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At least 739 records · Page 41Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

Assessing glomerular filtration rate by estimation equations in kidney transplant recipients.

Surveillance of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is crucial in the management of kidney transplant recipients. With special emphasis on serum creatinine (SCr) calibration assay, we assessed the performance of estimation equations as compared to iothalamate GFR (iGFR) in 209 patients using the modification of diet in renal disease (MDRD), Nankivell and Cockcroft-Gault methods. Fifty-five percent of patients were treated with a calcineurin inhibitor (CNI) and all were taken trimethroprim-sulfametoxazole at the time of SCr measurement. The mean iGFR was 44 +/- 26 mL/min/1.73 m2. The MDRD equation showed a median difference of 0.9 mL/min/1.73 m2 with 53% of estimated GFR within 20% of iGFR. Median differences were 7.5 and 7.0 mL/min/1.73 m2 for Nankivell and Cockcroft-Gault formulas, respectively. The accuracy of the Nankivell and Cockcroft-Gault formulas was such that only 38% and 37% of estimations, respectively, fell within 20% of iGFR. The performance of all equations was not uniform throughout the whole range of GFR, with some deterioration at the extremes of GFR levels. In addition, good performance of the MDRD equation was seen in subjects taking CNI. In conclusion, the overall performance of the MDRD equation was superior to the Nankivell and Cockcroft-Gault formulas in renal transplant recipients including subjects treated with CNI.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Excretory urography by intraosseous injection of contrast media in a rabbit model.

There are many indications for an intravenous excretory urogram. However, where intravenous access is not available, the intraosseous route to the circulation may be an alternative. We found that safe and diagnostic excretory urograms could be obtained in rabbits following the injection of different contrast media via the intraosseous route. In fact, these excretory urograms were indistinguishable from ones obtained by the conventional intravenous route. While the rabbits did not develop any abnormal clinical signs following the procedure, there were postmortem histologic lesions of osteochondrosis in 5 of 22 (22.7%) tibias receiving an intraosseous needle, but in none of the 14 tibias that did not receive an intraosseous needle. Further, the use of diatrizoate was associated with the development of osteochondrosis while the use of iopamidol was not.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Iopamidol myelography in the horse.

The use of the non-ionic, water-soluble contrast agent iopamidol for myelography in seven horses is described. Contrast columns of diagnostic quality were produced in all seven cases and the procedure did not invoke any adverse reactions in the five cases which were recovered from general anaesthesia. It is concluded that iopamidol is a safe and effective contrast agent for myelography in the horse.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Pharmacokinetics of ciprofloxacin in cystic fibrosis.

We studied the pharmacokinetics of ciprofloxacin in 12 adult males with and 12 adult males without cystic fibrosis (CF). In a randomized crossover sequence, the subjects received 200 mg intravenously or 750 mg orally. With intravenous dosing, subjects also received 651 mg of iothalamate, a marker of glomerular filtration, and 700 mg of antipyrine, an indicator of hepatic oxidative drug metabolism. Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined by model independent methods. In the CF subjects, the ciprofloxacin concentration in serum during the first hour after intravenous administration was higher, and the oral absorption rate was slower. Other parameters did not differ between the groups. Mean concentrations in serum 5 min postinfusion were 3.08 and 2.14 micrograms/ml, and mean peak concentrations after oral dosing were 3.24 and 3.34 micrograms/ml in subjects with and without CF, respectively. Mean values for elimination half-life in all subjects were 4.8 and 5.0 h after intravenous and oral administration, respectively. The mean renal clearances in all subjects after intravenous and oral administration were 19.4 and 14.5 liters/h and accounted for 64 and 47% of the total clearance, respectively. These values were significantly greater than renal iothalamate clearance, indicating that tubular secretion contributed to the renal clearance of ciprofloxacin. A total of 69 and 35.4% of the administered ciprofloxacin was recovered from the urine within 48 h after intravenous and oral administration, respectively. The mean bioavailability was 71.2% and did not differ between the groups. We conclude that similar dosing regimens can be used to treat patients with CF and their normal counterparts.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1981

Posterior subtalar joint synoviography and corticosteroid injection in rheumatoid arthritis.

Ten posterior subtalar joints of 8 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and 12 posterior subtalar joints of 6 cadavers were studied by contrast synoviography. In the rheumatoid group the abnormalities included posterior capsule distension, filling defects caused by hypertrophic synovitis, limited or irregular filling of the anterior recess of the joint in 5 out of 10, and communication with the ankle joint in 3 out of 10. None of the cadaveric joints showed posterior capsule distension or limited or irregular filling of the anterior recess of the joint, but communication with the ankle was present in 2 joints. The joints of the patients were injected with a 1:1 mixture of sodium iothalamate 70% (Conray 420) and triamcinolone hexacetonide (Lederspan) 20 mg/ml. All patients noticed a decrease in and an improvement in walking beginning 24-48 hours after the examination. Quantitative thermography was done immediately before and 1 after injection in 2 patients who showed an improvement in thermographic index. We conclude that hindfoot inflammatory pain arising from the posterior subtalar joint is caused by distension with hypertrophic synovitis which can be difficult to detect clinically.

Adult↗
PubMed1970

Evaluation of contrast media used in man for coronary arteriography.

The electrocardiographic changes induced by the injection of four contrast media into the right and left coronary arteries of man are described. Comparisons have been made between the different media, the techniques used, and the individual coronary artery injected. We conclude that Hypaque 85 is the medium of choice for coronary arteriography, that injection into the right coronary artery is more hazardous than injection into the left, and that as far as safety is concerned there is nothing to choose between the Sones' and judkins' techniques.

Angiocardiography↗
PubMed1984

Contrast media for left ventricular angiography. A comparison between Cardio-Conray and iopamidol.

Forty consecutive patients with coronary artery disease undergoing left ventricular angiography took part in a randomised double blind trial comparing a conventional contrast medium sodium meglumine iothalamate (Cardio-Conray) with the low osmolar agent iopamidol. Iopamidol produced a smaller rise in heart rate and a smaller fall in left ventricular systolic pressure, but the changes in left ventricular and diastolic pressure and maximum rate of change of pressure (dP/dt max) were not different. The numbers of extrasystoles per minute for five minutes after ventriculography were similar in both groups except for the first 15 seconds, when the number of extrasystoles was increased in the iopamidol group. The frequency and magnitude of symptoms (heat, angina, headache, nausea) were significantly different in two groups. Iopamidol caused less haemodynamic disturbance than Cardio-Conray, although the improvement is small and offers no advantage in reducing symptoms or extrasystoles.

Angiocardiography↗
PubMed1984

Digital subtraction angiography in infants and children with congenital heart disease.

Digital subtraction angiography was used as the sole imaging technique in 95 infants and children aged 13 hours to 16 years undergoing cardiac catheterisation for the investigation of congenital heart disease. Injections of diluted contrast medium were made selectively at central sites, and the images were obtained using continuous image intensification fluoroscopy at either 32.25 nC/kg/s (125 microR /s) or 129 nC/kg/s (500 microR /s). In all cases images adequate for diagnosis and management were obtained with appreciably less contrast medium and a lower radiation dose than in a comparable group of patients using conventional biplane cineangiography. Thus digital subtraction angiography is a viable alternative to biplane cineangiography for children with congenital heart disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1973

Cisternal myelography using Conray.

Conray-280 (meglumine iothalamate) can be injected safely into the cisterna magna in the human. In this series of 46 patients no complications were encountered attributable to the irritant effects of Conray. Satisfactory radiographic visualization was obtained in 87% of cases using 5 ml. 50% solution of Conray-280 enabling clear delineation of the anterior and posterior borders of the spinal cord to be made.

Adult↗
PubMed1974

Filling patterns in contrast ventriculography.

The filling patterns of a negative contrast material (air), a positive contrast water soluble material (Conray), and a positive contrast water insoluble material (Myodil) were examined in 60 normal ventriculograms. Using a scoring system developed for this study, Conray was found effective for outlining the ipsilateral (injected) lateral ventricle, the third ventricle, the aqueduct of Sylvius, and the fourth ventricle. Air was the most effective for the noninjected lateral ventricle, while Myodil was best for A-P demonstration of the aqueduct. The clinical implications of these findings are discussed.

Cerebral Ventriculography↗
PubMed1975

Effect of intracranial pressure of meglumine iothalamate ventriculography.

Intraventricular pressure was studied in 12 patients undergoing ventriculography with a water soluble positive contrast medium. Isovolumetric instillation of meglumine iothalamate into the lateral ventricles and the anterior part of the third ventricle caused only a small increase in ventricular fluid pressure (1.3 +/- 0.3 mmHg), but the pressure increased markedly (46.3 +/- 3.7 mmHg; P less than 0.001) when the contrast medium entered the posterior end of the third ventricle, aqueduct of Sylvius,, and fourth ventricle. This sharp increase in intracranial pressure could not be attributed solely to the postural changes or to alterations in arterial blood pressure. Possible mechanisms are discussed.

Adolescent↗