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PubMedDate not supplied

[Natural development of gastrointestinal helminthiasis in calves born during the dry season in Guaira, State of São Paulo, Brazil].

Proceeding with their observations on bovine nematode epidemiology in Guaíra, State of São Paulo, the authors carried a study on the natural development of nematode infections in crossbred calves born at the dry season. The fecal nematode egg counts per gram (e.p.g.) performed every fortnight were positive at the start, in October, when calves were two months old, and reached the peak when they were five months old; cultures of faeces revealed larvae of Cooperia, Haemoncus, Oesophagostomum and Trichostrongylus. From this time on, until 12.5 months old, when the calves were slaughtered, the variable e.p.g. decreased continually, the average being, in the last examinations, 40 e.p.g. Strongyloides eggs were present in the faeces when the calves were two months old but they disappeared by the 5th month of age. The post-mortem examination revealed the following species of nematodes: Haemoncus similis, Haemoncus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, Bunostomum phlebotomum, Cooperia punctata, Cooperia pectinata, Oesophagostomum radiatum, Trichuris discolor and Dictyocaulus viviparus.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Intestinal helminthiasis in relation to height and weight of early primary school children in northeastern peninsular Malaysia.

Stool examination, height and weight measurements were undertaken on 249 early primary school children at two schools in North-eastern Peninsular Malaysia. Helminth infected children were treated and follow-up anthropometric measurements and stool examination undertaken on all (n = 100) children at one of the schools 16 months later; to observe the relationship between acquisition of infection and growth. Baseline Ascaris prevalence rates at the two schools were 16.0% (23/144) and 47.6% (50/105) respectively whilst Trichuris rates were 33.3% (48/144) and 52.4% (55/105). Hookworm infection was uncommon. There was no difference in weight or height for age between infected and uninfected children at any time. Acquisition of worm infection over the initial 16 month follow-up period was not associated with significant decreases in growth rates. However the small subsets of children with heavy Ascaris infection were consistently lighter and shorter at all evaluation times. They also gained significantly less weight and tended to have reduced linear growth rates between measurements. Further interventional studies are required to determine if this association is one of cause and effect or largely incidental.

Anthropometry↗
PubMed1998

[Swiss veterinary research and development project in the Gambia: the point of view of the breeder concerning control of helminthiasis in livestock].

The epidemiology of nematodes in livestock in The Gambia was assessed. A prophylactic biannual treatment was then tested on cattle and sheep. This treatment resulted in a significant improvement in the reproductive performances (sheep: lambings/year increasing from 1.04 to 1.22 and lambs/lambing increasing from 1.11 to 1.19; cattle: age at first calving decreasing from 58 to 50 months) and, in cattle, a significant improvement of the weight (varying between 8% and 17% in 1 to 4 year old animals). A socioeconomic study conducted in parallel showed that the treatment in cattle is on average profitable (benefit/cost ratio of 1.14) but remains a risky investment which should not be generalised (benefit/cost ratio would have been below 1 in more than half of the participating herds). In sheep, the benefit/cost ratio is high (2.47) with a low risk of losses (< 10%). The obstacles to the adoption by farmers of such a treatment and the usefulness of a pluridisciplinary approach in similar studies are then discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Urban helminthiasis in two socioeconomically distinct Costa Rican communities.

A survey on the prevalence of Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura and Hymenolepis nana was conducted in two adjacent, but socioeconomically distinct, urban Costa Rican communities: a squatter settlement and a community with access to modern sewage facilities. The prevalence of these infections was significantly higher in the former. Although squatter children (1-14 years old) were more heavily infected with A. lumbricoides and H. nana than squatter adults, the same pattern was not observed for T. trichiura. The results suggest that local community-based helminthic parasite surveys may more accurately portray the actual health status of socioeconomically diverse urban populations.

Adolescent↗