Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Operating Tables”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 739 records · Page 41Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Weight gain during pregnancy does not influence the spread of spinal analgesia in the term parturient.

BACKGROUND: It is still controversial whether the spread of spinal anaesthesia in pregnancy is influenced by particular physique. Investigation was based on a clinical observation that parturients with a pronounced "pregnant" physique, e.g. generalised oedema and heavy abdomen, tended to develop more cephalad sensory blockades than parturients without these physical signs. Using weight gain during pregnancy as a measure for the physique at term, we aimed to determine whether this parameter influences the distribution of analgesia after subarachnoidal injection of plain bupivacaine. METHODS: Thirty women presenting for elective Caesarean section were studied. All the women received 13.5 mg plain bupivacaine via subarachnoid injection at the L2-3 interspace. Thirty minutes after the injection, while the women were in the supine position with a left lateral tilt on a horizontal operating table, the maximum cephalad extent of sensory analgesia (loss of sensation to sharpness of pinprick) was determined. RESULTS: Neither weight gain during pregnancy (6-22 kg, range), height (152-185 cm), weight (56-98 kg) nor body-mass index (20.2-31.8 kg/m2) correlated with the cephalad spread of sensory blockade. CONCLUSION: In parturients, weight gain during pregnancy, height, weight and body-mass index did not influence the extent of sensory analgesia after subarachnoidal administration of plain bupivacaine.

Analgesia, Obstetrical↗
PubMed1985

The electrical hazards of fixed abdominal retractors.

Abdominal retractors that are fixed to the operating table provide an electrical pathway to earth and are unsafe. Modifications to ensure the electrical safety of two table mounted abdominal retractors by the incorporation of insulators are described. Results of electrical testing show that the insulators provide high levels of insulation to direct current, 50 Hz alternating current and 400 kHz radio frequency current.

Electricity↗
PubMed1997

Comparison of the effect of two heights of glycine irrigation solution on serum sodium and osmolality during transurethral resection of the prostate.

BACKGROUND: The absorption of sodium-deficient, hypotonic irrigation solution is believed to contribute, in certain cases, to hyponatraemia and hypo-osmolality and, in severe cases, to the so-called transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) syndrome. METHODS: The effect of the height of 1.5% glycine irrigation solution during intermittent-flow TURP on serum sodium and osmolality was studied peri-operatively in 40 patients. The height of the glycine was set at 70 (n = 20) or 150 (n = 20) cm above the operating table. RESULTS: We found no statistically significant difference in the measured serum sodium (P = 0.929) and osmolality (P = 0.260) values between the two groups during the 24 hr study period. CONCLUSIONS: The height of the irrigation solution is not important in the development of hyponatraemia and hypo-osmolality, and other factors are probably more important.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

A method of measuring fluid balance during transurethral resection of the prostate.

OBJECTIVE: To design a practical system for non-invasively monitoring fluid balance during transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) and other endoscopic procedures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Load cell transducers are incorporated into a platform placed under the operating table. Output is passed to a digital weighmeter and then to a portable computer. The raw data is filtered using software written by the authors (CAL) and the output displayed both numerically and graphically on the computer screen. The device was tested under laboratory conditions and then assessed in the clinical setting. RESULTS: The device proved stable in both the laboratory and clinical settings. Examples of the common patterns generated during TURP are presented. The prototype has been used routinely in our practice to warn the surgeon and anaesthetist of fluid overload and has been used to monitor fluid balance in several studies. CONCLUSIONS: This instrument provides a practical method of monitoring total fluid balance during TURP. It can be used with either general or regional anaesthesia and provides information not otherwise available. It provides an early warning of significant changes in total fluid balance, particularly irrigant fluid absorption. Use of this device serves to prevent development of the TUR syndrome, a potentially fatal complication of endoscopic surgery. Our ultimate aim is to produce a refined version that is simple, compact and cheap enough to be used routinely in all urological theatres. The cost of a single episode of intensive care for a patient developing iatrogenic complications from irrigant absorption would offset the cost of such a device.

Absorption↗
PubMed1989

A total of 250,136 laparoscopic sterilizations by a single operator.

A total of 250,136 women were sterilized as outpatients by a single operator working with a team in ad hoc sterilization 'camps'. Falope rings were applied by the laparocator under local anaesthesia, with premedication but without vaginal manipulation (in all but the first 10,100). Volunteers were recruited and the operation discussed in nearby villages. The women were numbered at registration and arranged in groups, each comprised of two rows (odd or even numbers) of 15 women, leading to two improvised operating tables or benches in a steep Trendelenburg position. With good teamwork the number of women sterilized was generally 40 to 50/h. There were 12 associated deaths, not all attributable to the procedure, a mortality rate of 4.8 per 100,000; 8 major complications (3.2 per 100,000) required laparotomy or admission to hospital. In a follow-up survey of 84,940 responders to a questionnaire only 90 pregnancies (0.1%) were reported to have been conceived after the cycle of surgery. The results suggest that the rapid 'no exposure' technique as used in this series is safe and acceptable in an Indian context. If others could acquire this skill it could with appropriate adaptation make appreciable inroads into the unmet need for female sterilization in many other developing countries.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

A comparative study of the use of epoprostenol and dihydralazine in severe hypertension in pregnancy.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the antihypertensive effects of epoprostenol sodium (prostacyclin) with that of dihydralazine in acute hypertensive crises of pregnancy. DESIGN: A prospective randomized study. A minimum of 20 patients per group was considered statistically acceptable (alpha = 0.05, power = 0.9). SETTING: A large urban tertiary hospital. SUBJECTS: Forty-seven pregnant patients with diastolic blood pressures of > 100 mmHg were studied. INTERVENTION: Lowering of high blood pressure with either dihydralazine (n = 25), the standard drug for this purpose, or epoprostenol (n = 22). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: A significant drop in high blood pressure was regarded as a fall of 15 mmHg diastolic and 30 mmHg systolic blood pressure. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences in the antihypertensive effects between the two treatment groups. Epoprostenol infusion caused less tachycardia; the mean pulse rate changed from 81.77 beats/min, before treatment to 88.36 at stabilization, compared with a change from 80.96 beats/min to 102.68 in the group treated with dihydralazine (P = 0.0024). CONCLUSION: The place of epoprostenol in pregnancy might be in patients with severe hypertension and tachycardia and in those requiring acute control of severe hypertension on the operating table before general anaesthesia.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

The use of 16.16-dimethyl-PGE1-delta-methyl ester (Cervagem) vaginal pessaries for cervical dilatation prior to evacuation for second trimester termination.

The results of a study of 101 consecutive second trimester terminations by Dilatation and Evacuation (D & E) under ultrasound control is presented. All had a Cervagem pessary inserted into the vagina prior to the procedure. The PGE1 analogue was assessed as 'effective' in 97% of patients. Concomitant ultrasound resulted in no patient leaving the operating table with retained products. The high efficacy of the single pessary associated with a low incidence of side-effects makes this combination the method of choice for nearly all second trimester terminations.

Abortifacient Agents, Nonsteroidal↗
PubMed1998

Transillumination mapping prior to ambulatory phlebectomy.

BACKGROUND: Ambulatory phlebectomy (AP) for removal of varicose and reticular veins has become a very popular and widely used in-office outpatient technique over the past decade. One of the major obstacles of this or any other surgical vein removal technique is the technical difficulty presented to the surgeon by the disappearance of the veins to be removed when the patient is positioned horizontally on an operative table. Preoperative marking is therefore essential. OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether use of transillumination would facilitate and enhance marking of varicose veins prior to AP, we performed a study in which both traditional marking with the patient standing and transillumination marking with the patient horizontal were performed sequentially. METHODS: One hundred patients were sequentially examined prior to AP. The veins to be removed were mapped by the traditional way utilizing visual inspection and palpation in a standing position. They were then mapped in the supine or prone position utilizing a transillumination device specifically designed to enhance visualization of veins prior to venipuncture. RESULTS: In 100 out of 100 patients the markings performed using transillumination mapping most closely correlated with actual vein position during surgery. In addition, transillumination allowed for gauging of vein depth. CONCLUSIONS: Transillumination mapping significantly enhances the technique of ambulatory phlebectomy by more accurately visualizing the course of a varicose vein prior to extraction. Furthermore, sites for incisions or punctures are more accurately guided. As a result of this experience, it is now our routine practice to perform preoperative mapping for AP by transillumination in the horizontal position.

Ambulatory Surgical Procedures↗
PubMed1982

A method for temporary complete substitution of gas exchange function of the lung.

Total substitution of lung gas exchange function can be achieved by oxygenating all blood in a heart-lung machine and requires thoracotomy. In accordance with calculations based on physical principles, if extracorporeal oxygenation is combined with barometric pressure raised to 3 atm, half of the cardiac output will suffice to maintain normal blood oxygenation. Excessive amounts of oxygen dissolved in blood passed through an oxygenator will suffice for the total oxygenation of the rest of the blood. This assumption was investigated in 15 experiments on dogs and one human patient in a hyperbaric chamber. The bubble oxygenator and pneumatic membrane pumps were used. The results suggest that this method of total substitution of lung gas exchange function is feasible. This technique does not require thoracotomy and can be carried out on a patient in any position on the operating table. This method can be used during bronchoscopy treatment, lung lavage, and trachea surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Muscle- and pneumatic-powered counterpulsating LVADs: a pilot study.

There is a worldwide interest in supporting the failing heart with a skeletal muscle by either wrapping it around the natural heart (dynamic cardiomyoplasty) or by constructing a skeletal muscle ventricle (SMV) used for counterpulsation. Conventional cardiomyoplasty in many clinics carries an operative mortality rate of 15-20% partly because it requires 6 weeks to train the muscle to contract continually. A flexible, pear-shaped blood pump with an inflatable air chamber was designed and made around which a muscle can be wrapped. The advantage of our design is that it can also be driven by pneumatic power, immediately supporting the circulation of a seriously ill patient while that patient is still on the operating table. After a period of time to allow for revascularization and the subsequent training of the muscle, the external pneumatic power can be gradually discontinued. Then the assisted patient becomes tether-free. If, at any time, the muscle power fails, the pneumatic-powered mechanism can be reactivated. In the preferred approach, the blood pump is connected to the aorta for diastolic counterpulsation. A muscle can either be wrapped around the blood pump directly, or around one of two separate muscle pouches connected to the blood pump. To facilitate surgery, a large pouch is inserted under the musculus latissimus dorsi, which is connected to a blood pump. When stimulated, the muscle will contract over the pouch compressing it and providing power to the blood pump. If it is found that the pressure generated in the pouch cannot meet the aortic blood pressure, it can be augmented by using a pressure amplifier.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Left atrial-aortic/femoral bypass with a centrifugal pump without systemic heparin during surgery on the descending aorta.

Active or passive bypass to support the distal circulation during cross-clamping of the descending thoracic aorta has been reported to decrease the incidence of paraparesis, to reduce left ventricle afterload, and to preserve distal organ perfusion. The aim of this study was to describe and to evaluate a perfusion technique for surgery on the descending aorta in humans. Nine patients underwent surgery on the descending thoracic aorta. The left atrium was cannulated using a Carmeda bioactive surface cannula. Distal cannulation sites were the left common femoral artery or the aorta below the involved segment. The cannulae were connected to a BioMedicus centrifugal pump via Carmeda bioactive surface tubings and pump heads. No systemic heparin was used. Cross-clamp time was 51 +/- 6 min, and the pump flow was 2.3 +/- 0.2 L/min. The mean arterial pressure in the upper body was 81 +/- 4 mm Hg and 68 +/- 5 mm Hg in the lower. Seven patients were discharged from hospital. Two patients with aortic rupture died; one died on the operating table, and the other, neurologically intact, died 4 days postoperatively due to multiorgan failure. No patients suffered spinal cord injury. It is concluded that active bypass without systemic heparin during cross-clamping of the descending aorta is simple and safe.

Adult↗
PubMed1967

Body temperature responses in cats and rabbits to the monoamine oxidase inhibitor tranylcypromine.

1. In unanaesthetized cats tranylcypromine (1-10 mg/kg) had scarcely any effect on rectal temperature when injected intraperitoneally, yet such injections prevented the deep and long-lasting fall in rectal temperature which normally occurs when the cat is anaesthetized by intraperitoneal pentobarbitone sodium or intravenous chloralose. The anaesthesia itself, however, was not affected. In some of the experiments with pentobarbitone sodium rectal temperature even rose to fever level.2. In anaesthetized as well as in unanaesthetized cats injections of tranylcypromine (0.1-1 mg) into the cerebral ventricles caused a rise in rectal temperature.3. In rabbits, rectal temperature was scarcely affected when surgical anaesthesia was produced by intravenous infusions of pentobarbitone sodium under the same condition in which, in cats, intraperitoneal pentobarbitone sodium produced a deep and long-lasting fall in temperature, i.e. when no external heat was applied but excessive dissipation of heat was prevented by placing the rabbit on a cotton-wool pad. However, when it was placed on the metal surface of an operating table, the anaesthesia was associated with a deep fall in rectal temperature.5. In anaesthetized and unanaesthetized rabbits tranylcypromine had no effect on rectal temperature when injected intraperitoneally (10 mg/kg) or into the cerebral ventricles (1 mg).5. These results are discussed in relation to the theory that the three monoamines in the hypothalamus, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), adrenaline and noradrenaline, act as central transmitters in temperature regulation.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Intraoperative cone-beam CT for guidance of head and neck surgery: Assessment of dose and image quality using a C-arm prototype.

Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) with a flat-panel detector represents a promising modality for intraoperative imaging in interventional procedures, demonstrating sub-mm three-dimensional (3D) spatial resolution and soft-tissue visibility. Measurements of patient dose and in-room exposure for CBCT-guided head and neck surgery are reported, and the 3D imaging performance as a function of dose and other acquisition/reconstruction parameters is investigated. Measurements were performed on a mobile isocentric C-arm (Siemens PowerMobil) modified in collaboration with Siemens Medical Solutions (Erlangen, Germany) to provide flat-panel CBCT. Imaging dose was measured in a custom-built 16 cm cylindrical head phantom at four positions (isocenter, anterior, posterior, and lateral) as a function of kVp (80-120 kVp) and C-arm trajectory ("tube-under" and "tube-over" half-rotation orbits). At 100 kVp, for example ("tube-under" orbit), the imaging dose was 0.059 (isocenter), 0.022 (anterior), 0.10 (posterior), and 0.056 (lateral) mGy/ mAs, with scans at approximately 50 and approximately 170 mAs typical for visualization of bony and soft-tissue structures, respectively. Dose to radiosensitive structures (viz., the eyes and thyroid) were considered in particular: significant dose sparing to the eyes (a factor of 5) was achieved using a "tube-under" (rather than "tube-over") half-rotation orbit; a thyroid shield (0.5 mm Pb-equivalent) gave moderate reduction in thyroid dose due to x-ray scatter outside the primary field of view. In-room exposure was measured at positions around the operating table and up to 2 m from isocenter. A typical CBCT scan (10 mGy to isocenter) gave in-air exposure ranging from 29 mR (0.26 mSv) at 35 cm from isocenter, to <0.5 mR (<0.005 mSv) at 2 m from isocenter. Three-dimensional (3D) image quality was assessed in CBCT reconstructions of an anthropomorphic head phantom containing contrast-detail spheres (11-103 HU; 1.6-12.7 mm) and a natural human skeleton. The contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) was evaluated across a broad range of dose (0.6-23.3 mGy). CNR increased as the square root of dose, with excellent visualization of bony and soft-tissue structures achieved at approximately 3 mGy (0.10 mSv) and approximately 10 mGy (0.35 mSv), respectively. The prototype C-arm demonstrates CBCT image quality sufficient for guidance of head and neck procedures based on soft-tissue and bony anatomy at dose levels low enough for repeat intraoperative imaging, with total dose over the course of the procedure comparable to or less than the effective dose of a typical (2 mSv) diagnostic CT of the head.

Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation↗
PubMed1990

Artificial maintenance of the relative ocular tissue pressure during eye surgery.

We describe an operating table in which the whole patient, apart from the eye undergoing surgery, is enclosed in a caisson within which the barometric pressure can be lowered at any time during surgery. This increases the effect of atmospheric pressure on the eye, enabling 'open sky' surgery to be carried out on patients of any age.

Atmospheric Pressure↗
PubMed1973

Cubital tunnel external compression syndrome.

External compression of the cubital tunnel comprises the acute and subacute forms of ulnar nerve compression at the elbow. Subacute compression is often seen in hospital practice and sometimes results in partial crippling of the hand. Prognosis for complete recovery is poor. Avoidance of a position of the elbow which predisposes to external compression of the ulnar nerve within the cubital tunnel is advised when a patient is on the operating table, in bed or in an armchair. Prolonged severe elbow flexion in these circumstances should also be avoided. The patient suffering from the syndrome should be instructed to avoid further pressure so that worsening of the palsy is minimized. A compressed nerve is likely to be more sensitive than a normal nerve to ischaemia produced by subsequent pressure. Surgical treatment is sometimes indicated at least to halt progression of the palsy.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2005

RealSpot: software validating results from DNA microarray data analysis with spot images.

The spot images from DNA microarray highly affect the discovery of biological knowledge from gene expression data. However, results from quality analysis, normalization, differential expression, and cluster analysis are rarely validated with spot images in current data analysis methods or software packages. We designed RealSpot, a software package, to validate the results by directly associating spot quality and data with spot images in a spreadsheet table. RealSpot splits hybridization images into individual spots stored in a spreadsheet table. It subsequently associates microarray data with spot images and performs data validation through the standard table operation such as sorting, searching, and editing. RealSpot has several built-in functions to facilitate data validation, including spot quality analysis, data organization, one-way ANOVA, gene ontology association, verification, import, and export. We used RealSpot to evaluate 77 slides (30,000 features each) from real hybridization experiments and to validate results from each step of data analysis. It took approximately 10 min to validate results of spot quality after initial evaluation and correct approximately 0.3% of falsely assigned qualities of 10,000 spots. We validated 1,641 of 2,110 differentially expressed genes identified by SAM analysis in approximately 1/2 h by comparing each gene with its respective spot image. Furthermore, we found that 6 of 48 genes in one cluster from k-mean clustering method showed inconsistent trends of spot images. RealSpot is efficient for validating microarray results and thus helpful for improving the reliability of the whole microarray experiment for experimentalists.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1998

Standardized technique of laparoscopic surgery in the rat.

The evolution of advanced laparoscopic techniques requires animal models for instrument development, evaluation of the physiopathological correlation and physician training. Selection of surgical models is primarily based on cost, availability, anatomic and physiologic considerations, and housing and anesthetic methods. The use of large animals is becoming increasingly difficult due to restrictive legislation, public concern, and economic factors. A standardized technique of laparoscopic surgery in the rat has been developed to perform procedures in all abdominal regions including fundoplication, splenectomy, nephrectomy, liver resection, herniorraphy, colotomy, colectomy, and retroperitoneal exploration. The equipment consists of a specially designed small animal operating table, a standard arthroscope and micro-instruments. The rat model gives the opportunity to investigate the physiopathological relations and immune functions of laparoscopic procedures, to develop micro-instruments under realistic conditions of a live organism, and it is an excellent training model especially for pediatric and microsurgery. Besides low costs and easy availability, the rat model requires less logistic and financial efforts.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Paramedian extraperitoneal approach for combined nephrectomy and augmentation ureterocystoplasty in children with neurovesical dysfunction.

OBJECTIVES: We describe and evaluate our approach to combined nephrectomy and augmentation ureterocystoplasty using a single paramedian extraperitoneal incision. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Three patients with neurogenic bladders (2 posterior urethral valves and 1 myelodysplasia) underwent nephrectomy and augmentation ureterocystoplasty. The mean age of the patients was 4.6+/-1.5 years. The indications for the procedure included control of urinary incontinence or preservation and stabilization of renal function. RESULTS: The integrity of the peritoneal cavity was easily preserved throughout the procedure using a paramedian incision. No complications were encountered in these patients. Early postoperative resumption of normal diet and activity was noted in all patients. CONCLUSION: The paramedian extraperitoneal approach through a single incision provides the advantages seen with other extraperitoneal techniques combining two incisions. The single paramedian incision has the potential to save on operative time and obviates the need to change the patient's position on the operating table while under anesthesia. Furthermore, the paramedian extraperitoneal approach provides the reconstructive surgeon with the chance to convert the procedure into a transperitoneal technique to incorporate bowel segments in order to complement ureterocystoplasty.

Child↗