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At least 739 records · Page 41Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

Abnormal sex ratios in human populations: causes and consequences.

In the absence of manipulation, both the sex ratio at birth and the population sex ratio are remarkably constant in human populations. Small alterations do occur naturally; for example, a small excess of male births has been reported to occur during and after war. The tradition of son preference, however, has distorted these natural sex ratios in large parts of Asia and North Africa. This son preference is manifest in sex-selective abortion and in discrimination in care practices for girls, both of which lead to higher female mortality. Differential gender mortality has been a documented problem for decades and led to reports in the early 1990s of 100 million "missing women" across the developing world. Since that time, improved health care and conditions for women have resulted in reductions in female mortality, but these advances have now been offset by a huge increase in the use of sex-selective abortion, which became available in the mid-1980s. Largely as a result of this practice, there are now an estimated 80 million missing females in India and China alone. The large cohorts of "surplus" males now reaching adulthood are predominantly of low socioeconomic class, and concerns have been expressed that their lack of marriageability, and consequent marginalization in society, may lead to antisocial behavior and violence, threatening societal stability and security. Measures to reduce sex selection must include strict enforcement of existing legislation, the ensuring of equal rights for women, and public awareness campaigns about the dangers of gender imbalance.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed2001

Euthanasia and John Paul II's "silent language of profound sharing of affection:" why Christians should care about Peter Singer.

Peter Singer's recent appointment to Princeton University created considerable controversy, most of it focused on his proposal for active euthanasia of disabled infants. Singer articulates utilitarian ideas that often appear in public discussions of euthanasia. Drawing on Pope John Paul II's work on ethics and suffering, I argue that Singer's utilitarian theory of value is impoverished. After introducing the Pope's ethic based on the imago dei, I discuss love as self-gift. I show how this concept supports a theory of value in which spiritual goods are preeminent over material goods. I then describe how suffering reveals spiritual goods, discussing how participation in Christ's suffering can alter our perception of value. I also consider how communal responses to suffering provide opportunities for self-giving. Third, I consider Singer's proposal for killing infants with hemophilia, arguing that it arbitrarily ignores spiritual goods. I then discuss proposals to kill anencephalic infants, discussing how parental responses to their suffering can demonstrate an extraordinary love in seemingly hopeless circumstances. I conclude by calling for a more sustained social response to euthanasia initiatives.

Anencephaly↗
PubMed1992

Inadvertent hypnosis during interrogation: false confession due to dissociative state; mis-identified multiple personality and the Satanic cult hypothesis.

Induction of a dissociative state followed by suggestion during interrogation caused a suspect to develop pseudo-memories of raping his daughters and of participation in a baby-murdering Satanic cult. The pseudo-memories coupled with influence from authority figures convinced him of his guilt for 6 months. During this time, the suspect, the witnesses, and all the evidence in the case were studied. No evidence supported an inference of guilt and substantial evidence supported the conclusion that no crime had been committed. An experiment demonstrated the suspect's extreme suggestibility. The conclusion reached was that the cult did not exist and the suspect's confessions were coerced-internalized false confessions. During the investigation, 2 psychologists diagnosed the suspect as suffering from a dissociative disorder similar to multiple personality. Both psychologists were predisposed to find Satanic cult activity. Each concluded that the disorder was due to "programming" by the non-existent Satanic cult.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Antisocial personality by proxy: the Norton-Sims syndrome.

An antisocial personality disorder by proxy is defined by a proposed set of diagnostic criteria and a general description of proxy and perpetrator characteristics. Subtypes, dynamics, and features of this proposed disorder are described, and five-factor personality model (Costa & Widiger, 1994) loadings for the proxy and perpetrator are hypothesized. The relationship to abuse trauma and the five-factor personality model are discussed along with implications and suggestions for future research.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Alcohol-related homicides committed by women.

In this paper we use data derived from interviews with female homicide offenders either incarcerated or on parole in New York to examine those cases (N=35) that the respondents believed were related to their use of alcohol at the time of the homicide. We found four basic types of these homicides based on victim-offender relationships and the circumstances of the incidents. Women who committed each type of alcohol-related homicide reported a variety of motives for committing these acts. We also found that there were similarities and differences between the types, not only in terms of the kinds of motives reported but also in terms of the extent to which planning was involved. Likewise, there were similarities and differences between the different types of homicides regarding the type and amount of alcohol and other drugs used by respondents on the day of the incident, and regarding respondents' perceptions of the alcohol-relatedness of the events. The implications of our findings are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Were girl babies sacrificed to a folk superstition in 1966 in Japan?

Although it was expected by observers in Japan that the potency of belief in the superstition of the year of Fire-horse would be made apparent by a decrease in births and an increase of the induced abortion rate, an increase of infant mortality rate was not anticipated. However, an analysis of the early neonatal mortality rate of accidents and violence revealed a remarkable increase for girls but not for boys in 1966, the most recent year of Fire-horse. This fact is consistent with the superstition that women born in the year of Fire-horse are ill-fated.

Female↗