweight peers. This difference was almost totally explained for the boys once the difference in height change was taken into account. For the girls a difference of 5.9 mmHg remained after covariate adjustment for the change in height. CONCLUSION: These results fail to support the hypothesis that blood pressure tracks differently in obese and in lean adolescents, particularly once differences in sexual maturation are considered.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Maternal attitude to sweet eating habits and risk of overweight in offspring: a ten-year prospective population study.

The possible effect of maternal attitude to sweet eating habits on their offspring's risk of overweight is a common concern. This study addresses the influence of mothers' reports on and attitude to sweet eating habits on the subsequent risk of overweight of their offspring in young adulthood. A study of a randomly selected cohort of 9-10 year old children from schools in the Copenhagen municipality was performed in 1974. A decade later a follow-up was carried out, and 86% of the target population participated. Overweight was defined as the 90th percentile of body mass index distribution (weight/height2 (kg/m2)). The odds ratio of overweight in young adulthood was assessed by logistic regression analysis taking into account body mass index in childhood, gender and social background (both parents' school education, householder's occupational status, and quality of dwellings in childhood rearing areas). The results showed that the risk of overweight was significantly increased if the mother reported lacking knowledge about her offspring's sweet eating habits (OR = 4.5; 95% confidence limits: 1.7-12.1; P = 0.003). The risk was insignificantly increased if the mothers expressed acceptance of sweet eating habits (OR = 1.9; 0.8-4.2; P = 0.1), and if more than an average amount of money was given for sweets (OR = 2.0; 1.0-3.8; P = 0.06). On the other hand, how often the child was actually allowed to eat sweets, and the mother's acceptance of sugary food did not significantly influence the risk.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed1995

[Obesity, overweight and physical activity in elementary school children].

This research presents an epidemiological study on the prevalence of obesity and overweightness in an Elementary School population. 243 children of third and fourth grade (males 52.26% and females 47.74%, 9-10 years old) of the Selvazzano (Padova) District, were evaluated during the annual medical visit. The Body Max Index (BMI) and the Cole index were calculated. The parents filled out a questionnaire which investigated the level and quality of involvement in sports. The statistical analysis was executed by the ANOVA test and post Hoc analysis. 59.02% of the children resulted within the ponderal normality with the Cole index < or = 110, 13.5% resulted overweight (Cole index 110 divided by 120), 20% resulted obese (Cole index 120 divided by 140), 7.3% resulted highly obese (Cole index > 140). High level obesity was found in fourth grade boys (p < 0.0001). As far as sports are concerned, it is noted that 173 children (73.3%) practise some sport. The more practised sports, swimming (44.5%), soccer (27.1%) and gymnastic (15.02%), are practised twice a week by 58.3% of the children. Obesity and overweight in the examined population result high even in relation to data found in literature. When choosing a sport activity to prevent overweightness or obesity, one should advise parents, school operators and students to choose a sport with a great caloric consumption, at least 250-300 kcal per session, twice a week, along with a change in active lifestyle. Regarding swimming, the most practised sport, children should be sent at an early age (4-5 years old) in order to anticipate learning of the athletic gesture, and to do this at an age in which obesity and overweightness have less an incidence.

Body Mass Index↗
PubMed1996

Plasma fibronectin in overweight men and women: correlation with serum triglyceride levels and serum cholinesterase activity.

When compared with 67 age- and sex-matched normal weight control subjects, the 71 overweight patients displayed obviously higher levels of plasma fibronectin. For a similar body mass index (BMI) the 16 overweight men younger than 45 years had a significantly (P < 0.01) higher plasma fibronectin level (455 +/- 99.3 mg/l; mean +/- SD) than the 16 age-matched overweight women (351 +/- 105 mg/l) while there was no significant difference between the 22 overweight men (446 +/- 89.2 mg/l) and the 17 overweight women (475 +/- 111 mg/l) older than 45 years. Particularly high plasma fibronectin levels were noted in the five women with upper body (android) obesity. Plasma fibronectin was positively correlated with BMI, serum triglyceride concentration, plasma fibrinogen and serum cholinesterase activity. It is considered that metabolic disturbances related to upper body obesity may lead to an enhanced hepatic secretion of VLDL and of several plasma proteins including fibronectin.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[Delivery of the overweight woman. Analysis of 115 patients].

OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to assess the effect of weight gain during pregnancy on labor and delivery. Abnormal pregnancies were excluded from the study to avoid interaction with the management of labor. POPULATION AND METHODS: A retrospective monocentric case-control study was carried out. We analysed 115 pregnancies delivered in our institution between June 1994 and November 1994. The course of labor was studied in 2 groups of patients: a group of overweight patients and a control group. RESULTS: In the overweight patients, the frequency of induction of labor (25%) and of obstetrical analgesia (82%) was significantly higher than in the control group (respectively 7% and 64%), as well as the average duration of labour and the average duration of the rupture of the membranes. The rate of cesarean section was higher in the overweight patient group (16.7%) than in the control group (3.7%). The difference was not significant because of the small number of patients. CONCLUSION: These results show a more frequent requirement of induction of labour, analgesia, and cesarean section in overweight patients. This led us to propose a multidisciplinary management of overweight patients to minimize these different obstetrical risks during labor.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.

BACKGROUND: In patients with type 2 diabetes, intensive blood-glucose control with insulin or sulphonylurea therapy decreases progression of microvascular disease and may also reduce the risk of heart attacks. This study investigated whether intensive glucose control with metformin has any specific advantage or disadvantage. METHODS: Of 4075 patients recruited to UKPDS in 15 centres, 1704 overweight (>120% ideal bodyweight) patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes, mean age 53 years, had raised fasting plasma glucose (FPG; 6.1-15.0 mmol/L) without hyperglycaemic symptoms after 3 months' initial diet. 753 were included in a randomised controlled trial, median duration 10.7 years, of conventional policy, primarily with diet alone (n=411) versus intensive blood-glucose control policy with metformin, aiming for FPG below 6 mmol/L (n=342). A secondary analysis compared the 342 patients allocated metformin with 951 overweight patients allocated intensive blood-glucose control with chlorpropamide (n=265), glibenclamide (n=277), or insulin (n=409). The primary outcome measures were aggregates of any diabetes-related clinical endpoint, diabetes-related death, and all-cause mortality. In a supplementary randomised controlled trial, 537 non-overweight and overweight patients, mean age 59 years, who were already on maximum sulphonylurea therapy but had raised FPG (6.1-15.0 mmol/L) were allocated continuing sulphonylurea therapy alone (n=269) or addition of metformin (n=268). FINDINGS: Median glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) was 7.4% in the metformin group compared with 8.0% in the conventional group. Patients allocated metformin, compared with the conventional group, had risk reductions of 32% (95% CI 13-47, p=0.002) for any diabetes-related endpoint, 42% for diabetes-related death (9-63, p=0.017), and 36% for all-cause mortality (9-55, p=0.011). Among patients allocated intensive blood-glucose control, metformin showed a greater effect than chlorpropamide, glibenclamide, or insulin for any diabetes-related endpoint (p=0.0034), all-cause mortality (p=0.021), and stroke (p=0.032). Early addition of metformin in sulphonylurea-treated patients was associated with an increased risk of diabetes-related death (96% increased risk [95% CI 2-275], p=0.039) compared with continued sulphonylurea alone. A combined analysis of the main and supplementary studies showed fewer metformin-allocated patients having diabetes-related endpoints (risk reduction 19% [2-33], p=0.033). Epidemiological assessment of the possible association of death from diabetes-related causes with the concurrent therapy of diabetes in 4416 patients did not show an increased risk in diabetes-related death in patients treated with a combination of sulphonylurea and metformin (risk reduction 5% [-33 to 32], p=0.78). INTERPRETATION: Since intensive glucose control with metformin appears to decrease the risk of diabetes-related endpoints in overweight diabetic patients, and is associated with less weight gain and fewer hypoglycaemic attacks than are insulin and sulphonylureas, it may be the first-line pharmacological therapy of choice in these patients.

Chlorpropamide↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Anthropometric profile and prevalence of overweight in schoolchildren in Ubrique, Cádiz].

BACKGROUND: Adult overweight is an important risk factor for a range of chronic illnesses, and seems to be linked with overweight in childhood. The identification of children at risk of overweight could therefore be a suitable means of preventing these illnesses in adults. The aim of our study was to determine the anthropometric profile and prevalence of overweight in a population of schoolchildren in a rural town in Cadiz, which is also a major industrial centre. METHOD: A cross-sectional study was carried out, in which a representative sample of 493 schoolchildren of both sexes and aged from 4 to 14 years old was studied. They were measured for height, weight, arm circumference, triceps skinfold, and their IMC was calculated. The results were compared with a Spanish reference population. To measure obesity IMC > or = 25 kg/m2 was used. RESULTS: Height, weight, arm circumference, triceps skinfold and the IMC showed values that were slightly above those corresponding to the reference population, and there was a low incidence of overweight. These results are along the lines of studies published by the authors on the eating habits of this population.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Prevalence of overweight among third- and sixth-grade children--New York City, 1996.

Childhood overweight is the leading cause of pediatric hypertension, and overweight children are at high risk for developing long-term chronic conditions, including adult-onset diabetes mellitus, coronary heart disease, orthopedic disorders, and respiratory disease. Overweight among children and adolescents in the United States increased from 1976-1980 to 1988-1994. Information is needed to describe overweight in smaller geographic areas for local health planning. This report presents findings from a study examining the weight status of third- and sixth-graders in New York City (NYC) in 1996. The findings indicate a high prevalence of overweight among NYC third- and sixth-graders, regardless of sex or racial/ethnic characteristics.

Body Weight↗
PubMed2006

Weight reduction for primary prevention of stroke in adults with overweight or obesity.

BACKGROUND: Obesity is seen as a worldwide chronic disease with high prevalence that has been associated with increased morbidity from many conditions including stroke, which is the third leading cause of death in developed countries and a leading cause of severe long-term disability. The causal association between overweight or obesity and stroke is unclear and there is no definite study clarifying the role of obesity treatment in the prevention of a first stroke (primary prevention). Given the prevalence of stroke and the enormous health and economic cost of the disease, it is important to establish the possible impact of weight reduction per se on stroke incidence. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effects of weight reduction in people with overweight or obesity on stroke incidence. SEARCH STRATEGY: MEDLINE, EMBASE, The Cochrane Library, LILACS, databases of ongoing trials and reference lists were used to identify relevant trials. The last search was conducted in April 2006. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised controlled trials comparing any intervention for weight reduction (single or combined) with placebo or no intervention in overweight or obese people. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: No trials were found in the literature for inclusion in this review. MAIN RESULTS: There are currently no results to be reported. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Obesity seems to be associated with an increased risk of stroke and it has been suggested that weight loss may lead to a reduction of stroke occurrence. However, this hypothesis is not based on strong scientific evidence resulting from randomised controlled clinical trials. This systematic review identified the urgent need for well-designed, adequately-powered, multi centre randomised controlled trials assessing the effects of weight reduction in persons with overweight or obesity on stroke occurrence.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Prevalence of overweight and obesity among Guaraní-Mbyá from Misiones, Argentina.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of overweight and obesity and the fat distribution pattern in Mbyá-Guaraní children and adults from Misiones, Argentina. Height, weight, and triceps and subscapular skinfolds were measured in 197 individuals aged 2-60 years. Body mass index (BMI), fat and muscle areas, and subscapular/tricipital index were calculated. All data were transformed to z-scores using US references (NHANES I and II). Overweight and obesity were defined as BMIs between the 85th-95th or above the 95th percentile, respectively. Compared to NHANES references, the Mbyá were shorter and lighter, although their BMI was slightly higher. There were no substantial differences in body composition (fat and muscle) between the Mbyá and the reference. Prevalences of overweight and obesity reached (on average) 16.2 and 14.7%, respectively, and were similar in both sexes. Stunting was higher in females than in males (49.6 vs. 33.3%). Sixty percent of overweight and obese subjects showed a centralized adiposity pattern, and 49% had a high risk for abdominal adiposity. The present results provide new evidence of a striking increase in obesity rates in Amerindians as a part of the process of nutritional transition. The contribution of each component of energy balance, physical activity, and lifestyle could play an important role in this observed tendency, justifying further research in these transitional populations.

Adiposity↗
PubMed2005

[Overweight and obesity in Germany 1984-2003].

The magnitude and the development of the prevalence of overweight and obesity in Germany during the past 20 years are analysed in this contribution. Using body mass index (BMI) data of the National Examination Surveys (1984-1992), the German National Health Interview and Examination Survey 1998 as well as the Telephone Health Survey 2003, all representative of the adult non-institutionalised population, the occurrence of overweight and obesity is studied. To improve the comparability with measurement values, the Telephone Health Survey data which were based on self-reporting were adjusted. All data were weighted to improve the representativeness for the time of assessment. Although the proportion of persons with a BMI between 25 and 30 did not change essentially during the last 20 years, the proportion of obese individuals (BMI>or=30) increased considerably. At present, about 70% of men and 50% of women in Germany are overweight or obese. In conclusion, the prevalence of overweight and obesity in Germany continues to increase.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

A comparison study of the prevalence of overweight and obese Italian preschool children using different reference standards.

INTRODUCTION: The number of overweight children is constantly increasing in both developed and underdeveloped countries. Most epidemiological surveys consider school age children with little attention being given to preschool age children. This study was undertaken to define the prevalence of being overweight or obese in a population of children 3-6 years of age, living in North-East Italy. We also identified differences when comparing body mass index (BMI) data against three different national and international standards. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The study involved 258 children (124 males and 134 females) with an average age of 4.8 years. Weight and height were obtained for each child and BMI was calculated according to the formula weight (kg)/height (m)(2). The prevalence of overweight and obese subjects was then determined using the growth curves of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the growth curves of the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) and the curves published in 2003 by Luciano et al. RESULTS: All three methods gave similar, but not identical, estimates of the prevalence of overweight in both boys and girls. However, when determining the prevalence of obesity, the use of the CDC curves led to a significantly higher prevalence of obesity in both males and females when compared to the growth charts of the IOTF and Luciano et al. BACKGROUND: The use of the CDC growth curves leads to an increase in the prevalence of obesity when evaluating children under 5 years of age. The lower cut-off values inherent in the CDC charts, in contrast to the ones proposed by the IOTF, allow for earlier identification of a larger number of subjects with weight problems and therefore provide the potential for earlier intervention.

Body Mass Index↗
PubMed2006

Fitness levels of Greek primary schoolchildren in relationship to overweight and obesity.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present cross-sectional study was to provide estimates for overweight and obesity in a sample of Greek schoolchildren and to determine their possible relation with selected motor and health-related fitness parameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study sample consisted of 709 healthy children (328 girls, 381 boys, mean age = 8.9+/-1.6 years), living in the towns of Agios Stefanos (approximately 12,000 citizens) and Alexandroupolis (approximately 60,000 citizens), Greece. All pupils underwent anthropometric, motor and cardiovascular fitness assessments (Eurofit test battery). The body mass index (BMI) cut-off points adopted by the International Obesity Task Force were utilized for the assessment of overweight and obesity. RESULTS: 59.4% of the participants had a normal BMI, 25.8% were overweight and 14.8% were obese, without significant differences between genders. DISCUSSIONS: In general, the higher BMI categories were strongly associated with inferior performances in all fitness tests, except flexibility. This graded relationship was consistent for both boys and girls, although the statistical relationship between BMI categories and fitness performance varied by gender. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, the findings of the current study offer some support to the reported high prevalence of childhood obesity in Greece and suggest that overweight and obesity are limiting factors for fitness performance in primary schoolchildren. The present data suggest that interventions promoting children's health should, ideally, begin early in life and involve measures that simultaneously improve fitness and lower fatness.

Anthropometry↗
PubMed2006

Relationship between asthma, overweight, and physical activity among U.S. high school students.

Asthma is a leading chronic illness among children and adolescents in the United States. This study examined the relationship between asthma and both overweight and physical activity levels. Results are based on data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's 2003 national Youth Risk Behavior Survey, a cross-sectional survey of health risk behaviors among a representative sample of high school students in the United States. The overall survey response rate was 67% and the results are based on weighted data. SUDAAN was used for all data analysis (prevalence estimates and logistic regression) because it accounts for the complex sampling design of the survey. Significantly more students with current asthma than without were overweight (odds ratio [OR] = 1.4; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.1, 1.6) and described themselves as overweight (OR = 1.2; 95% CI = 1.0, 1.4). Significantly more students with current asthma than without used a computer for non-schoolwork 3 or more hours/day (OR = 1.3; 95% CI = 1.1, 1.5). No significant differences were found for participation in sufficient vigorous or moderate physical activity or strengthening exercises among students with and without current asthma. Unlike some other risk factors for developing or exacerbating asthma, overweight and physical activity are generally modifiable. School and community policies and programs can play an important role in asthma management, including promoting the maintenance of an appropriate weight and encouraging continued physical activity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Hypoadiponectinemia and circulating angiogenic factors in overweight patients complicated with pre-eclampsia.

OBJECTIVE: Obesity is a risk factor for pre-eclampsia, and adiponectin is an important adipocyte-derived hormone that might protect the endothelium. Recent reports have underlined importance of circulating angiogenic factors for pathophysiology of pre-eclampsia. Here we examined whether adiponectin in conjunction with angiogenic factors plays some roles in the pathophysiology of pre-eclampsia. STUDY DESIGN: We measured serum concentrations of adiponectin and angiogenic factors, vascular endothelial growth factor, placental growth factor, and the soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptors, soluble fms-like tyrosine Kinase 1 (sFlt-1) and soluble fetal liver kinase 1 (sFlk-1), in women with pre-eclampsia and healthy pregnant women. We also investigated the differences of these factors in overweight and normal-weight patients with pre-eclampsia. RESULTS: Significant correlations were found among the circulating adiponectin and angiogenic factors placental growth factor (R = 0.772, P = .0012) and sFlt-1 (R = 0.787, P = .0005); while, no correlation was found between adiponectin and sFlk-1 (R = 0.3, P = .3434) in patients with pre-eclampsia. Overweight patients with pre-eclampsia showed significantly lower adiponectin levels and a mild imbalance of circulating angiogenic factors, compared with normal-weight patients with pre-eclampsia. CONCLUSION: Overweight women with pre-eclampsia appeared to have lower levels of adiponectin and sFlt1 and higher levels of placental growth factor than women with pre-eclampsia who were of normal weight. These results suggest that hypoadiponectinemia might be involved in the pathophysiology of overweight patients with pre-eclampsia.

Adiponectin↗
PubMed2006

Overweight and obesity status among adolescents from Mexico and Egypt.

BACKGROUND: Obesity is on the rise among adults, adolescents and children worldwide, including populations living in developing countries. This study aimed to describe body mass index of adolescents from Mexico and Egypt and to evaluate non-nutritional correlates from two cohort studies. METHODS: Questionnaire data and weight and height measurements were collected in two large baseline studies in adolescents between 11 and 19 years old attending public school during the 1998-1999 school year in Mexico (n = 10,537) and the 1997 school year in Egypt (n = 1,502). The authors compared body mass index and correlates stratified by sex and country through multivariate linear regression. RESULTS: Overall prevalence of overweight and obesity was 19.8 and 7.9%, respectively, among the Mexican adolescents and 12.1 and 6.2%, respectively, among the Egyptian adolescents. Based on U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) definition growth charts, for Mexico 18% of boys and 21% of girls were overweight and 11% of boys and 9% of girls were obese. In the Egyptian sample, 7% of boys and 18% of girls were overweight and 6% of boys and 8% of girls were obese. The most consistent correlates of body mass index in the Mexican population were age, years of education, smoking, vitamin intake and participating in sports, whereas the factors correlated among Egyptian adolescents were age and rural residence. CONCLUSIONS: Obesity and overweight are becoming a problem among Mexican and Egyptian youth. Information about the risk factors associated with excessive weight gain during the adolescent period is a first step towards proposing prevention strategies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Predictors of disinhibited eating in children with and without overweight.

OBJECTIVE: This study examined how 7-13-year-old children with and without overweight respond to free access to snack food in the absence of hunger and whether this eating behaviour could be predicted by parental feeding strategies and child's characteristics. METHODS: A total of 52 children (26 normal weight and 26 overweight children) were exposed to snack food after consuming a typical meal. Parental feeding practices and child's variables were assessed via self-report. RESULTS: Two-third of the sample ate of the presented snacks and consumed an average of 68 g. Overweight boys consumed twice as much than the normal weight boys. Parental feeding strategies did not contribute to the prediction of this eating behaviour. Regardless of the children's weight status, the child's eating style strongly predicted snack intake. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides evidence that overweight boys show difficulties in regulating their eating behaviour. Inconsistent with previous work, no evidence for parental contribution of snack intake was found. The present findings suggest that in older children especially children's own eating style account for the variance in snack eating behaviour.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

The association of maternal overweight and obesity with breastfeeding duration.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether maternal prepregnancy overweight or obesity has an independent effect on breastfeeding duration. STUDY DESIGN: A prospective birth cohort study of 1803 live-born children and their mothers ascertained through antenatal clinics at the major tertiary obstetric hospital in Perth, Australia, were followed until 3 years of age. Unconditional logistic, Cox regression, and Kaplan Meier analyses were used to model the association between maternal prepregnancy overweight and obesity and the duration of predominant or any breastfeeding allowing for adjustment of confounders (infant factors: gender, birth weight, gestational age, age solids introduced, and older siblings; maternal factors: smoking, education, age, race, marital status, pregnancy and birth complications, cesarean section, and socioeconomic status). RESULTS: Overweight and obese women were more likely to have discontinued breastfeeding at any time before 6 months than normal weight women (P < .0005) following adjustment for potential confounders. CONCLUSION: We have shown that prepregnancy body mass index is associated with reduced breastfeeding duration, and that mothers who are overweight or obese before pregnancy tend to breastfeed their infants for a shorter duration than normal weight mothers independent of maternal socioeconomic and demographic characteristics.

Adult↗