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Results for “Jaundice, Obstructive”

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At least 739 records · Page 41Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Insulin response following intravenous glucose administration in dogs with obstructive jaundice.

In order to further clarify the circulating insulin kinetics in obstructive jaundice, five anesthetized dogs were given a 15-min intravenous infusion of 1 g/kg glucose before and during the first 1 to 2 weeks after a common bile duct ligation. Significantly higher blood glucose levels, a lower insulin response in femoral vein blood, and a lower initial insulin response in portal vein blood were observed following glucose administration in the animals with jaundice. The ratio of (integrated portal insulin response-integrated femoral insulin response)/(integrated portal insulin response) was significantly increased in the animals with jaundice when compared with that of the control animals. These results suggest that a low peripheral insulin response following glucose administration in obstructive jaundice is induced by an augmented insulin extraction in the liver and/or peripheral tissue as well as by an insulin hyposecretion from the pancreas.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Obstructive jaundice secondary to nonbiliary extrahepatic inflammatory disease.

Two patients with persistent obstructive jaundice secondary to chronic pancreatitis and one patient with this picture secondary to a periduodenal fibrosis are reported. The infrequent occurrence of obstructive jaundice in such inflammatory processes is noted and it is suggested that the presence of a circular muscle coat in the common bile duct protects it from inflammatory narrowing. The need for preoperative anatomic evaluation by radiographic techniques is discussed along with methods of therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Endoscopic biliary stents and obstructive jaundice.

Eighty-four patients with obstructive jaundice due to various causes were treated with endoscopically placed plastic stents. Seventy-two patients had malignant obstructive disease, 5 patients had common bile duct stones, 4 patients had bile duct injuries, and 3 patients had inflammatory processes resulting in common bile duct obstruction. Straight as well as double pigtail stents ranging from 9 to 12 F. were used. Restenting was employed only in patients with malignancy, and the longest period of a single stent drainage was 406 days with the average of 132 days. There was one procedure-related mortality in a patient with pancreatic cancer in whom the stent was misplaced. Inadequate drainage resulted in cholangitis and death. There were 14 nonfatal complications which included 1 myocardial infarction, 2 liver abscesses, 2 early closures (at 8 and 18 days), 1 episode of cholecystitis, 3 displacements of the stent which required restenting, and 4 spontaneous passages of the stent through the gastrointestinal tract. There were no perforations and no significant bleeding was encountered.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Single stranded DNA binding antibodies in patients with obstructive jaundice.

An elevation of single stranded (ss) DNA binding antibodies was present in patients with biliary tract stones and/or tumor of the biliary tract or of the pancreas. The incidence of the appearance of ssDNA binding antibodies was 22 percent in cases of non-obstructive jaundice and 50 percent in those with obstructive jaundice. The incidence was particularly high (70 percent) in patients with obstructive jaundice of over 50 days duration. No significant correlation was seen between the levels of ssDNA binding antibodies and the serum total bilirubin. However, a significant correlation was observed between the levels of ssDNA binding antibodies and the serum IgM.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Changes in gastrointestinal morphology associated with obstructive jaundice.

Bacterial translocation has been consistently demonstrated in experimental models of obstructive jaundice. An important factor which promotes this phenomenon is physical injury of the intestinal mucosa. Some previous studies have presented suggestive evidence of this, following bile duct ligation. The aims of this study were to analyse objectively intestinal mucosal morphometric characteristics, to examine for evidence of bacterial translocation, and to assess enterocytes for ultrastructural abnormalities. Adult female Wistar rats were assigned to one of three groups: control (n=8), bile duct ligation (BDL; n=11), or sham operation (n=10). One week later, portal blood, mesenteric lymph nodes, liver, and spleen were harvested and cultured aerobically and anaerobically for evidence of bacterial translocation. Segments of jejunum, ileum, caecum, and large bowel were examined histologically, using light microscopy and morphometrically, using an image analysis system. Electron microscopy was performed on regions of the gastrointestinal tract where significant morphometric alterations had been identified. Significant bacterial translocation was identified following BDL (63. 6% BDL vs. 0% sham vs. 0% control, p<0.01, Fisher's exact test). There was a significant reduction in total mucosal thickness (standard error) [650 microm (23) BDL vs. 731 microm (27) sham vs. 744 microm (95) control] and villous height [451 microm (20) BDL vs. 515 microm (18) sham vs. 559 microm (79) control] in jaundiced animals, compared with sham-operated and control animals (p<0.02, Mann-Whitney U-test). Electron microscopy revealed oedematous change associated with mild inflammation, disruption of desmosomes, and the formation of lateral spaces between enterocytes. In addition, enterocytes showed vacuolation of their cytoplasm and mitochondrial swelling. Increased numbers of bacteria appeared to be attached to the mucosa. These data provide evidence of physical disruption of intestinal mucosa in jaundiced animals, most marked in the distal ileum. Significant bacterial translocation occurs following bile duct ligation and this supports the hypothesis of gut barrier dysfunction with obstructive jaundice.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Case report: obstructive jaundice secondary to an intussuscepting duodenal villous adenoma.

Small intestinal tumours are rare, forming 1% of all gastrointestinal tumours; most occur in the duodenum. Villous adenomas form only a very small proportion of the duodenal tumours. They usually occur in the periampullary region and show a marked propensity for malignant change. The usual mode of presentation is with non-specific pain, jaundice or occult bleeding. Obstruction and pancreatitis are infrequent clinical presentations. Intussusception secondary to a duodenal tumour of any histological type is rarer still. A case of intussusception of a villous adenoma resulting in obstructive jaundice is described.

Adenoma↗
PubMed2005

Obstructive jaundice secondary to neuroendocrine tumour in a patient with von Recklinghausen's disease.

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder, with variable clinical manifestations and unpredictable course, associated with an increased incidence of various tumours. Plexiform neurofibromas are hallmark lesions of NF1; they are slow-growing tumours, which account for substantial morbidity, including disfigurement and functional impairment, and may even be life-threatening. Neuroendocrine tumours (NETs), a rare diverse group of neoplasms, are occasionally associated with neurofibromatosis. Pancreatic NETs are tumours with an incidence of less than 1/100 000 population/year and complex patterns of behaviour, which often need complicated strategies for optimal management. We present the case of a young adult with NF1, having a unique concurrence of plexiform neurofibroma involving the liver with an ampullary NET, and we discuss step by step the management in a specialist centre.

Adult↗