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Results for “LABYRINTH DISEASES”

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PubMedDate not supplied

Otologic complications of radiation therapy.

Radiation therapy has proved to be a valuable modality in the management of patients with nasopharyngeal tumors. Routine follow-up of patients in the tumor clinic of the University of Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary appeared to indicate an increasing incidence of otologic pathology. For this reason, a retrospective study focusing on the otologic findings in patients whose radiation therapy for nasopharyngeal tumors included the external auditory canal, middle ear space, or eustachian tube was performed. The results of this study are discussed in relationship to total radiation dosage, time of survival after therapy, and pretreatment otologic status. The complications covered a spectrum from intermittent serous otitis media to osteoradionecrosis of the external auditory canal. Possible contributing factors are discussed, and preventive neasures are suggested.

Ear↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The incidence and significance of the Tullio phenomenon in man.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the incidence and significance of the Tullio phenomenon in a group of human subjects. The subjects included 40 patients with complaints of auditory or vestibular symptoms. Ten otologically normal subjects were included in the study as a control group. All subjects underwent routine audiologic evaluation as well as electronystagmogram (ENG) testing. All subjects were then tested for the presence of the Tullio phenomenon by the method described. The results of this study showed that of the 40 subjects with known auditory or vestibular disorders, 90% (36) demonstrated nystagmus in response to high-intensity sound stimulation. All patients in the otologically normal control group demonstrated the presence of the Tullio phenomenon. No specific correlations were made between the presence of the Tullio phenomenon and specific audiologic or ENG findings. Studies on the effects of sound on the vestibular system are reviewed and lend support to the finding that the Tullio phenomenon may be a normal physiologic response in man under certain test conditions.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1976

Management of the mastoid air cell system in chronic otitis media.

The influence of the Mastoid Air Cell System in Chronic Otitis Media is subject to much speculation. Does a mastoidectomy influence the surgical results following chronic inflammatory ear surgery? An understanding of the pathology associated within the mastoid air cell system is necessary before a discussion of the need for a mastoidectomy can be presented. Most mastoid air cell systems are sclerotic in chronic otitis media patients. The report summarizes one author's experiences with the influence of mastoidectomy upon surgical reconstruction for chronic inflammatory diseases of the ear. Emphasis is directed toward the eustachian tube rather than the mastoid air cell system.

Cholesteatoma↗
PubMed2002

Vertigo.

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Central Nervous System Diseases↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Optokinetic test comprising both acceleration and constant velocity stimulation (ACV-OKN test).

Normal subjects were exposed to two kinds of optokinetic stimulation, viz. at speeds of 60 degrees/s and 90 degrees/s preceded by acceleration at 6 degrees/s2 and 4.5 degrees/s2, respectively. In most subjects the speed of the eye in the slow nystagmus phase equalled the speed of the rotating device during the acceleration at velocities up to about 60 degrees/s. The eye then lagged behind the speed of the optokinetic stimulus. The upper limit for linear increase in the eye speed of the slow nystagmus phase has been named the "optokinetic fatigue threshold". A new clinical test permitting quantitative assessment of the optokinetic response has been introduced. The maximum eye speed in the slow nystagmus phase has been found to be the most appropriate parameter. Presentation of the results in the form of special charts, named optokinograms, is recommended. Optokinetic disturbances of varying kinds were noted mostly in patients with CNS disorders, but also in patients with diseases of the inner ear.

Acceleration↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Vestibular disorders caused by defective enzyme mechanisms in the small intestine.

A group of patients suffering from long periods of unsteadiness and presenting hyperreflexia in response to torsion swing and/or caloric stimulations were found to have abnormal results in glucose and lactose tolerance tests, but normal or reduced insulin liberation. Biopsies of the jejunal mucosa have shown abnormal enzyme activity or deficiencies in transport mechanisms. The use of a diet suited to each specific deficiency resulted in a high percentage of relief from the vestibular symptoms of these patients.

Disaccharidases↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Contralateral hyperactive caloric response in unilateral labyrinthine weakness.

In a series of 600 patients, 10 showed unilateral hyperactive caloric responses without a trivial explanation such as spontaneous nystagmus or directional preponderance. All 10 had unilateral weakness on the contralateral side, which was accompanied in 9 by cochlear hearing loss. It is assumed that the phenomenon of unilateral hyperreactivity in these cases can be explained by release from commissural inhibition on the basis of temporary vestibular decompensation.

Caloric Tests↗
PubMed1989

Gait disturbances in patients with labyrinthine and cerebellar diseases.

In order to clarify the peculiarities of gait disturbances appearing in patients with labyrinthine and cerebellar disturbances, the upward-downward (U-D), right-left (R-L) and forward-backward (F-B) movements of the head and activities of both soleus muscles were recorded by a polygraph and a data recorder with the aid of a five-channel telemeter. The power spectrum and correlation analyses were carried out with a PDP-11 computer. The following are results obtained from walking with the eyes closed. (1) On normal subjects, the power spectrum of U-D head movement indicated a rise at about 2 Hz. The autocorrelograms of U-D, R-L head movements and soleus muscle activities showed a chopping or sine wave process with an attenuation of amplitude. A cross correlogram revealed that when the head was inclined to the right side, the contralateral soleus muscle was active and when the head was inclined forward, one of the soleus muscles was active. (2) A patient with bilateral loss of labyrinthine function showed an increased R-L head sway and irregularly undulating F-B head movement, indicating disturbances of the labyrinthine righting and linear movement reflexes. (3) A patient with cerebellar atrophy indicated irregular U-D, R-L and F-B head movements. The soleus muscle activity changed irregularly.

Cerebellar Diseases↗
PubMed1982

Bobbing oscillopsia from gentamicin toxicity.

A series of 15 patients had been studied, all of whom suffered severe labyrinthine damage from gentamicin. All subjects were patients in a renal unit and had been in renal failure. The antibiotic was administered, either intramuscularly, intravenously or into the dialysate. In most of the patients there was a history of previous or simultaneous administration of another ototoxic agent, either another aminoglycoside, or a loop diuretic. None of the patients developed severe vertigo. They consistently complained, when they eventually were able to get out of bed, a vertical bouncing of their surroundings, when they walked, coinciding with each step. This sensation is made worse if the patient runs, or drives on a bumpy road, and stops as soon as the patient stands still. Caloric tests revealed non-functioning labyrinths on both sides. Gradual improvement in the symptom occurred over a period of months. No cochleotoxic effect was observed. The probable mechanism of this phenomenon is discussed.

Gentamicins↗
PubMed2001

On classification capability of neural networks: a case study with otoneurological data.

We investigated the capability of multilayer perceptron neural networks and Kohonen neural networks to recognize difficult otoneurological diseases from each other. We found that they are efficient methods, but the distribution of a learning set should be rather uniform. Also it is important that the number of learning cases is sufficient. If the two mentioned conditions are satisfied, these neural networks are similarly efficient as some other machine learning methods. The conditions are known in the theory of neural networks [1,2], but not often taken seriously in practice. Both networks functioned as well, excluding the case with several input variables, where the Kohonen neural networks surpassed the perceptron.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2001

[Labyrinthine fistula caused by chronic suppurative otitis media].

OBJECTIVE: To study the clinical feature and surgical management of labyrinthine fistula caused by chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM). METHOD: A retrospective study of 450 patients with CSOM who underwent radical mastoidectomy between the years 1992 to 1999 in Department of Otolaryngology, Xijing Hospital was conducted. RESULT: 20 patients (4.4%) with labyrinthine fistula caused by CSOM were found. The average history of ear drainage was 22 years, 18 patients (90%) had subjective hearing loss, and 13 patients (65%) had dizziness. The fistula test was positive in 9 patients (45%). 2 patients had anacusis in the affected ear. The preoperative pure tone average for bone conduction thresholds was less than 30 dB in 11 patients, between 31 and 50dB in 3 patients, and more than 51 dB in 4 patients. The ears with a positive fistula test had worse preoperative hearing than those with negative test (P < 0.01). The fistula was detected by CT in 2 of 9 patients. Cholesteatoma was present in 18 patients (90%) and granulation tissue was present in 2 patients (10%). The lateral semicircular canal was the site of labyrinthine fistula. The lesion at the site of fistula was completely removed in 17 patients and exteriorized in the remaining 3. CONCLUSION: There are no reliable methods at present for preoperative diagnosis of labyrinthine fistula, ultimately, the most reliable way to identify a fistula is during surgery. The method of manipulation of labyrinthine fistula is based on the concrete conditions of fistula and patient.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

[The Cogan syndrome].

Exactly 30 years ago D. C. Cogan reported 4 cases of "nonsyphilitic interstitial keratitis associated with vestibulo-auditory symptoms". Report of 57 of these cases have come to our attention. They mostly concern relatively young people, although the age range is now 4-1/2 to 63 years. The etiology of Cogan's syndrome is unknown. It very frequently has been associated with some generalized vascular diseases. In our first case, a 13 year old boy, we found the symptoms of a serous meningitis with pathological signs in the EEG. No vascular changes were encountered. During 4 weeks the rapidly progressive hearing loss was accompanied by tinnitus and vertigo and an interstitial keratitis. The recession of vestibular symptoms is followed by the loss of function of the endorgans. The voice seemed high-pitched and monotonous. In our patient the eye condition improved, but the cochleo-vestibular disturbances did not. The second case, a 27 year old woman, could be observed over a period of 19 years. The ocular symptoms disappeared nearly completely after 1 year, but the cochleo-vestibular disturbances remained. The audition shows even after 19 years some fluctuations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Postoperative imaging of labyrinthine fistulae in cholesteatomas.

We evaluated the morphology of three operatively closed labyrinthine fistulae which were due to acquired middle ear cholesteatoma in three patients. In all three cases the fistula location was in the horizontal semicircular canal. The fistulae were closed by a mixture of bone powder and Tissucol. The layer closing the fistula was in all cases indistinguishable from the bony otic capsule on the postoperative CT.

Adult↗