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PubMed1998

[Epidemiology of endemic goiter in Italy].

Epidemiological surveys on goiter endemia carried out in Italy in the two last decades were recently reviewed. Iodine deficiency and endemic goiter were documented in the entire country. In recent studies, urinary iodine excretion was higher and prevalence of goiter was lower than that documented in the past, in absence of a national program of prophylaxis. Nevertheless, in a recent study carried out in Basilicata, in schoolchildren a goiter prevalence of 16% was documented. In conclusion, iodine deficiency and endemic goiter are still present in Italy; despite the beneficial effects of "silent prophylaxis", a iodine prophylaxis program is mandatory.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 (PRWORA); interpretation of "federal means-tested public benefit"--HHS. Notice with comment period.

This notice with comment period interprets the term "Federal means-tested public benefit[s]" as used in Title IV of the Personal Responsibility and work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 (PRWORA), Pub. L. 104-193, to include only mandatory spending programs of the Federal Government in which eligibility for the program's benefits, or the amount of such benefits or both, are determined on the basis of income or resources of the eligibility unit seeking the benefit. At HHS, the benefit programs that fall within this definition (and are not explicitly excerted from the definition by Section 403 (c)) are Medicaid and Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF).

Eligibility Determination↗
PubMed1986

Practitioners' assessment of the externship experience: a retrospective analysis. Part I.

This study examines the externship experience of participants in the first four years of Illinois' mandatory externship program. A questionnaire was developed and mailed to a sample of 300 pharmacists resulting in a 60 percent response rate. Analysis of the data suggest a generally positive attitude toward externship and this was especially true for more recent graduates. It was also found that preceptors were perceived as positive role models, that externship had only slightly positive impact on preparing the respondents for practice and their perceived development of self confidence, and had virtually no influence on their ultimate choice of practice environment. These findings hold important implications for future refinements of externship programs.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1986

Practitioners' assessment of the externship experience: a retrospective analysis. Part II.

This study further examines the externship of participants in the first four years of Illinois' mandatory externship program utilizing a mail survey as described in an earlier report. This presentation focuses on the accomplishment of specific objectives during the externship and assesses their importance in current pharmacy practice. The data revealed that, on average, these objectives were perceived to have been only slightly to moderately accomplished yet were rated between moderate and high importance to current practice. Females rated the objective statements pertaining to patient contact and drug monitoring skills more favorably than males, but reported lower ratings for both the accomplishment and importance of administrative skills when compared to male respondents. Several significant differences were found based on externship environment and further emphasize the need for multi-environmental experiences in practice based programs.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1988

The quest for organ donors: a theological response.

A study of God's creation, redemption, and salvation of the human community may provide an answer to the shortage of organs for transplantation. An exploration of these areas from a theological viewpoint leads to a conclusion that: 1. We belong to one another. 2. We owe others our organs when they can benefit from them and we no longer can. When Jesus said, "This is my body" and "This is my blood which will be given up for you," he handed over his body to the community. These words should be understood in a continuum with his giving up his life, his sacrifice on the cross. Thus, when he said, "Do this in commemoration of me," he meant not only that we should remember the sacrifice in a liturgical fashion but also that we should pattern our lives after his. Could it be that the eucharistic injunction can also mean, in our day, that we are to give our bodies to the community in the same way that Christ gives his to us in the Eucharist? Should organ donation be seen not only in a secular fashion, as an optional good deed, but also as a profoundly religious, even sacramental, extension of the eucharistic sacrifice itself? Just as Christians are one in Christ's body, they belong to one another in a physical sense. If Christ is the one body and we belong to Christ, then we also belong to one another--and are obliged to donate our organs to one another.

Christianity↗
PubMed1988

An individualistic approach to routine cadaver organ removal.

Consenting to the taking of one's organs after death is a moral duty--the duty to consent--which derives from a more general moral duty--the duty to attempt an easy rescue of an endangered person. These two duties can be justified within the framework of factual and value beliefs associated with the general intellectual orientation called "individualism," which informs the liberal democratic tradition in the spirit of John Locke. Individualists value personal liberty and would accept these two duties on the ground that personal liberty is likely to be better protected and advanced in a society that abides by them than in a society that does not. The same reasoning justifies a social policy of routine removal of cadaver organs. Individualists would find it prudent to give up their right to be buried whole and adopt a policy of routine removal of cadaver organs, with organs distributed according to some principle of fair allocation. Since they recognize that their own organs will be of no use to them after death, giving up their right to be buried whole will not be viewed as a significant sacrifice of personal liberty. Some people of basic individualistic sympathies may, however, embrace additional special values that favor their being buried whole. To accommodate such persons, two compromises on a policy of routine taking of cadaver organs are possible: Allow these persons to "opt out" of the system by signing a legally binding document prohibiting the taking of their organs after death, or require everyone to state on their driver's licenses a positive or negative decision concerning organ removal.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Cadaver↗