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At least 739 records · Page 41Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Gap junctions and nerve terminals among stromal cells in human fallopian tube ampullary mucosa.

The purpose of the present study is to investigate the ultrastructure and immunohistochemistry of the stromal cells and terminal nerve fibers in human fallopian tube ampullar mucosa to achieve a detailed characterization of this tissue to permit a better assessment of possible functions. Tissues were obtained during surgery or at autopsy from 26 patients. Specimens were studied by the conventional histologic technique, immunohistochemistry (Cx43, synaptophysin, neurofilament proteins, and S-100 protein), and electron microscopy. Gap junction and nerve terminal frequency between stromal cells were studied by direct assessment on ultrathin sections in the transmission electron microscope. Gap junctions were observed between the cytoplasmic processes of subepithelial stromal cells. There were approximately 23 gap junctions per 73 nucleated stromal spindle cells. Immunohistochemistry using Cx43 antibody confirmed the dot-like distribution of gap junctions. The frequent and intimate association of stromal cell processes with nerve terminals was also demonstrated. Nerve terminals were immunostained by antibodies to nerve-specific molecules and ultrastructurally as axonal profiles containing dense-cored granules or empty vesicles. Analysis of nerve terminal frequency revealed 18 nerve profiles containing 51 axonal profiles per 73 nucleated stromal spindle cells. The present paper documents the participation of autonomic nerve endings and gap junctions in the stromal cell network in human fallopian tube stroma. Similarities to the unique anatomical unit referred to as the 'neuro-reticular complex' in bone marrow tissue (Yamazaki and Allen, 1990) are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Fallopian tube ciliary beat frequency in relation to the stage of menstrual cycle and anatomical site.

BACKGROUND: The cyclical changes in ciliary structure and motion within the human Fallopian tube are well documented. Previous investigators have studied ciliary beat frequency (CBF) in relation to menstrual cycle and anatomical site, but with conflicting results. METHODS: Using a technique that records variations in light intensity, we have studied the changes in CBF in relation to the menstrual cycle and anatomical site. Fallopian tubes were collected from 26 women who underwent hysterectomy for benign conditions. Menstrual history, hormone profile and endometrial biopsy results were used to determine the stage of the cycle. Fourteen women were in the proliferative phase, and 12 women in the secretory phase. RESULTS: Mean CBF for all subjects was 5.3 plus minus 0.2 Hz. There was no significant difference in CBF in relation to anatomical site. In the fimbrial region the ciliary beat was faster in the secretory (5.8 plus minus 0.3 Hz) as compared with the proliferative phase (4.9 plus minus 0.2 Hz), P < 0.02. CONCLUSIONS: It is possible that this increase in fimbrial CBF may contribute to ovum retrieval and transport after ovulation. However, the reproductive significance of the changes in CBF in relation to the menstrual cycle needs further investigation.

Cilia↗
PubMed1982

Regional and cyclic variations in catecholamine concentration of the human fallopian tube.

Catecholamines were measured in various regions of the human Fallopian tube at different cyclic stage with high performance liquid chromatography; these stages were defined from plasma estradiol and progesterone levels. The tube contained minute amounts of epinephrine, low concentration of dopamine, and approximately 250-800 ng/g of norepinephrine. Measurements of norepinephrine in consecutive sections along the organ showed clear regional variations. The highest concentration was found in the isthmus. There was a consistently higher norepinephrine concentration during the luteal compared to the follicular phase. The highest norepinephrine values in the isthmus and in the fimbriated end were found at the time of ovulation.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Changes in mechanical properties of the circular muscle of the isthmus of the human fallopian tube in relation to hormonal domination and postovulatory time.

Using the isthmic circular ring from 76 subjects, the authors investigated the in vitro mechanical response of the fallopian tube to noradrenalin and field stimulation. In the proliferative and menopausal phases, preparations with high plasma levels of estradiol showed a high contractile response. In the secretory phase, responses were inhibitory or low at 4 to 6 and 11 to 14 days after the elevation of basal body temperature and were excitatory at 0 to 3 and 7 to 10 days. The exogenous application of estradiol failed to suppress these inhibitory responses. The findings suggest that the inhibitory response at 4 to 6 days after the elevation of BBT may aid in the release of the ovum from the fallopian tube and that after the ovulation, progesterone is mainly related to the response of the circular muscle to noradrenalin.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed2002

Tumor progression, histologic grading and DNA-ploidy as predictive factors of lymphogenous metastasis in primary carcinoma of the Fallopian tube.

UNLABELLED: The bad prognosis of primary carcinoma of the Fallopian tube (FTC), with 5-year overall survival rates of only 35%, is particularly ascribed to lymphogenous metastasis. Yet, we know very little on the pathophysiologic factors on which this lymphogenous metastasis is based. The present study, therefore, aims at evaluating the influence of intra-abdominal tumor progression and tumor-cell anaplasia on lymphogenous metastasis in FTC. We studied 41 cases of FTC, who had been subjected to radical lymphadenectomy during primary operation in a retrospective analysis. Staging was done by International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics-classification. Histologic grading and nuclear DNA-content (DNA-index) were used for evaluating tumor-cell anaplasia. Histologic grading discriminated between highly differentiated (G1), moderately dedifferentiated (G2), and dedifferentiated (G3) tumors. According to their DNA-indices, tumors were separated into three groups: DNA-index < or =1.1 (euploid cases), DNA-indices between 1.1 and 2.0 (cases of intermediate ploidy), and DNA-index >2.0 (aneuploid cases). The overall incidence of lymph node metastases was 43.9%. There was no correlation between histologic grading and DNA-index (P=0.98). Lymphogenous metastasis set in after the tumor had transgressed the tube (intra-abdominal stage II). Further intra-abdominal tumor progression (including omentum, liver, or peritoneum) significantly increases the incidence of lymph node metastases (P=0.02). There was only a single G1-tumor that had already disseminated into the lymph, all other cases of lymph node metastases were found in G2- or G3-tumors. DNA-index and the extent of lymphogenous metastases were not found to be correlated (P=0.74). CONCLUSIONS: The extent of lymphogenous metastases in FTC depends above all on intra-abdominal tumor progression. This fact has clinical consequences as the indication for lymphadenectomy can be obtained directly during operation. The results of histologic grading are of no impact on the surgical proceedings; the determination of DNA-ploidy is negligible.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Abortion incidence following fallopian tube repair.

The likelihood that ovum transport is altered after fallopian tube surgery for infertility is suggested by the high ectopic pregnancy rate that follows such surgery. To test the hypothesis that a primary (although undefined) disturbance of ovum transport may lead to faulty uterine implantation and so to abortion, the author examined the case records of 273 patients who underwent nonmicrosurgical bilateral tubal surgery for infertility at King George V Memorial Hospital, Sydney, between 1966 and 1975. An analysis of the nature of the first pregnancy in the 71 patients in whom conception occurred indicates an ectopic pregnancy rate of 8.5% and a spontaneous abortion rate among uterine pregnancies of 20.0%, both of which are higher than would be expected normally. It is suggested that the 3 specific reproductive difficulties that can follow technically successful tubal surgery are lasting infertility despite tubal patency, ectopic pregnancy, and abortion.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed1998

[Value of celioscopy in treatment of isolated torsion of the Fallopian tube. Review of the literature. Apropos of 3 cases].

Isolated fallopian tube torsion (ITT) is infrequent and associated with morphologic and dynamic disturbances. Mr L, 31 years old, suffered from right lower quadrant pain which became worse during the following 48 hours. Laparoscopy revealed a right necrotic ITT which was resected by laparotomy. Mr L, 49 years old, suffered from by left lower quadrant pain with progressive onset. Laparoscopy revealed a left necrotic ITT which was resected. Mr P, 76 years old, suffered from left lower quadrant pain for 14 days. Ultrasonography revealed an adnexal mass. Laparotomy revealed a left necrotic ITT which was resected. On literature review, ITT (81 cases) was revealed by lower quadrant pain, acute onset, which quickly became worse. Pelvis examination revealed a lateral cul-de-sac pain. Ultrasonography identified tubal cystic mass with high-impedance arterial waveform on colour Doppler sonography. Diagnosis was easily established by laparoscopy. In case of clinical symptoms suggestive of ITT, pelvic and endovaginal ultrasonography and laparoscopy are indicated. Tubal preservation must be the rule.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Incorporation of [U-14C]glucose in vitro by the various parts of the fallopian tube and uterus of the rabbit during ovum transport.

Incorporation of [U-14C]glucose in vitro was determined in ampullary, ampullary-isthmic junction and isthmic segments of the Fallopian tube and uterus of intact (oestrous) rabbits and also at various times after mating. In the oestrous animals, incorporation was slightly higher in the ampullary segment compared with the isthmic and the ampullary-isthmic junction and finally the uterus. The pattern changed significantly in the pregnant animals. At 14 and 24 h post coitum, the pattern of incorporation was similar to that found at oestrus except for an increase in uterine incorporation. However, at 48 and 72 h post coitum, incorporation by the isthmic segment and the uterus was significantly increased compared with corresponding values at oestrus, and 14 and 24 h post coitum. The implication of these changes during egg transport through the Fallopian tube is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

The effect of cAMP on ion transport in Fallopian tube epithelial cells in vitro.

The coupled movement of ions and water across epithelia determines the composition and volume of fluid present in the lumen of organs. The second messenger cAMP is important in effecting electrolyte and water transport in many transporting epithelia; however, its role in Fallopian tube transport is uncertain. We have conducted electrophysiological studies on Fallopian tube epithelial cell monolayers in Ussing chambers and have demonstrated that exogenously added cAMP and agents that generate its intracellular production results in an increase in short-circuit current consistent with the transport of net electrical charge from a basal to mucosal direction. In contrast to the known effects of ATP in this tissue, the increase in short-circuit current was not explicable in terms of electrogenic chloride secretion as it was not affected by the chloride channel inhibitors, 4-acetamido-4'-isothiocyanostilbene-2,2-disulphonic acid 1 mmol/l (SITS) and frusemide. Instead the current was reduced by the sodium channel inhibitor, amiloride, and was therefore, in part, explicable in terms of electrogenic Na+ absorption. These findings will enhance our understanding of the physiological mechanisms responsible for human Fallopian tubal fluid formation and composition.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1999

Prognostic significance of tumor angiogenesis in primary fallopian tube cancer.

Tumor angiogenesis has been found to be prognostically significant in many types of malignant tumors. We assessed tumor vascularity in 43 cases of histologically proven primary fallopian tube cancer, FIGO stage I-IV, using the highly specific endothelial cell marker CD34. Microvessel count was determined by counting CD34-positive cells at 200 x magnification. The 5-year disease-free survival probability was 43.8% (+/- 11.5%) in 24 patients whose tumors had a microvessel count < or = 19 microvessels/field and 19.7% (+/- 9.5%) in the > 19 microvessels/field group (P = 0.046). Stage and microvessel count were statistically significant for disease-free survival in univariate analysis. Therefore, a larger sample size would be required to detect an independent and statistically significant prognostic effect of microvessel density in primary fallopian tube cancer in multivariate analysis.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

The effect of the progesterone-releasing intrauterine device on uterine endometrium and fallopian tube epithelium.

A scanning and transmission electron microscopy study was undertaken of the effect of the progesterone releasing intrauterine device (Progestasert, Alza Corporation, USA) on the uterine endometrium and fallopian tube epithelium. Small erosions of surface epithelium and microthrombosis of stromal capillaries were found in the endometrium below the inert part of the device. A reduction of ciliated cells and shortened cilia were seen in the endometrium below the active part of the device and large dilated venules were present in the underlying stroma. Fallopian tubes from IUD patients contained fewer ciliated cells than those of the controls. The morphological changes described are likely to be major factors responsible for the irregular bleeding which occurs with Progestasert IUDs and the possible increase in tubal pregnancy.

Endometrium↗
PubMed1984

Case report. Torsion of pregnant fallopian tube--a rare case.

A case of torsion of the pregnant fallopian tube is presented. Although uncommon, this entity should be considered in the differential diagnosis of abdominal pain in a young female patient. Early surgical intervention is recommended in order to salvage the affected tube by microsurgical techniques.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

A comparison of cytoplasmic and nuclear estradiol and progesterone receptors in human fallopian tube and endometrial tissue.

Quantitative and qualitative aspects of the in vitro binding of 3H-estradiol and 3H-progesterone to receptor components from human endometrium and fallopian tube cytoplasmic and nuclear fractions were studied. The steroid binding macromolecules formed in vitro could be extracted from nuclei by 0.4 M KCl and detected by glycerol gradient centrifugation. Both estradiol- and progesterone-binding compounds formed only one peak (under high ionic strength conditions) with a sedimentation coefficient of about 4-5 S. The number of cytoplasmic and nuclear binding sites for both estradiol and R5020 varied dramatically throughout the menstrual cycle: the estradiol and progesterone receptor concentrations were highest during the proliferative phase and were very significantly lower in the second half of the menstrual cycle. Furthermore, measurement of both receptors in the cytosol revealed differences among the anatomic segments of the fallopian tube. The highest estradiol and progesterone binding could be detected in the ampullary region; significantly lower levels of estradiol and progesterone receptors were seen in the infundibulum and the isthmus.

Cell Nucleus↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Prophylactic salpingo-oophorectomy in 51 women with familial breast-ovarian cancer: importance of fallopian tube dysplasia.

We report our findings on 51 patients with a familial breast and/or ovarian cancer risk who underwent prophylactic bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (pBSO). Patients undergoing a pBSO between January 1, 1997, and December 31, 2003, at the University Hospitals Leuven were reviewed retrospectively. Out of 51 patients, 37 (72.5%) underwent genetic testing, while the 14 others (27.5%) underwent pBSO on the sole basis of a positive family history only. BRCA1 mutation was found in 35% of the tested group, while 30% were BRCA2 carriers. Mean age at intervention was 45.3 years; 33 patients were premenopausal. In 44 patients (86%), the pBSO was performed laparoscopically, and in seven patients we decided laparotomy because of technical reasons. In four patients hysterectomy was performed. Histopathologically, the presence of epithelial dysplasia was observed in two patients (dysplasia of the fallopian tube in a BRCA2 patient; discrete focal atypia of tubal and ovarian epithelium in a patient with a negative BRCA1/BRCA2 mutation analysis). Peritoneal cytology specimens (n= 28) were all negative. Laparoscopic pBSO is well tolerated. Concomitant hysterectomy should be considered, given the observed fallopian tube dysplasia and the possibility of a tubal remnant after pBSO.

Adult↗