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PubMed1994

Brain drain or links to the world: views on emigrants from Singapore.

"This article will present a general picture of emigration and emigrants from Singapore, with specific references to Australia where the data permit. The first section presents some flow data on the magnitudes of emigration from Singapore.... It is necessary to place this outflow against the background of the constraints imposed by the country's small size. This is discussed in the second section, together with the economic policies and strategies adopted to overcome these constraints. The third section documents the public debate on emigration and the responses to the 'problem.' This is followed in the last section by a prognosis for the future, particularly with regard to the implications for Australia. The article ends with a discussion of the relationship between emigration and nation building, using Singapore as a case study."

Asia↗
PubMed1997

Immigration reform and the browning of America: tensions, conflicts and community instability in metropolitan Los Angeles.

"Tensions, conflicts, and community instability associated with heightened immigration--especially of nonwhite immigrant groups--threaten to balkanize America. This article highlights the root causes of the growing opposition to both immigrants and U.S. immigration policy--the nativist backlash, presents a typology of the community-level conflicts that have arisen as a consequence of heightened immigration--legal and illegal--to the United States over the last 30 years, and outlines the conditions under which diversity can be brought to the forefront as one of society's strengths.... The 1992 Los Angeles County Social Survey (LACSS)...provides insights into the nature and magnitude of intergroup stereotyping and prejudice in a community in which large numbers of immigrants have settled."

Americas↗
PubMed1983

Bhutan.

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Asia↗
PubMed1993

Planned emigration: the Palestinian case.

"This article examines the UN policies encouraging emigration from the Palestinian refugee camps through educating Palestinians and sending them for work abroad. Data show that emigration is more related to certain types of employment, especially skilled labor and white-collar jobs, than to employment per se. The data were collected, through personal interviews, from Dair El Balah refugee camp in Gaza Strip in 1986. There are 291 observations representing individuals who are 19 years old or over. A major conclusion of this study is that the educational policies initiated and operated by the United Nations Relief and Works Agency (UNRWA) contributed to the dispersion of about one third of the refugees in the 1960s and the 1970s."

Asia↗
PubMed1993

Immigration and ethnic origin: the effect of demographic attributes on earnings of Israeli men and women.

"The present article examines the separate effects of ethnicity and immigration on earnings by studying a sample of Israeli workers. The results indicate that immigrant status constitutes a major handicap in the Israeli labor market. Ethnicity, on the other hand, plays a minor role in the earnings determination process. The consequences of these results for labor market policies are discussed."

Asia↗
PubMed1994

[Immigration in a country of immigration: the Canadian experience].

"Until well after the Second World War, Canadian immigration policy favoured immigration in general, but it was characterised by ethnic and racial preferences and waves of discrimination. Only after 1962 was a less discriminatory point system...implemented which selected immigrants according to their standard of education and the demands of the Canadian labour market. This policy still indirectly favoured 'old' immigration groups. Since 1978 a new immigration law has been the basis of an annual immigration plan taking into account social, humanitarian, and economic criteria. One of its consequences has been the shift towards a greater proportion of Asian immigrants. This change has led to various tensions in the Canadian public." (SUMMARY IN ENG AND FRE)

Americas↗
PubMed1981

Chile.

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Americas↗
PubMed1993

The impact of immigration on native earnings in the United States, 1940 to 1980.

"Using 1940 to 1980 census data, this study investigates the effect of immigration on the earnings of U.S. born citizens. A modified version of human capital, and the equilibrium model provide the theoretical framework. Results show that when we look at cross-sections, for every decade studied, except 1940, immigration had positive effects on the earnings of native born Americans. After controlling for possible simultaneity bias, and using panel regression analysis, the author found different results. Although not completely eliminated, the impact of immigration was substantially reduced."

Americas↗
PubMed1997

Bosnian refugees in the Scandinavian countries: a comparative perspective on immigration control in the 1990s.

"In all the Nordic countries, a change of direction in refugee policy has taken place in recent years, primarily for similar reasons to those in the rest of Western Europe. These changes have been sparked off by the situation in the former Yugoslavia, but should also be seen as reflecting something more.... The prospect of a continuing influx of refugee groups, and a corresponding strain on national budgets, creates a backdrop for new thinking in all countries. An interesting aspect of this issue in the Nordic region is that, despite being a fairly homogeneous area, these countries have chosen radically different points of departure for their approach to refugees from Bosnia-Herzegovina. The article identifies these different national strategies and analyses the subsequent tendency towards convergence of policies that has taken place along the way."

Bosnia and Herzegovina↗
PubMed1993

The "new" immigration and the politics of cultural diversity in the United States and Japan.

"Certain parallels between the recent experience of Japan and that of the United States with immigration from Third World countries are increasingly evident. In this discussion, I shall focus on these key similarities rather than the obvious differences between the two countries, in terms of culture, economy, political system, and 'immigration profile'." Aspects considered include the structural nature of the demand for foreign labor, the composition of immigrant stocks and flows, public tolerance, and contradictions in government policies.

Americas↗