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At least 739 records · Page 41Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

The prognosis of idiopathic optic neuritis.

We evaluated the risk of developing clinically definite multiple sclerosis (CDMS) after acute isolated optic neuritis in 102 patients in a follow-up study (duration 6.5 +/- 2.0 years). The probability of CDMS was 13% after 2 years, 30% after 4 years, 38% after 6 years, and 49% after 8 and 10 years. CDMS occurred in 42 (59%) of 71 patients with brain lesions detected with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). No patient with normal MRI exam developed the disease. Patients with 3 or more MRI-detected lesions presented a shorter first interattack interval and a higher relapse rate compared to subjects with only 1 or 2 lesions. The predictive value of CSF examination and of evoked potentials was poor.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Low conversion rate to multiple sclerosis in idiopathic optic neuritis patients in Taiwan.

PURPOSE: To investigate the clinical characteristics of patients with idiopathic optic neuritis (ON) in Taiwan and to assess the conversion rate to multiple sclerosis (MS) in these patients. METHODS: We studied the medical records of a total of 109 patients with a clinical diagnosis of idiopathic ON treated in the Taipei Veterans General Hospital during the period from January 1986 to May 2003. Clinical characteristics, management, and disease courses were retrospectively reviewed. Our main focus was on the development of multiple sclerosis after an ON attack. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to evaluate the risk indicators for MS conversion. RESULTS: The patients (58 women, 51 men) had a mean age of 41.2 years at onset. ON was retrobulbar in 46.8% of the patients. Management with or without pulse therapy did not affect the final visual outcome. Female sex, retrobulbar type ON, recurrent cases, elevated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) IgG index, and central nervous system (CNS) imaging abnormalities were identified as risk indicators for the development of MS (P < 0.05). The 2-year cumulative probability of developing MS was 5.92%, and the 5-year cumulative probability was 14.28%. The conversion rate to MS did not differ among treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS: Idiopathic ON patients in Taiwan have an older age at onset and a higher percentage of optic disc edema than reported in previous literature. The characteristic features of ON patients associated with a high risk of developing MS are female sex, retrobulbar type ON, CNS imaging abnormalities, elevated CSF IgG index, and recurrence. Idiopathic ON patients in Taiwan display a significantly lower conversion rate to MS.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Early relapse in multiple sclerosis-associated optic neuritis following the use of interferon beta-1a in Chinese patients.

PURPOSE: The incidence of multiple sclerosis (MS) is relatively rare in Chinese. The beneficial effect of interferon beta-1a in modifying the disease course of MS has been rarely analyzed in Chinese patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical response to interferon beta1-a in Chinese patients with MS-associated optic neuritis (ON). METHODS: A retrospective case control study was conducted in 20 MS patients with optic nerve involvement. The interferon (IF) group comprised ten patients receiving interferon beta-1a. The noninterferon (NIF) group comprised another ten MS patients with optic nerve involvement who did not receive interferon treatment. The clinical characteristics, laboratory data, management, and disease course were retrospectively analyzed. The main outcomes of the study were the annualized relapse rate (ARR) for MS, and final visual outcome data. RESULTS: The ARR did not differ between the pretreatment period and the posttreatment period within the IF group. There was also no significant decrease of ARR in the IF group when compared with the NIF group. However, we observed an early recurrence of ON in 50% of the IF cases following the use of interferon beta-1a. The final visual outcome did not differ between the IF group and the NIF group. CONCLUSIONS: The use of interferon beta-1a should be carefully monitored because early relapse of ON may complicate the treatment course in this patient group.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

The effect of contrast reduction on pattern-reversal VEPs in suspected multiple sclerosis and optic neuritis.

A retrospective study was conducted to investigate whether the use of low-contrast stimuli in addition to the standard high-contrast stimuli would increase the sensitivity of the pattern-reversal P100 when testing for multiple sclerosis (MS) and optic neuritis (ON). We found that there was a statistically significant increase in the number of abnormal results when using 25' checks, but not for 50' checks. Examination of patient records showed that VEP abnormalities to low-contrast stimuli only was not prognostic for subsequent development of multiple sclerosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pattern VEP alterations in psoriatic patients may indicate a sub clinic optic neuritis.

We examined 44 subject (Group A) of both sexes (27 males and 17 females) aging between 16 and 80 (average: 45+/-16.6), divided into age bands, affected by mild-medium psoriasis with PASI (psoriasis area and severity index) between 1.2 and 48.6 (average: 11.2+/-9.7) without any other disease and we performed pattern transient VEP (Visual Evoked Potential) at the frequencies usually used in clinical experience (73', 36', 18' check size). For a good statistic comparison we choose 55 healthy subjects (group B) divided into age bands on which we performed the same test. Comparison of VEP parameters between psoriatic and healthy subjects, showed in group A 10 normal (22.7%) and 34 pathological (77.3%). In the latter group there are 16 subjects who show only a P100 reduced amplitude (36.3%), 3 with only increased latency (6.8%), 15 with alterations of both values (34%). The achieved data show that more than 3/4 of group A subjects have VEP alterations as index of the presence of a sub clinic optic neuritis with a probably toxic autoimmune origin due to the action of TNFalpha, of IgG, of ECP or of other cytokines (IL6, IL7, etc) that are increased in the blood of this patients. The electro physiologic monitoring of optic nerve seems to represent a good routine test to evaluate the global conditions of psoriatic patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Optic neuritis complicating west nile virus meningitis in a young adult.

A case of West Nile virus (WNV) infection with meningitis and optic neuritis in a 28-year-old man is presented. The patient had a number of unusual clinical and laboratory findings that broadened the differential diagnosis. The emergence of WNV infection in southern Europe and North America calls for increased awareness of physicians to this clinical entity.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Visual parameters associated with recovered retrobulbar optic neuritis.

Visual acuity, color vision, pupillary reaction, induced Pulfrich phenomenon, kinetic fields, static fields, afterimage testing, and ophthalmoscopic evaluation were studied in nine patients with a history of retrobulbar neuritis. The most consistently reliable test for determining the presence of an old optic nerve defect in these patients was meridional 0 to 180 degrees static perimetry. There was a uniform decrease in brightness discrimination to either side of the foveal peak.

Accommodation, Ocular↗
PubMed1980

Optic neuritis and systemic lymphoma.

A 26-year-old man with stage IV poorly differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma complained of visual loss of two weeks' duration. Examination revealed visual acuity of light perception in the right eye secondary to optic neuritis and other tests revealed the presence of lymphomatous leptomeningeal infiltration. Combined treatment with intrathecal methotrexate, prednisone, and whole brain radiation resulted in rapid long-lasting recovery of visual function of the right eye. The cerebrospinal fluid contained a large amount of thymus-derived lymphocytes and the subsequent clinical course observed with characteristic of T-cell or malignant lymphoblastic lymphoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Computed tomographic features in optic neuritis.

A computed tomography scan obtained in two patients with monocular visual loss showed diffuse enlargement and enhancement of the intraorbital portion of the involved optic nerve. Although these tomographic features were initially interpreted as an optic nerve glioma by the neuroradiologist, the ensuing clinical course established the diagnosis of optic neuritis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Autoimmune retrobulbar optic neuritis.

Three patients, all women, ranging in age from 26 to 44 years, had acute retrobulbar neuritis and laboratory evidence of a collagen vascular disorder. These patients were treated with intravenously administered "pulse" methylprednisolone, and visual acuity recovered in three of four involved eyes. Continued oral administration of prednisone and other immunosuppressive drugs was necessary to maintain vision.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Idiopathic inflammatory perioptic neuritis simulating optic nerve sheath meningioma.

Between 1976 and 1982, we examined 13 patients with clinical and radiographic findings consistent with optic nerve sheath meningioma. All patients had visual loss, evidence of optic nerve dysfunction, centrocecal visual field defects, and echographic and computed tomographic evidence of optic nerve or sheath enlargement. All underwent surgery for biopsy or excision of their presumed tumors. However, adequate histologic sampling of all lesions failed to demonstrate meningioma in four patients; two of these four showed inflammatory infiltration of the dural sheath, whereas the other two showed only edematous or dense fibrous tissue. There was no evidence of other systemic disease in any of these cases. We conclude that optic nerve or sheath enlargement, probably induced by an idiopathic inflammatory perioptic neuritis, may simulate a sheath meningioma. Proper diagnosis requires biopsy confirmation.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Allergic neuritis: phospholipid requirement for the disease-inducing conformation of the P2 protein.

The P2 protein, a small, highly ordered basic protein of peripheral nerve myelin, is a potent inducer of allergic neuritis in rats when complexed with phospholipids such as phosphatidylserine. Isolated P2 protein administered without lipid is a poor neuritogen, and if first oxidized with performic acid, aminoethylated in 8 M urea or heat denatured, it loses nearly all activity. When the aminoethylated or oxidized forms are combined with phosphatidylserine, however, they recover essentially full neuritogenic activity. Complexing with lipid also greatly enhances the activity of the heart denatured form. Spleen cells sensitized to the aminoethylated and heated forms of P2 protein show a pronounced mitogenic response to either of these forms as well as to the P2 protein itself, but only when sensitization is initiated with the lipid complex. These data indicate that the lipid complex reverses the distortion acquired by chemical treatment or denaturation and converts the P2 molecule into a conformation approximating that of the native P2 protein in myelin. These studies imply that the neuritogenic domain, while highly sensitive to denaturing conditions, requires interaction with phospholipids in order to attain the most favourable conformation for inducing a cell-mediated response that leads to disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Experimental allergic neuritis. I. Rat strain differences in the response to bovine myelin antigens.

Strain differences among rats to the induction and severity of experimental allergic neuritis (EAN) in response to whole PNS myelin were observed. Lewis rats were highly susceptible and developed severe EAN without central nervous system lesions (EAE), while Brown Norway rats were most resistant. Wistar, Sprague-Dawley, and Buffalo rats were susceptible but developed less severe disease than Lewis rats. Only Lewis rats consistantly developed EAN in response to isolated P2 protein. The severity of EAN was enhanced by treatment of the P2 with mercaptoethanol prior to injection. None of the strains developed EAN in response to galactocerebroside and none developed the lesions of EAE in response to any of the bovine myelin antigens tested. Myelin protein profiles from these rat strains were similar which suggests that factors other than target tissue differences, such as genetically determined immune responses to bovine myelin antigens, must be involved in these differing responses.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Experimental allergic neuritis in the Lewis rat: characterization of the activity of peripheral myelin and its major basic protein,P2.

Experimental allergic neuritis has been produced in the inbred Lewis rat in the absence of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) using bovine intradural root myelin. The lack of EAE is probably because P1 is only weakly encephalitogenic in the rat. One of the basic proteins of bovine peripheral myelin, P2, was isolated and demonstrated to be pure by amino acid analysis and SDS PAGE. It was found to have a molecular weight of 15,400 and contained 4 mol 1/2-cystine/mol. This P2 was found to be highly neuritogenic and is probably the sole neuritogenic antigen in this system. The successful demonstration of its neuritogenicity must be due in large part to the use of the inbred Lewis rat and bovine P2, but an explanation could also involve the omission of denaturing organic solvents, the prevention of oxidative denaturation and presumably the fact that any changes which may occur are not sufficient to prevent recognition of the active site by the immune system of the inbred Lewis rat. P2 was neuritogenic down to 5 micrograms/animal. Its activity was enhanced by but not dependent on the presence of Mycobacterium in the adjuvant. This suggested that release of P2 could possibly break tolerance and produce an auto-immune disease such as the Guillain--Barre syndrome.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1983

Prevention of experimental allergic neuritis in the Lewis rat with bovine P2 protein.

Protective doses of bovine P2 protein (5, 15 or 50 micrograms) in incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA) were administered to Lewis rats and were followed 2, 4 or 10 weeks later by challenging doses of either 250 micrograms bovine P2 or 2.5 mg bovine PNS myelin in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). Protection from experimental allergic neuritis (EAN) could be achieved with a single dose of 5 micrograms of P2 in IFA. There was little difference between prophylactic 5 micrograms and 15 micrograms doses of P2. The degree of protection depended upon the interval between protective innoculation and challenge. Protection was partial at 2 weeks and maximal at 4 weeks at which time there was complete protection against P2-induced EAN and less complete protection from myelin-induced disease. Complete protection at 4 weeks from myelin-induced EAN was achieved with a 50 micrograms dose. Protection lasted for at least 10 weeks (the longest interval assessed) and was complete with respect to P2-induced EAN. Partial protection was observed in myelin-challenged animals after 10 weeks with the level of protection greater than that observed after 2 weeks.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Complement depletion suppresses Lewis rat experimental allergic neuritis.

Lewis rats immunized with myelin and complete Freund's adjuvant were treated with cobra venom factor (CVF) which depletes the C3 component of complement. CVF given at day 9 delayed the onset of experimental allergic neuritis (EAN) by 2-3 days and when given at days 9 and 12 delayed the onset of EAN by 4-5 days. Lumbar nerve roots of CVF-treated rats had significantly less demyelination than those from control EAN rats.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Suppression of P2-T cell line-mediated experimental autoimmune neuritis by interleukin-2 receptor targeted monoclonal antibody ART 18.

The monoclonal antibody ART 18 directed to the rat interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2 R) was administered to Lewis rats immediately prior to and/or on consecutive days after adoptive transfer of autoreactive P2-T line lymphocytes. The effects of ART 18 and sham treatment on the development of adoptive transfer--experimental autoimmune neuritis (AT-EAN) were assessed by clinical inspection, serial electrophysiological monitoring, and semiquantitative histomorphological analysis. Early injection of ART 18 suppressed AT-EAN while treatment after appearance of clinical signs did not. Since the IL-2 R is expressed exclusively on proliferating T cells activated by antigen, the in vivo application of an IL-2 R-targeted monoclonal antibody allows for more selective immunosuppression of experimental autoimmune disease of the peripheral nervous system than has previously been achieved.

Animals↗