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PubMed2006

Descriptions of clinical semiology of seizures in literature.

Literary texts are an important part of the cultural history of many fields of medicine. Accounts of epilepsy are frequent, and descriptions of seizure semiology are often included with varying detail. This review looks at these, and considers the authors' background knowledge of epilepsy. The first group of writers suffered seizures themselves. Some of them provide remarkable and novel insights into the subjective symptoms and experiences in and around seizures.A second group draws from their own observations of seizures in others who may have been close relatives or fortuitous strangers. Here, the outside view prevails, and seizures may be described with clinical objectiveness. Commonly, the reactions of onlookers become part of the narrative beyond the seizure description. The third group writes from second-hand knowledge, which may be other observer reports, interviews with people with epilepsy or with experts, information being available in dictionaries, medical textbooks and the like. The professional standard of most writers means that the resulting descriptions are quite accurate, but there are also examples of poor use of such information. Many authors' sources are not known, but can be assumed to belong to one of the above categories, and we can sometimes guess. It appears that even authors with no first-hand knowledge are often aware of seizure types other than the most widely known, generalised tonic-clonic, and there is a widespread interest in warnings and how the afflicted respond to them. The quality of an author's fictional account of epilepsy should not be judged from a translation, because specific aspects and the language involved in the description may have been misunderstood by the translator.

Epilepsy↗
PubMed2006

Death in life and life in death: melancholy and the enlightenment.

This article, which deals with the 17th and 18th centuries, is concerned with the presence of death in the melancholiac's life as revealed in both the accounts written by sufferers themselves and medical works. It shows the exceptional place which melancholiacs consider themselves to occupy, compared to the rest of the living, as they inhabit the no-man's-land between life and death. The privileged status echoes the classical theme of the melancholic genius (Problem XXX). Although some, like George Cheyne or Samuel Johnson, denied the link, this cliché is nevertheless very present in the self-description of the melancholy. Suffering, which is always physical, is a sign of moral superiority.

Death↗
PubMed2005

[Terminology and the medical issues in the early (1931-1939) works by Michał Choromański].

Michał Choromański (1904-1972) was a very popular author before the II World War outbreak. The works dating from that period are full of medical issues and terminology. The works reflect the author's long-standing battle against his disease and the observations made during his stay in hospitals. The subject of the author's analysis is the correctness of the applied medical terminology used by Choromański in his works in accordance with medical knowledge and legally binding laws of that time.

Famous Persons↗
PubMed2006

["Zerquälte Ergebnisse einer Dichterseele"--literary critiques on psychiatry around 1900].

In the last decade of the 19th century dozens of "mad" people from the respectable bourgoisie went public with most stigmatizing details of their private lives. The authors told about healthy people branded as insane, and incarcerated in insane asylums. They took their cases to the "court of public opinion". These stories became the stuff of public scandals and also the basis of an organized "lunatics' rights" movement, which was a protest movement against the power and competency of psychiatric expertise. Inspired by this movement some authors and playwriters took up the criticism towards psychiatry and wrote novels and stage plays in which they told frightening and desparate stories of restrained people who had to suffer from arbitrary decisions of psychiatrists. The paper deals with three novels and stage plays written between 1908 and 1917 by Heinrich Mann, Frederik van Eeden, and Waldemar Müller-Eberhart. It analyses the gloomy picture of the asylum and the practice and attitudes of the asylum doctors painted by the three authors. I argue that the narratives had an impact on the public as well as the professional discourse on the problem of psychiatric arbitrariness, and that the authors not only conveyed citicism but also pointed out a concept of a humaine interaction between "normal" and "abnormal" people.

Germany↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Goethe's philosophical-medical masks, in Faust].

At the beginning of the XXI century the health profession is engaged in a medical ethical and moral crisis and society, hurt by the pandemic of violence and impunity, feels the effect of a state of legal crisis unable to find a viable scientific or humanistic answer. This manuscript, is the result of an investigation into the Johann Wolfgang Goethe's tragedy of the nineteenth century, Faust. It demonstrates the coincidence of real life subjects and objects with literary subjects and objects represented, by means of the interpretation of the paradigms, problems, dilemmas and identified cases of medical ethical-morals: dáimon, reflection-solitude, free will, good-evil, Eros, learned ignorance, genes, epistemology, medical etiquette, paternalism, anatomy of the personality, Hyppocratism, will, good sense of humor, bubonic plague. Faust can be construed as a new path for change--towards the common good--of the physician if traced by their will and recovering the represented real objects, decides to meditate free and lonely on its professional exercise, medical knowledge and the doctor-patient relationship.

Ethics, Medical↗