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At least 739 records · Page 41Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

[Peribulbar anaesthesia for strabismus surgery].

BACKGROUND: Strabismus surgery is underwent with general anaesthesia since it's a paediatric surgery in the majority of cases. The aim of our study is to analyse the safety and tolerance of peribulbar anaesthesia for strabismus surgery. PATIENTS AND METHODS: sixty two patients underwent strabismus surgery with a peribulbar anaesthesia. All patients had premedication the evening before and two hours bef6re the surgery. All patients were examined to evaluate the efficacy and the safety of such anaesthesia. RESULTS: The main age was 31,5 years. Forty patients were female and twenty two were male. None had report pain. Three patients report just incomfort during surgery. Orthoptic results were acceptable. CONCLUSION: Peribulbar anaesthesia has shown to be an effective alternative for general anaesthesia for strabismus surgery in an attempt to reduce the morbidity and mortality. It take importance particularly in patients of high-risk characteristics and in monocular surgery.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

[Own experience in the treatment of patients with orbital blow-out fracture].

UNLABELLED: The aim of the paper is to present long-term experience in multidisciplinary treatment of, patients with orbital blowout fracture (OBF). MATERIAL AND METHODS: from 1971 to 2003, 344 patients, including 148 children, with OBF were treated. Diagnostics comprised of ophthalmologic examination, including instrumental methods and radiology. Treatment comprised of primary reconstruction of the orbit, orthoptic rehabilitation and in cases of failure eye muscle surgery or prismatic correction. The aim of primary reconstruction of the orbit was to restore full passive motility of the eyeball and reconstruction of orbital bones. RESULTS: recovery was obtained in 40.1% of patients, marked improvement in 29.4% and improvement in 27.3% of patients. CONCLUSIONS: Surgical treatment of patients with OBF is indicated in patients with persistent diplopia concomitant with restricted passive eyeball motility.

Child↗
PubMed1979

[The possibility of walking in the paralysed of the lower limbs (author's transl)].

The authors have studied the possibility of walking after rehabilitation and bracing in the paralysed of the lower limbs, it is variable with aetiological factors and age of patients. In children, walking after bracing is almost always indicated-it should be discussed case after case in adults. The authors analyse the role of different types of braces such as pneumatic braces and orthoptic systems using electrical stimulation. Some views on the future are exposed.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

The prevalence of specific reading disability in an amblyopic population. A preliminary report.

PURPOSE: To investigate the prevalence of specific reading disability in children with functional amblyopia and to explore the relationship between the two. METHODS: In this prospective study, 20 consecutive children, aged 6 to 15 years (mean 8 +/-1.99 years), and diagnosed with amblyopia underwent a vision and reading assessment. The orthoptic examination included the assessment of participants' visual acuity, ocular motility and binocular functions. Specific reading disability was diagnosed using the Wide Range Achievement Test (WRAT III Reading Subtest). Intelligence, phonological awareness, rapid automatized naming (RAN), and the ability to read pseudo or nonsense words was also assessed using various psycho-linguistic reading tests. RESULTS: The prevalence of specific reading disability in this small series of amblyopic children was found to be 5% (n=1/20). This was even less than that reported in the local Victoria general population (16%). The type of amblyopia appeared related to phonological awareness (p=0.018) and decoding words (p=0.024), those with anisometropic amblyopia performing significantly better on these tasks than the strabismic amblyopes. The presence of binocular vision functions was also related to decoding words; those with binocular single vision performed better than those with suppression and lacking single binocular vision (p=0.007). Generally, amblyopic children also showed a lower RAN score when compared to phonological awareness score. There was no statistically significant difference for the severity of amblyopia (p=>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In this very small pilot series, reading disorders were relatively rare in children with amblyopia. However, strabismic amblyopia and presence of suppression may have an adverse effect on phonological skills. In addition, amblyopia may be associated with a deficit in RAN. Further research is needed and planned to gain a better understanding about the relationship between amblyopia and reading ability.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Ocular morbidity among children studying in private schools of Kathmandu valley: A prospective cross sectional study.

A prospective cross sectional study of students of two private schools was done and students were screened in detail. A total of 1816 students aged 5 to 16 years were evaluated, out of which 52.8% were males and 47.2 % were females. Among the total, 65.8% had no ocular abnormalities and 34.2% had some form of ocular disorders. Refractive error was the commonest problem seen accounting for 21.9% out of total, followed by infective disorders, which accounted for 7.2%, 3.5% of them were noted to have Orthoptic problem including various types of strabismus, 2.2% were color blind, 2.6% were found to have various other disorders. The prevalence of refractive error among private school children seems to be higher. Color blindness also seems to be prevalent among these children. This kind of school screening would help in detecting the eye problems timely and thus would reduce the ocular morbidity as well as prevent children from going blind unnecessarily.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

[Retinopathy of prematurity--functional and structural outcome in children treated with diode laser photocoagulation].

AIM: To present the long-term structural and functional outcome of children treated with diode laser for retinopathy of prematurity. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of six premature babies (12 eyes) in whom diode laser treatment was performed for acute retinopathy were followed up. The mean birth weight was 1185.0 +/- 309.6 g and mean gestational age was 28.5 +/- 1.87 weeks. Long term follow-up (18 to 41 months) included retinal examination, refractive status of the eye, and orthoptic evaluation: strabismus, amblyopia and nystagmus assessment. RESULTS: Unfavorable structural outcome was detected in five eyes of six children (5/12 eyes, 41.7%). If only the eyes in no higher than threshold stage (3+) according to surgery records were taken in consideration (6/12 eyes), therapy resulted in favorable structural outcome in all six (100%) eyes. The mean spherical equivalent refractive error was -2.27 +/- 2.03 D (range -6.0 to +0.50 D). Profound amblyopia of one eye was found in five of six study children, and was invariably accompanied by heterotropia of the amblyopic eye: deviation in eso direction in three cases, and exodeviation and hypertropia in one case each. Nystagmus was present in four of six (66.6%) patients. All six children used vision as a dominant sense in space orientation and communication. CONCLUSION: Diode laser therapy is a successful method in stopping and reversing the clinical course of severe retinopathy of prematurity, however only if timely implemented. The availability of this treatment modality in Croatia would significantly improve the structural and functional outcome of children with retinopathy.

Female↗
PubMed2006

Persistent diplopia and strabismus after cataract surgery under local anesthesia.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Diplopia is an infrequent complication described for retrobulbar local anesthesia. The objective of this study is to report the clinical characteristics and treatments for this surgical complication. METHODS: Retrospective study of medical records. PERIOD: 5.3 years ending February 2005. During this period, 20453 cataract surgeries were performed. The anesthesia used was retrobulbar block with ropivacaine diluted with hyaluronidase. Nineteen patients reported diplopia due to strabismus after the cataract surgical procedure and were referred for evaluation at the Extrinsic Ocular Motility Department. RESULTS: Persistent diplopia after cataract surgery occurred in 19 (0.093%) of the 20453 cases. The types of deviations found were: exotropia (n=3), esotropia (n=5), hypertropia (n=1), exotropia + hypertropia (n=5) and esotropia + hypertropia (n=5). Small deviations and dysfunction of the lateral rectus muscles were most commonly seen. Prism was applied to 4 patients, eye muscle surgery was the option in 8 patients, orthoptic treatment was performed in 3 patients and for 2 patients the decision was to only observe progress. Overall, binocular vision was restored in eleven of the nineteen patients. CONCLUSIONS: Persistent diplopia due to strabismus is an infrequent complication after cataract surgery with retrobulbar block. Etiology of this disorder of extrinsic ocular motility is variable, including mixed components. We stress the importance of adequate preoperative history of strabismus and evaluation of extrinsic ocular motility. Considering the reported incidence of this problem is as high as one in 25 cataract surgeries, one should advise the patient of the possibility of persistent postoperative diplopia and the possible need for surgical intervention and/or prism to treat the symptoms.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[En bloc transplantation of liver, stomach, pancreas and small intestine in an infant. Apropos of a case].

The now common practice of joint kidney and pancreas or heart or lung transplantation is being completed by other combinations. This is shown by our case of en bloc liver-pancreas-stomach-duodenum-small bowel transplantation in an 18-month-old infant with small bowen atresia complicated by biliary cirrhosis secondary to total parenteral feeding, after the failure of an intraperitoneal visceral transplant at 1 year of age. The graft was taken from an 8-year-old donor and was not pretreated. Being made of the whole intraperitoneal visceral mass, it had to be adapted to the recipient's size by ex vivo exeresis of the right liver, of the spleen, of the terminal ileon and of the colon. Following intraperitoneal visceral exenteration in the recipient, the graft was inserted in an orthoptic position with a digestive reconstruction by esogastric anastomosis and terminal ileostomy. Immunosuppression combined steroids, azathioprine, ciclosporine, and the biological and immunological follow-up regarded the hepatic and pancreatic functions. The intestinal graft was controlled by repeated biopsies through the stomy. Rectal biopsies and lymphocyte typing in the peripheral blood allowed watching for the occurrence of a possible graft-versus-host disease. The outcome was marked by the persistence of massive lymphorrhea during three months and severe central neurological disorders caused by the difficulties to adapt the level of ciclosporine. The hepatic and pancreatic functions became normal within a few days, and the intestinal function allowed progressively suppressing parenteral feeding.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Humans↗
PubMed1991

A study of amblyopia in 18-19 year old males.

During a vision screening of 6,556 National Service pre-enlistees aged 18-19 years at the Medical Classification Centre of Central Manpower Base, 48 subjects were found to have visual acuity of 6/12 or less in one or both eyes in the absence of ocular pathology. The prevalence of amblyopia in this population is 0.73%. Amblyopia was due to anisometropia in 24 cases (50%), strabismus in 9 cases (18.7%), high astigmatism (meridional) in 7 cases (14.5%) and other causes or a combination of factors in 8 cases (16.7%). Strabismic amblyopia is most commonly associated with esotropia. There is a positive association between the severity of amblyopia and the degree of strabismus in strabismic amblyopes. Meridional amblyopia tends to be less severe than most other types of amblyopia. The amblyopes were detected late (average 7-10 years of age) and orthoptic treatment of a small minority of them upon diagnosis was unsuccessful.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Assessment of myocardial metabolic state after hypothermic heart preservation for transplantation utilizing radioiodinated free fatty acid imaging.

Myocardial turnover of 15-p-iodo(123I)-phenylpentadecanoic acid (123I-IPPA) was assessed in 14 swine experiments before and after orthotopic heart transplantation. Two preservation techniques were used: simple hypothermic storage (group 1; n = 7) and a perfusion technique (group 2; n = 7) with pressure maintained at 28 cm H2O (20 mm Hg) and a myocardial temperature of 8 to 10 degrees C. Hearts in both groups were initially perfused with hypothermic isosmolar potassium cardioplegic solution to acquire immediate diastolic arrest. The perfusate in group 2 was an extracellular formulation supplemented with glucose, mannitol, insulin, and oxygen. The ischemic interval for both groups was 6 hours including orthoptic transplantation. Pretransplant and posttransplant planar gamma imaging was performed using 3 to 5 mCi 123I-IPPA. Fatty acid turnover was assessed using time-activity curves analyzed by monoexponential least squares curve fitting generating t1/2 (half-lives in minutes). Increases in t1/2 were observed in hearts of both groups after transplantation, that is, lateral (290% +/- 72% and 104% +/- 49% increase, p = 0.03), septal (140% +/- 34% and 39% +/- 29% increase, p = 0.02), and apical (273% +/- 111% and 133% +/- 44% increase, p = 0.06) walls within groups 1 and 2, respectively. We conclude that 123I-IPPA turnover is useful in assessing the immediate metabolic state of posttransplant myocardium. It can also be concluded that preservation techniques based on continuous hypothermic perfusion are better able to maintain normal metabolic substrate utilization immediately after transplantation than are simple hypothermic storage techniques.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Functional vision disorders after head injuries].

The authors present the results of multilateral orthoptic examinations performed in 72 persons who suffered an injury to the head. They present the signs of a "subjective posttraumatic syndrome". The patients have been divided into 3 groups in dependence of the severity of the trauma. The first group (light injuries) did not show any substantial changes, the 2-d and 3-d group exhibited an increase of the physiological exophoria as well as disturbances of convergence. There was also a lowering of the relationship between the convergence accommodation and accommodation caused by a decrease of the accommodative convergence. The patients showed also an increase or reversal of the relationship divergence--convergence.

Accommodation, Ocular↗
PubMed1990

[The clinical picture and treatment of dissociated vertical strabismus].

The paper describes clinical picture of a special form of oculomotor pathology--dissociated vertical squint characterized by vertical deviation into different directions, a different value of vertical deviation in abduction-adduction, a forced position of the head, infrequently--pseudoptosis of the upper lid of the downwards deviated eye, normal or slightly reduced visual acuity. The approach of surgical treatment is described. A stage-by-stage surgical treatment in 125 patients resulted into elimination of deviation in 67.2% of cases, restoration of normal binocular vision at different distances in 23.2%, binocular vision for near in 11.2% of patients. Orthoptic-diploptic treatment is shown to be expedient in patients with periodically small (to 8 degrees) angles of dissociated vertical squint, leading to restoration of binocular vision in 54.4% of patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[The physical and clinical eye refraction of preschoolers and young schoolchildren].

Physical and clinical eye refraction was studied in 608 children aged from 3 to 12 years. The formation of refraction of the eye at the time of its growth is based on correlative connexions between anatomo-optic parameters and between refractive media themselves. Spherical and astigmatic refraction are determined by refractive media having, in their most part, astigmatism. In the period of the growth of the eye, its physical and clinical refraction changes. To prevent a fall of visual functions and disturbances in the musculo-accommodative system of the eye, early optic correction of ametropia is recommended and, if indicated, pleoptic-orthoptic treatment.

Aging↗
PubMed1990

Duane's retraction syndrome.

Duane's retraction syndrome (DRS) is a congenital abnormality of ocular motility that occurs in about 1% of strabismic patients. Three types have been described and the clinical features include incomitant horizontal strabismus, restricted motility and globe retraction. Head turn, upshoot or downshoot of the adducted eye, and bilaterality may occasionally be present. Since strabismus is invariably present in DRS, careful assessment of extraocular motility should be performed on all children with a suspected or confirmed eye turn. Early diagnosis may save practitioners and parents hours of time and financial investment with orthoptic and surgical management attempts. A case of DRS is presented.

Duane Retraction Syndrome↗
PubMed1990

Fractures of the forearm and elbow.

Fractures of the forearm in the athletic population can often result in significant dysfunction if they are not treated correctly. Conservative management of these injuries is often fraught with difficulty. We review current techniques of internal fixation with the goal of allowing the athlete to begin early functional rehabilitation and eventual return to participation. With these goals in mind, functional orthoptic management is also reviewed. In addition, recommendations for allowing full participation are given, as well as eventual hardware removal.

Athletic Injuries↗
PubMed1990

Pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis after organ transplantation.

Pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis (PCI) is a rare disorder of undetermined etiology which is associated with various medical and gastrointestinal conditions. Fewer than 50 cases of PCI occurring after organ transplantation have been reported in the transplant and surgical literature. All have occurred either after bone marrow, kidney, or liver transplantation. The etiology remains obscure but proposed factors include pretransplantation chemotherapy and radiotherapy, immunosuppressive therapy, graft-versus-host disease, opportunistic enteric infections, and a sympathetic reaction from an adjacent inflamed allograft. The patients are often mildly symptomatic, and asymptomatic pneumoperitoneum is seen not infrequently. If the patient does not have a serious underlying illness, then the prognosis is good, with spontaneous resolution occurring in most cases. We report the first case of PCI occurring after an orthoptic cardiac transplantation, and extensively review the literature of PCI occurring in the setting of organ transplantation. We conclude that PCI is often a benign and self-limited condition in this setting, and morbidity is usually related to another complication of transplantation. Even the presence of pneumoperitoneum usually is not associated with peritonitis, and most cases of PCI can be managed conservatively.

Cardiomyopathy, Dilated↗
PubMed1989

[Asthenopia and objective ophthalmological findings in a population of 2058 VDT operators in Lombardy].

A large population of 2058 VDT operators from all compartments in Lombardia of a large national company was studied. An "ergophthalmological" questionnaire was administered to all subjects, followed by an ophthalmological-orthoptic examination. Ametropias showed a prevalence of 51.9%; the most common refractive defect was myopia followed by astigmatism and hyperopia. Heterophorias with bad or mediocre compensation had a prevalence of 4.1 and 11% respectively. The study of symptoms showed a frequency of 23.5% of intense asthenopic complaints and 21.1% of less severe and less frequent symptomatology. Asthenopia was significantly correlated (chi square) with sex, VDT exposure, refraction, presbyopia, and decompensated heterophorias.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Bladder cancer: deciding on appropriate surgery.

Over the last 40 years the role of surgery in the management of bladder cancer has evolved from being the only treatment option to part of a multimodality approach which utilizes intravesical and systemic chemotherapy. Throughout this evolution, surgery has remained the mainstay of staging and treatment. Currently, conservative bladder-sparing endoscopic surgery is possible in patients with superficial bladder cancer, and continent cutaneous or orthoptic diversions are improving the quality of life in many patients who require a radical cystectomy. Unfortunately, surgery alone is insufficient to cure advanced stages of bladder cancer. Continued research in systemic chemotherapy is necessary to significantly improve long-term survival rates.

Humans↗