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PubMed1992

Helicobacter pylori and gastric ulcer therapy: reflections and uncertainties.

The relationship between Helicobacter pylori (HP) and gastric ulcer therapy is examined by analyzing both the data that suggest that eradication of HP renders the gastric mucosa less susceptible to development of gastric ulcer as well as the substantial body of evidence that does not support this contention. The results reported in clinical trials with colloidal bismuth citrate, antimicrobial agents (furazolidone), and combinations of anti-ulcer and antimicrobial agents (H2-antagonist+cefixime, H2-antagonist+metronidazole) are reviewed. Also analyzed is the relationship between HP eradication and ulcer recurrence. Only one study is available on this aspect, and the limited evidence it provides in favour of a prophylactic effect of eradication therapy is not entirely convincing. The authors conclude that there is no reasonable case for the dogmatic assumption that eradication of HP facilitates either acute healing or long-term prophylaxis of gastric ulcer, though certain subgroups of gastric ulcer patients may benefit from eradication therapy.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed2005

Eradication rate of Helicobacter pylori in dyspeptic patients.

BACKGROUND: The eradication of Helicobacter pylori (HP) is dependent on several bacteriologic and geographic variables. Multiple-drug regimens have been tried in order to eradicate HPi; however, the optimal drug has not yet been found. MATERIAL/METHODS: In this single-blind, randomized clinical trial, 245 dyspeptic patients with positive rapid urease tests or positive cultures for HP were entered in the study and randomly treated with one of 3 drug regimens A, B, or C for 14 days. Each regimen was administered to 76 patients. Regimen A consisted of omeprazole 20 mg bid + bismuth subcitrate 120 mg 2 tab. bid + metronidazole 250 mg 2 tab. bid + tetracycline 250 mg 2 cap. bid. Regimen B consisted of omeprazole 20 mg bid + bismuth subcitrate 120 mg 2 tab. bid + furazolidone 100 mg 2 tab. bid + tetracycline 250 mg 2 cap. bid. Regimen C consisted of omeprazole 20 mg bid + bismuth subcitrate 120 mg 2 tab. bid + ciprofloxacin 500 mg bid. A urea breath test was performed 1-2 months after eradication. RESULTS: Of the 245 patients, 228 completed their treatment course. 57% were male and 43% female. Eradication rates were 76.3%, 68.4%, and 67.1% in groups A, B, and C, respectively (P=0.05). The eradication rate of drug regimen A was greater than B in males (86% vs. 63%; p<0.05), and that of B was greater than C in females (76.7 vs. 53.6%; P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The therapeutic regimen containing ciprofloxacin is preferable, although all drug regimens were less effective in Iran than in other parts of the world.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1990

[Excretion of bile acids in feces in pathology of the liver and intestines].

Intestinal excretion of free bile acids (BA), i.e. of cholic, chenodeoxycholic, deoxycholic, lithocholic, and of conjugated BA, i.e. of glycocholic, glycodeoxycholic together with glycochenodeoxycholic, taurocholic, taurodeoxycholic together with taurochenodeoxycholic acids, was examined in patients with viral hepatitides (VH), chronic hepatitis (CH), biliary cirrhosis of the liver (BCL), and acute dysentery (AD), as were the effects of therapy on these acid levels. The findings evidence that fecal levels of free BA are significantly reduced during the acute period of VH, CH, AD, and BCL, whereas the levels of conjugated acids are elevated in all the examinees except the BCL patients, in whom these acids are unchanged. Study of BA excretion in VH patients treated with prednisolone has demonstrated a normalizing effect of this therapy on the spectrum of excreted free BA. Furazolidone and erythromycin therapy resulted in disordered transformation of 'primary' BA into 'secondary' ones and to deconjugation of BA, this being possibly related to these drugs effects on intestinal microflora.

Bile Acids and Salts↗
PubMed1991

[Comparative evaluation of the effectiveness of the treatment of gastroduodenal Campylobacter infection in children].

Schemes developed by the authors for antibacterial therapy of gastroduodenal bacterosis caused by Campylobacter spp. in children are described. The data on the treatment of 56 patients with duodenal ulcer and gastroduodenitis are presented. The efficacy of the treatment with medicines under the control of the clinical, endoscopic and microbiological indices was compared. The study showed that De-Nol, furazolidone and combination of trichopol (metronidazole) with vicair were the most efficient drugs for therapy of children with such diseases.

Anti-Infective Agents↗
PubMed1990

Studies on antipeptic ulcer agents: a structure-activity relationship analysis of aldehyde semicarbazones and aryl hydrazones.

Twenty-eight condensation products of heterocyclic-a-carboaldehydes with N-aminooxazolidones, semicarbazides, thiosemicarbazides and benzoxycarbonyl hydrazide were synthesized so as to deduce the antiulcer pharmacophore or fragment of furazolidone (I), a prototype which has shown therapeutic efficacy in patients with gastric and duodenal ulcers. SAR analysis of the compounds indicated that the substitution of furan, thiophene, pyrrole or N-methyl pyrrole rings for 5-nitrofuran and the cleavage of the oxazolidone ring did not fully destroy the activity. The electron density of the carbonyl group was found to be of importance. A lead structure, therefore, was derived for further optimization.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Toxicological considerations in the evaluation of veterinary drugs].

Interactions between veterinary pharmacotherapy, toxicology of residues, prevention of residues of veterinary drugs and the evaluation of veterinary drug files are discussed on the basis of a number of examples. Sulphadimidine is used to treat atrophic rhinitis in medicated feeds which do not benefit the animal but are the cause of persistent sulphonamide residues in feed mills and husbandry. Carbadox is a potentially effective prophylactic feed additive for the prevention of swine dysentery, but is mostly used in high dosages which are almost toxic for the animals, and used during unnecessary prolonged periods. It is also prescribed as a therapeutic agent in which case a symptom of poisoning, dry faeces, is mistaken for a sign of recovery. Carbadox and/or its metabolites are carcinogenic and its use should be restricted to a bare minimum. Furazolidone is an example of an effective veterinary drug, the use of which should be limited by the fact that detoxification mechanisms of the animals, may result in the appearance of reactive metabolites which are available in the gastro-intestinal tract of the consumer. The central issue in a 'minimal residue' policy regarding the use of veterinary drugs should be the selection of effective drugs. Such a selection could result in a significant reduction of the incidence of veterinary drug residues. Second to this issue is the question of the extent to which residue toxicology should modulate the use of veterinary drugs.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Survival analysis for evaluation of corneal ulcer healing times in calves with naturally acquired infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis.

A clinical trial examining the efficacy of 2 drugs for treatment of a natural epizootic of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis was performed. The study was conducted in 103 grazing Hereford calves during the summer of 1985. The calves were prospectively and randomly assigned to 1 of 3 groups at the beginning of the study on June 17, and were examined 3 times weekly thereafter until the final observation on August 6. Calves in group 1 (n = 34) were not treated and were used as controls. Calves of group 2 (n = 34) with corneal ulcers were treated with a long-acting oxytetracycline formulation (OTC group). The parenteral treatment was repeated in 72 hours. Affected calves of group 3 (n = 35) were treated topically with furazolidone spray when they developed new corneal ulcers, or when existing lesions worsened during subsequent examination periods (NFZ group). Healing times of the corneal ulcers were reported in 3 ways: the combined times for ulcers present in both eyes of a calf simultaneously (method A), independent times of each ulcer on a calf (method B), and time of the first ulcer for each calf (method C). Censored healing times were examined as left censored (ulcer present at the beginning of the study), right censored (ulcer not healed at the end of the study), or uncensored (true) healing times. The effect that the treatments had on healing times were investigated by use of notched box and whisker plots, life tables, and Cox regression models. The analysis indicated that treatment of calves with either antimicrobial reduced the healing time of corneal ulcers, compared with untreated controls.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[Clinical significance, epidemiology and laboratory diagnosis of Campylobacter pyloridis].

In 1983, bacteriological examinations of gastric epithelium isolated a new species of bacteria, the so-called Campylobacter pyloridis. These bacteria were found in 50% of the gastroscopic examinations from patients with dyseptic disorders. C. pyloridis is a gram-negative curved bacterium. Up to now it has been found on the surface of the human gastric epithelium. C. pyloridis is rarely isolated from the healthy gastric epithelium. The gastric epithelium containing C. pyloridis mostly suffers from inflammatory infiltration or from pathological changes like chronic gastritis of type B. The route of infection is unknown. C. pyloridis has not yet been isolated outside of the human stomach. For laboratory diagnosis of a disease caused by C. pyloridis, the bacterium has to be isolated from gastric bioptic specimen. Another possibility is to check for high serum antibody levels against C. pyloridis. Direct microscopic examinations of gastric epithelium are also possible. The positive urease test is the main criterion to differentiate C. pyloridis from other human pathogenic campylobacter species. As therapeutic agents are recommended: bismuthates, amoxicillin, furazolidone and tinidazole. These agents are able to eliminate C. pyloridis from gastric epithelium and to fade away the gastritis.

Amoxicillin↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Clinico-pathogenetic basis for using crystalline lysozyme in the combined therapy of food toxinfections].

In food toxinfections caused by various microorganisms (Staphylococcus, Escherichia, Klebsiella, Proteus, Citrobacter, etc.) a decrease of lysozyme debit and an increase of pH of gastric juice were found. One third of patients exhibited lactose deficiency of the small intestine. Treatment with furazolidone contributed to the development of lactase deficit and delayed stools normalization. Crystalline lysozyme shortened duration of febrile reaction and diarrhea, its intake facilitated lactose hydrolysis.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1985

[Antibiotic therapy in the surgical treatment of suppurative cholangitis].

The pathogenic agents of purulent cholangitis are known to be the conditionally pathogenic mainly gram-negative bacteria of the intestinal group. Kanamycin, monomycin, furazolidon should be used. The antibiotic treatment should be corrected according to data of inoculations of blood taken during the first days of staying in the hospital, then to data of inoculations of bile taken both during operation and at the 3d-4th postoperative days.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1985

Giardiasis in a cattery.

Giardia sp infection was believed responsible for chronic, intermittent diarrhea in a group of 14 Persian cats. Seven of the cats were shedding Giardia sp cysts, and 6 of these cats had diarrhea at the time of fecal examination. Conversely, only 1 of 6 clinically normal cats in the group was shedding Giardia sp cysts. Cysts were not detected in feces of 2 cats with diarrhea. Cats less than or equal to 3 years old were more likely to be found shedding cysts. The parasite apparently was eradicated from the cattery by a combination of cage disinfection (1% sodium hypochlorite solution) and oral furazolidone treatment (4 mg/kg of body weight, BID for 5 consecutive days). During treatment, clinical signs resolved, and all cats remained clinically normal 2 months after treatment.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Liquid chromatographic monitoring of the depletion of carbadox and its metabolite desoxycarbadox in swine tissues.

A liquid chromatographic method was used to monitor a depletion study of carbadox (and its most important metabolite, desoxycarbadox) in young pigs fed carbadox-treated rations for 1 week. Carbadox was found in blood (20 ppb), blood serum (26 ppb), and muscle tissue 24 h after withdrawal from treated ration; residues were reduced to a trace (less than 2 ppb) in 48 h, and eliminated by 72 h. Desoxycarbadox, although not detected in blood, was found in muscle (17 ppb) 24 h after withdrawal; it was reduced to 9 ppb at 48 h and to a trace by 72 h. Although no carbadox was detected in liver 24 h after withdrawal, appreciable desoxycarbadox (125 ppb) was found in liver 24 h after withdrawal; it was reduced to 17 ppb at 48 h and to a trace by 72 h. Whereas only a trace of carbadox was found in kidney 24 h after withdrawal, 186 ppb desoxycarbadox was found in kidney at 24 h, 34 ppb at 48 h, and a trace at 72 h. No metabolite of carbadox other than desoxycarbadox was found in extracts of swine tissues during this medicated feed trial, and no metabolite was found in blood extracts by using the established methodology. The effect of tissue storage (aging) at -20 degrees C on levels of the drug and its metabolite was a modest alteration of residue levels. The inadvertent use of feed adulterated with furazolidone and initially medicated with chlortetracycline, sulfamethazine, and penicillin G, did not affect the uptake of carbadox in this depletion study or interfere with the analytical methodology.

Animal Feed↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Cholestyramine in the treatment of acute bacterial diarrhea in infants].

32 infants admitted to Hospital "Roberto del Río" with infectious diarrhea and dehydration were assigned random to two groups, one of them receiving the usual therapeutic regimen of rehydration, refeeding and furazolidone and the other group the same treatment plus cholestyramine. The patients were studied with balance technique on days 1st, 3rd., and 5th. after admission, analyzing clinical progress, features of the stools, total digestive transit time, pH of the feces and the presence of reducing substances, volume of the stools, water excretion and sodium, potassium and chloride elimination in the feces. The patients receiving cholestyramine showed an earlier improvement in the appearance of the stools, less excretion of feces and water and diminished sodium and potassium elimination. Chloride excretion was similar in both groups. Cholestyramine tolerance was excellent. No side effects or complications were observed.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1979

Production and application of a live Salmonella gallinarum vaccine.

The production and application of a freeze-dried Salmonella gallinarum vaccine are described in this report. The vaccine is stable when kept at 4 degrees C and a single injection elicits a good immunity for 2 months, though its effect gradually diminishes. Immunity is neither enhanced nor depressed by repeated injections of the live vaccine, and no interference effect was observed in experimentally infected chickens. Furazolidone therapy jeopardizes the immunogenicity of a live vaccine, but its effect can be countered by the administration of either an inactivated or a live vaccine when medication is commenced and this is followed by the application of live vaccine 6 days after cessation of medication.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

[Effect of therapeutic agents on the antibody titer and allergic reaction in fowl typhoid-pullorum disease].

Studies were carried out on the effect of furazolidon, spectam, Esb-3 and altabactin on the production of agglutinins and the initiation and development of an allergic response in chickens affected with pullorum disease. It was found that these preparations, when used three times at intervals of 20 days, in the course of 10 days each time at the respective therapeutic rates led to the decrease in the titer of agglutinins in the treated birds as early as the tenth day from the beginning of treatment. This trend remained unchanged during the whole period of treatment. Under the same experimental conditions no inhibition of the allergic reaction in the diseased birds against the lipopolysaccharide allergen of Salmonella gallinarum-pullorum was established.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1983

Travellers' diarrhoea: prevention by chemoprophylaxis.

The chemoprophylaxis of travellers' diarrhoea by iodochlorhydroxyquinoline combinations, neomycin and phthalsulphathiazole, furazolidone, bismuth salicylates and streptotriad is reviewed. Streptotriad is regarded as a highly effective prophylactic against travellers' diarrhoea. Some elementary food hygiene precautions are detailed.

Adult↗