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PubMed2003

Mites in facilities for laboratory animals.

OBJECTIVES: Two laboratory animal facilities were examined for storage and house-dust mites. METHODS: Samples of settled dust or material were investigated microscopically, and all of the found mites were identified. RESULTS: Every fourth sample contained mites. On the average, 86 mites were found in a gram of dust. Measurement with a two-way enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay revealed only one sample containing a minor amount of allergen from Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus. CONCLUSIONS: It seems that, in addition to house-dust mites, other mites may be important occupational contaminants in animal facilities.

Air Pollution, Indoor↗
PubMed2000

Effect of mite antigens on antigen presenting cells/macrophages in mice.

The effect of mite antigens on murine lymphocytes and macrophages was studied in vitro. Antigens prepared from Dermatophagoides farinae bodies (Dfb) or recombinant Mag3, glutathione-S transferase (GST)-fused mite antigen, stimulated murine spleen cells to proliferate. The responder cells were B cells, because the response was sensitive to anti-Ig antibody and C treatment, but not to anti-Thy 1 antibody and C treatment. The response was not due to lipopolysaccharide contamination, a representative B-cell mitogen, because polymyxin B column-passed Dfb significantly stimulated B cells, and GST protein alone did not stimulate them. Alloantigen presenting activity was increased in mite antigen-treated B cells and spleen adherent cells. Mite antigens stimulated CD80 and the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecule expression, but suppressed CD86 expression on B cells and spleen adherent cells that were detected by a flow cytofluorometer. Antibodies to the MHC class II molecules, CD80 and CD86 blocked the alloantigen-presenting activity. Furthermore, mite antigens stimulated B cells and spleen adherent cells to produce cytokines. These results suggest that mite antigens have a stimulating activity on antigen-presenting cells/macrophages and modulate immune responses.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

[Relationship between the clinical course of bronchial asthma from childhood to adulthood (deterioration/improvement), bronchial hyperreactivity and incidence of house dust mite allergens in households of persons treated for atopic bronchial asthma as children].

The aim of the study was to determine the impact of the exposition to house dust mite allergens or its lack on clinical state of asthma in young adults treated in their childhood for atopic bronchial asthma. The concentration of house mite allergen was studied with the method of Acarex test (detection of guanine--excretory product of house dust mites) in the flats of 55 persons treated for atopic asthma before adolescence. There was significant difference (p < 0.006) between the clinical course of asthma (improvement) in persons living in flats free of house dust mite allergens and those living in flats infested with mites. House dust mite allergens were present significantly more frequently in flats of persons with a low histamine threshold (19 of 20 examined flats) than in flats of persons with a high histamine threshold or without hyperreactivity to histamine (6 of 20 examined flats).

Adult↗
PubMed2001

[Conjunctival provocation test with Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus in the diagnosis of allergic conjunctivitis from house mites].

INTRODUCTION: Perennial conjunctivitis due to house dust mites is the most frequent form of allergic conjunctivitis in urban environments. However, its diagnosis remains difficult for ophthalmologists. In this study, we evaluated a conjunctival provocation test (CPT) using standardized extracts of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Dpt) and compared it to the diagnostic methods commonly performed in allergology: prick tests with dust and house dust mites and specific and IgE assay. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a CPT on 60 volunteer patients, between the ages of 8 and 64 years, corresponding to 30 patients sensitized to house dust mites with the presence of specific IgE and chronic conjunctivitis, 21 patients not sensitized to house dust mites but presenting features of chronic conjunctivitis, and 9 asymptomatic patients. A house dust mite desensitizing treatment was not an exclusion criterion for a number of allergic patients. CPTs were prepared from Dpt allergenic extracts (Laboratoires Stallergènes, Antony, France) with 5 progressive concentrations by dilution in a nonphenolic physiological solution: 1.2 RI, 3.7 RI, 11 RI, 33 RI, and 100 RI. CPTs were performed in only one eye and asymmetry of the ocular response was evaluated by the cumulative clinical score of Abelson Chambers and Smith. The correlation between the 2 diagnostic tests was established by calculating the Cohen correlation coefficient or kappa. We also evaluated the sensitivity and diagnostic specificity for each test. RESULTS: The statistical correlation between specific IgE and the other allergological tests in for allergic conjunctivitis to house dust mites was 0.93 for the CPT, 0.46 for the prick test to Dpt, and 0.33 for the prick test to dust. The diagnostic sensitivities and specificities for each test were 90% and 100% for the CPT, 60% and 70% for the prick test to dust, 70% and 76% for prick test to Dpt, respectively. Beyond an antigenic cut-off value of 11 RI, we also observed greater hypersensitivity reactions for patients with lacrimal IgE or elevated specific IgE levels. CONCLUSION: The results obtained with the CPT confirm its high antigenic quality. It is a particularly useful, rapid, and perfectly safe clinical test. It is the only test able to establish a relationship between ocular manifestations and specific I(8)E.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

[Mite-induced interleukin-5 and interleukin-4 expressions in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from asthmatic children with respiratory syncytial virus infection].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of respiratory syncytial virus(RSV) infection on mite-induced interleukin-5 and interleukin-4 expressions in cultures of PBMC from asthmatic children and their correlation with asthmatic symptoms. METHODS: IL-5 and IL-4 expressions in mite (D. Pteronyssinus)-stimulated PBMC were assessed ex vivo by ELISA and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in 16 allergic asthmatic children with RSV infection(A) and 14 patients without RSV infection(B), as well as 10 normal controls(C) (5.1 +/- 2.4 yrs). Meanwhile their correlation with serum ECP or current wheezing was analysed in patients after RSV infection. RESULTS: (1) Stimulation of PBMC with mite antigens induced significantly higher IL-4 (34 +/- 24) ng/L vs (8 +/- 5) ng/L, (P < 0.01) and IL-5 (26 +/- 15) ng/L vs (6 +/- 5) ng/L release in allergic patients(B) as compared with healthy controls(C). The release was in a mite dose-dependent manner. Meanwhile, IL-5 level in group A (A) was the highest (73 +/- 47) ng/L, P < 0.05 compared with (B)). Similar results were obtained with IL-5 mRNA expressions. (2) Serum ECP level was significantly higher in group A (73 +/- 47) micrograms/L than in group C (18 +/- 12) micrograms/L, P < 0.01. There was a significant correlation between IL-5 release and ECP levels (r = 0.49, P < 0.05). (3) Mite-induced IL-5 release in PBMC was significantly increased in the group with wheezing symptom (71 +/- 40) ng/L compared with the asymptomatic group (34 +/- 29) ng/L, (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicated that during RSV infection, mite-induced IL-5 expression in PBMC of asthmatic children was up-regulated, which may enhance activation of eosinophils and precipitate or exacerbate asthma symptoms.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Specific IgE to 5 different major house dust mites among asthmatic children.

Asthma is one of the most commonly occurring manifestation of allergy in Taiwan. Sensitivity to house dust mites is closely related to childhood asthma. This study was designed to investigate sensitized rates and average concentrations of specific IgE antibodies to 5 major house dust mites (HDMs) among asthmatic children. A total of 93 asthmatic children aged from 3 to 15 years were enrolled to measure their specific IgE concentrations in response to 5 different species of mites: Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Dp), Dermatophagoides farinae (Df), Dermatophagoides microceras (Dm), Euroglyphus maynei (Em), and Blomia tropicalis (Bt). The severity of hypersensitivity was classified based on the concentration of specific IgE as mild (0.35-3.5 kuA/L), moderate (3.5-50 kuA/L), and severe (> 50 kuA/L). Sixty-three asthmatic children were found to have specific IgE to at least one mite. The percentage of these 63 children who had specific IgE to Dp, Df, Dm, Em and Bt were 87%, 85%, 84%, 77%, and 65%, respectively. Patients with specific IgE to Dp, Df, Dm, and Bt, had a high percentage of moderate and severe hypersensitivity (83.6%, 83.4%, 81.4%, 70.6%, respectively). However, patients sensitized to Em have relatively lower concentration of specific IgE Ab, with 75% of them in the mild range. Some patients had positive IgE antibody to Em (3.2%), and Bt (3.2%) even though they had none to Dp and Df. We conclude that Dm and Bt are also important mite allergens in atopic children. Conventional testing that assays only for sensitivity to Dp and Df would fail to demonstrate 6.4% of mite sensitized asthmatic children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Role of mites and thrips in the agrobiocoenosis of the soybean.

Soy beans dangerous pests are mites and thrips, that is why the present paper aims at the examination of the changes in their numbers and dominance relations of some varieties of different maturity groups. The small plot experiments were conducted in Kisalföld region with the following soybean varieties: early ripening Bólyi 38, Evans, McCall, middle ripening Bólyi 45 and late ripening Eszter, Zsuzsanna and Borza, in Mosonmagyaróvár. Mites and thrips were collected every week with Berlese-extractor. It was observed that Tetranychus urticae Koch, the dominant mite species on soybean, developed its peak-numbers at the end of August. The number of mites was 20 % higher on the late ripening varieties, than on the early ripening ones. Predatory mites (Typhlodromus pyri Scheuten, Amblyseius andersoni Chant) and thrips (Scolothrips longicornis Priesner, Aeolothrips intermedius Bagnall) could not reduce the number of Tetranychus urticae due to their low density. Among the thrips Thrips tabaci Lindeman was the main pest of the soybean leaves, but Frankliniella intonsa Trybom was dominant in the flowers. The blooming of the soybean primarily influences the dynamics of phytophagous thrips. The peak-number of pests reached the highest rate a week later and more thrips were counted on the late varieties as well. Early ripening soybean varieties are recommended to be grown in the Kisalföld region since they are less affected by mites and thrips.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

The efficacy of benzyl benzoate sprays in killing the storage mite Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Acari: Acaridae).

This study tested the effectiveness of benzyl benzoate (BB) in killing Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Schrank) mites when using the method utilized by regular consumers. The efficacy of the BB sprays was determined in laboratory experiments and semi-field experiments with mattress and mattress pad pieces. The mites were counted and their living status determined at different time points microscopically. In the laboratory experiment, the sprays containing either 0.5 %/0.9 % BB with 70 % ethanol or 0.1 % BB with absolute ethanol were highly efficient, resulting in over 90 % mite mortality within 20-30 minutes. In the semi-field experiment, mimicking the home application, the sprays were applied to pieces of a mattress and a mattress pad, and allowed to affect the area for 30 minutes before thorough vacuuming. The recovery of mites was usually less than 10 %. The sprays containing BB were effective in killing the mites in the laboratory, but success was less prominent in the semi-field tests. This method could be used in testing other compounds for their efficacy in killing mites.

Acaridae↗
PubMed1992

Effect of ivermectin on the control of ear mites (Psoroptes cuniculi) in naturally infested rabbits.

We examined the efficacy of ivermectin in the control of ear mites (Psoroptes cuniculi) in rabbits. The study involved 40 female and 35 male rabbits that were known to be naturally infested with ear mites. After a period of acclimation to the animal care facilities, the rabbits were ranked on the visual appearance of any ear lesion and the number of mites on glycerin-dipped ear swabs. The rabbits were then randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatment groups; vehicle only (group 1), 50 micrograms of ivermectin/kg of body weight (group 2), 100 micrograms of ivermectin/kg (group 3) and 200 micrograms of ivermectin/kg (group 4). The rabbits were treated by SC injections on day 0 and day 14 of the trial; thus, the total dose of ivermectin given to groups 1 through 4, was 0, 100, 200, or 400 micrograms/kg, respectively. The study ended 2 weeks after the last treatment. Ear lesions of the treated rabbits improved significantly (P less than 0.001). By 28 days after the first treatment, the mean number of mites on the ear swabs (both ears) was 57.5 for untreated rabbits and 9.1, 0.5, and 2.5, respectively, for rabbits in groups 2, 3, and 4. The mean number of mites recovered from the ears of the untreated rabbits at necropsy was 24,297. For groups 2, 3, and 4, the mean number of mites recovered from the ears was 5,352, 96, and 96, respectively. The efficacy of treatment with a total dose of 100 micrograms/kg was 77.96%, with 200 micrograms/kg was 99.61%, and for 400 micrograms/kg was 99.61%.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1990

Guanine levels in house dust as a means of estimating the mite population.

House dust has recently been incriminated as an important causative allergen in bronchial asthma and allergic rhinitis. In particular attention is being focused on the mites contained in house dust. Previously, the number of mites contained in house dust was determined by counting under a microscope. This method is not appropriate, however, for epidemiological investigations which require large numbers of specimens, as it is time-consuming and labor intensive. Guanine makes up about 0.3% of the body weight of mites and is present in large amounts in mite excrement, and by using an improved method for quantifying guanine in house dust we obtained a correlation coefficient of 0.776 between the number of mites and amount of guanine. In addition, because virtually no guanine is contained in human nails and hair, thus eliminating possible sources of error, it became clear that the amount of guanine in house dust can be used to estimate the total amount of mite allergen resulting from the bodies and excrement of the acarids.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Specific IgG and IgE antibodies in house dust mite asthmatic patients and control probands].

Serum samples obtained from 55 patients with confirmed asthma induced by house dust mites, and 30 control subjects with no mite allergy, were investigated for specific IgG antibodies against the mites Dermatophagoides pt. and far. In 23 of the 55 asthmatics, specific hyposensitization treatment had previously been performed. Patients with allergic mite-induced asthma proved to have significantly higher specific IgG antibody titres than the control subjects. The difference between the groups with and without prior desensitization was not significant. All subjects with no IgE-mediated allergy vis-a-vis house dust mites (controls) had detectable specific IgG antibodies against both mites.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Comparative evaluation for pollens and mite extract skin tests.

A study of 105 subjects with a history of atopy was conducted. The skin test was used as screening method and the specific IgE as reference test. The results of the mite extract skin test were compared with those of pollens. For the same degree of skin reactivity, the relationship between the skin test and the specific IgE was highly significant for pollens (p less than 0.0005) but not for mite extract. Skin cross-reactivity between the mite extracts was highly significant (p less than 0.0005), and between the mite extracts and house dust extract (p less than 0.005). Reactivity against house dust and mite extracts was different (p less than 0.01) between the citizens and non-citizens suggesting inherent differences in the mite fauna of Kuwait. The most useful parameter for evaluating the results of the skin test was found to be the predictive value of a positive test.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Allergen avoidance in house dust mite sensitive adult asthma.

Fifty adult asthmatic patients with strongly positive skinprick tests to the house dust mite were admitted into a prospective randomised controlled trial of house dust mite avoidance in the community. Twenty-two of the experimental group completed one year of dust avoidance and 19 of these tolerated the use of plastic mattress and pillow covers. Twenty of the control group (who did not alter their housecleaning habits) also completed one year of study. A fall in mite and dust levels was noted in the homes of the experimental but not the control group. Fifteen of the experimental group who completed the study were strongly RAST positive (score 3 or more) to the house dust mite. These patients had a significant improvement in FEV1/FVC, PEFR, PC20, use of treatment, and symptom score at one year, whilst the seven experimental patients who were not strongly RAST positive (score 2 or less) did not, suggesting that the change noted in the former patients was not merely due to a placebo effect. Fifteen of the control group who completed the study were also strongly RAST positive for the house dust mite and these patients showed no change in any of the parameters. This study demonstrates that adult asthmatic patients can successfully carry out house dust eradication procedures in the community over a long period of time, and that those patients who are allergic to the house dust mite appear to have both subjective and objective improvement in their asthma.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Nosocomial dermatitis and pruritus caused by pigeon mite infestation.

We report an outbreak of pigeon mite infestation involving two patients, two nurses, and one physician on a medical ward in a municipal hospital. The index patient developed a diffuse, pruritic erythematous maculopapular rash on his trunk and extremities. Dermanyssus gallinae, a nonburrowing, blood-sucking avian mite was identified on the patient and his bedding. A second patient who complained of scalp pruritus had mites present on her pillow and bed linen. The intern taking care of both patients, and two nurses who had contact with these patients, had mite infestation. Pigeons roosting on the air conditioners and near the doors connecting the patients' rooms to a sunporch were the source of the mites. The outbreak abated after control measures were instituted that prevented pigeons from roosting on the porch. This outbreak illustrates an unusual cause of nosocomial pruritic dermatitis that may be misdiagnosed as scabies or pediculosis. Physicians and health care personnel working in metropolitan areas are alerted to mites as a cause of pruritic dermatitis that may be chronic, recurrent, or unresponsive to ectoparasiticides.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

IgG, IgA, and IgM antibodies to mite in sera and sputa from asthmatic patients.

In order to examine roles of antibodies to allergens in bronchial secretions, IgG, IgA, and IgM antibodies to mite in sputa from mite-sensitive asthmatics were measured by ELISA and compared with antibodies in sera. IgA antibodies to mite in sputa were significantly higher in mite-sensitive patients than in normal controls or mite-unsensitive asthmatic patients (P less than .01), whereas IgG and IgA antibodies in sera were significantly higher in mite-sensitive patients than in the other two groups (P less than .01). There were no significant differences of serum or sputum IgM antibodies among the three groups. The relative ratio of the level of IgA antibodies: the level of IgG antibodies was higher in sputum than in sera. IgA antibodies in bronchial secretions may play a protective role for asthma when allergens enter into the bronchial trees.

Allergens↗
PubMed1985

Allergenicity and immunogenicity of house-dust mite (Dermatophagoides farinae) antigens treated with glutaraldehyde.

Extract from house dust mite (Dermatophagoides farinae) was treated with glutaraldehyde (GA) and examined for its allergenicity and immunogenicity. The allergenicity of glutaraldehyde-treated mite extract (GA-M) was decreased significantly when compared with untreated mite extract (UN-M) by skin test in mite allergic individuals. Immunogenicity of GA-M was at least similar with that of UN-M, when examined by formation of antibodies to UN-M in guinea pigs. Fractionations of GA-M and UN-M revealed that polymerization occurred and proteins of higher molecular weight increased after the treatment of mite extract with GA. The results suggest potential usefulness of the polymerized mite antigens in immunotherapy.

Aldehydes↗
PubMed1985

Storage mites culturing, sampling technique, identification and their role in housedust allergy in rural areas in the United Kingdom.

Patients with symptoms suggesting housedust mite allergy were tested to storage mites, housedust, and Dermatophagoides spp. Housedust was examined for mites. All patients responded to storage mites. Some were negative to Dermatophagoides. All houses proved to have storage mites in the dust as well as Dermatophagoides, mainly in food stores or pet beds. Storage mites, therefore, are involved in dust allergy.

Allergens↗
PubMed1984

[Occurrence of housedust mites (Astigmata; Pyroglyphidae) in stables].

Occurrence of house-dust mites (Astigmata; Pyroglyphidae) in stables. The house-dust mite Dermatophagoides farinae was found in 5 samples derived from a conventional henhouse with fowls and pigeons and from a test animal hutch with rats, mice and rabbits. 63 samples derived from conventional sheds, pigsties and hutches as well as from conventional henhouses and large-scale poultry farms showed negative results. Besides mites of the family Pyroglyphidae mites of the Tyroglyphidae family and/or mucedine were found, which affect the development of mite populations. House-dust mites should be considered in the etiology of allergic diseases of dog, cat and livestock.

Animals↗